Collapse of Mt. Gox

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Mt. Gox halted withdrawals on 7 February 2014 due to insolvency[1] after an apparently undetected theft that had been occurring since 2011. The company said it was pausing withdrawal requests “to obtain a clear technical view of the currency processes”.[1] Mt. Gox would also suspend trading on 24 February. Bitcoins amounting to a half billion US dollars at the time of the event had been missing, making it the largest-ever bitcoin loss by USD value.

Withdrawals delayed or refused

Wired Magazine reported in November 2013 that customers were experiencing delays of weeks to months in withdrawing funds from their accounts.[2] The article said that the company had “effectively been frozen out of the U.S. banking system because of its regulatory problems”. Customer complaints about long delays were mounting as of February 2014, with more than 3300 posts in a thread about the topic on the BitcoinTalk online forum.[3]

Shutdown

Mt. Gox issued a press release on 10 February stating that withdrawals were completely halted due to transaction malleability: “A bug in the bitcoin software makes it possible for someone to use the Bitcoin network to alter transaction details to make it seem like a sending of bitcoins to a bitcoin wallet did not occur when in fact it did occur. Since the transaction appears as if it has not proceeded correctly, the bitcoins may be resent. Mt. Gox is working with the Bitcoin core development team and others to mitigate this issue.”[4][5][clarification needed] On 17 February, with all Mt. Gox withdrawals still halted and competing exchanges back in full operation after the transaction malleability scare, the company published another press release indicating the steps they claim they are taking to address security issues.[6] In an email interview with the Wall Street Journal, CEO Mark Karpelès refused to comment on increasing concerns among customers about the financial status of the exchange, did not give a definite date on which withdrawals would be resumed, writing that the exchange would impose "new daily and monthly limits" on withdrawals if and when they were resumed.[7] A poll of 3000 Mt. Gox customers by CoinDesk indicated that 68% of customers were still awaiting funds from Mt. Gox. The median waiting time was between one to three months. 21% of poll respondents had been waiting for three months or more.[8]

Protesters sit outside Tibanne's headquarters

On 20 February, with all withdrawals still halted, Mt. Gox issued another statement, still giving no date for the resumption of withdrawals.[9] A protest by two Bitcoin enthusiasts outside the building that houses the Mt. Gox headquarters in Tokyo continued.

Citing "security concerns", Mt. Gox announced they had moved their offices to a different location in Shibuya. Bitcoin prices quoted by Mt. Gox dropped below 20% of the prices on other exchanges, reflecting the market's estimate of the unlikelihood of Mt. Gox ever paying their customers.[10][11]

On 23 February, Karpelès resigned from the board of the Bitcoin Foundation,[12] and all posts on the Mt. Gox Twitter account were removed.[13] The exchange suspended all trading the following day. Hours after trading halted, the website went offline, returning a blank page.[14][15][16] An alleged leaked internal crisis management document claimed that the company was insolvent, after losing 744,408 bitcoins in a theft which went undetected for years.[14][15][17][18] Six other major bitcoin exchanges released a joint statement distancing themselves from Mt. Gox shortly before Mt. Gox's website went offline.[19][20]

On 25 February, Mt. Gox reported on its website that a "decision was taken to close all transactions for the time being", citing "recent news reports and the potential repercussions on MtGox's operations". Karpelès told Reuters that Mt. Gox was "at a turning point".[21][22][23][24]

On 28 February Mt. Gox filed for bankruptcy protection in Tokyo, reporting that it had liabilities of about 6.5 billion Japanese yen ($64 million at the time), and 3.84 billion yen in assets.[25][26] The company said they had lost almost 750,000 of its customers' bitcoins, and around 100,000 of its own bitcoins, totaling around 7% of all bitcoins, and worth around $473 million near the time of the filing.[25][26] Mt. Gox released a statement saying "The company believes there is a high possibility that the [bitcoins] were stolen,”[27] blaming hackers,[28] inciting a search for the missing money. Karpelès said technical issues opened up the way for fraudulent withdrawals. Mt. Gox also faces lawsuits from its customers.[29][30] On 9 March, Mt. Gox filed for bankruptcy protection in the US, to temporarily halt U.S. legal action by traders who alleged the operation was a fraud.[31][32][33]

On 20 March, Mt. Gox reported on its website that it recovered some bitcoins — worth around $116 million — in an old digital wallet from 2011. That brings the total number of bitcoins the firm lost down to 650,000 from 850,000.[34] On 14 April, Mt. Gox lawyers said that Karpelès wouldn't appear for a deposition in a Dallas court, or heed a subpoena by FinCEN.[28] On 16 April, Mt. Gox gave up its plan to rebuild under bankruptcy protection, and asked a Tokyo court to allow it to be liquidated.[35]

Investigation

Private investigators have looked to the block chain for evidence and synopsis of the theft.

Aftermath

Mark Karpelès under arrest

Mark Karpelès was arrested on August 1, 2015.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dougherty, Carter (7 February 2014). "Bitcoin Price Plunges as Mt. Gox Exchange Halts Activity". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-02-07/bitcoin-price-falls-as-mt-gox-exchange-halts-activity.html. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
  2. ↑ McMillan, Robert; Metz, Cade (6 November 2013). "The rise and fall of the world's largest Bitcoin exchange". Wired (Condé Nast). http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/11/mtgox/. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
  3. ↑ Wong, Joon Ian (4 February 2014). "Poll: Are you having Mt. Gox withdrawal issues?". CoinDesk. http://www.coindesk.com/poll-mt-gox-withdrawal-issues/. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
  4. ↑ Template:Cite press release
  5. ↑ http://www.pokerupdate.com/news/business-and-finance/mt-gox-shutdown-puts-bitcoin-investors-on-edge/
  6. ↑ Template:Cite press release
  7. ↑ Mochizuki, Takashi and Warnock, Eleanor (February 17, 2014). "Bitcoin Platform Mt. Gox Apologizes for Delayed Response - CEO Karpeles Declines To Shed Light On How Customer Funds Are Protected". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304899704579388483531937144?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304899704579388483531937144.html.
  8. ↑ Wong, Joon Ian (15 February 2014). "68% of Mt. Gox Users Still Awaiting Their Funds, Survey Reveals". Coin Desk. http://www.coindesk.com/mt-gox-users-awaiting-funds-survey-reveals/.
  9. ↑ Clinch, Matt (February 20, 2014). "Bitcoin investor fury at Mt Gox delays". CNBC. http://www.cnbc.com/id/101431022.
  10. ↑ Byford, Sam (February 20, 2014). "Mt. Gox, where is our money?". The Verge. http://www.theverge.com/2014/2/19/5425220/protest-at-mt-gox-bitcoin-exchange-in-tokyo.
  11. ↑ "Bitcoin exchange in Downward Spiral: "Mt Gox has left the building"". Hannover, Germany: Heise. February 20, 2014. http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Bitcoin-Boerse-in-Abwaertsspirale-Mt-Gox-has-left-the-building-2119550.html.
  12. ↑ "Mt. Gox resigns from Bitcoin Foundation". Reuters. February 23, 2014. http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/24/mtgox-bitcoinfoundation-idUSL3N0LT15X20140224. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  13. ↑ "MtGox Resigns From Bitcoin Foundation, Deletes All Tweets From Twitter Feed". Business Insider. February 23, 2014. http://www.businessinsider.com/mtgox-resigns-from-bitcoin-foundation-2014-2. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 McMillan, Robert (24 February 2014). "Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox implodes amid allegations of $350 million hack". Wired. http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2014/02/bitcoins-mt-gox-implodes/?cid=co19086554. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Popper, Nathaniel; Abrams, Rachel (25 February 2014). "Apparent theft at Mt. Gox shakes Bitcoin world". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/25/business/apparent-theft-at-mt-gox-shakes-bitcoin-world.html. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  16. ↑ Nagano, Yuriko; Wright, Stephen (25 February 2014). "Website of Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox offline". Associated Press. http://bigstory.ap.org/article/website-bitcoin-exchange-mt-gox-offline. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  17. ↑ How a bug in bitcoin led to MtGox's collapse, Alex Hern, The Guardian, Feb. 27, 2014
  18. ↑ [1]
  19. ↑ "Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox's website down". Reuters. 25 February 2014. http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/25/mtgox-website-idUSL3N0LU1N920140225. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  20. ↑ Template:Cite press release
  21. ↑ "Mt. Gox website says all transactions closed "for the time being"". Reuters. 25 February 2014. http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/25/us-mtgox-website-idUSBREA1O07920140225. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  22. ↑ Lowery, Adrian (25 February 2014). "Is it the beginning of the end for Bitcoin? Virtual currency in turmoil as rumoured $375m theft closes major exchange". This is money. http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/news/article-2567436/Bitcoin-turmoil-rumoured-375m-theft-closes-major-exchange.html. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  23. ↑ Anklam, Fred (25 February 2014). "Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox goes offline amid turmoil". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2014/02/25/mt-gox-offline/5801093/. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  24. ↑ Vaishampayan, Saumya (25 February 2014). "Mt. Gox says transactions closed 'for time being'". Market Watch. http://www.marketwatch.com/story/mt-gox-says-transactions-closed-for-time-being-2014-02-25?link=MW_home_latest_news. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Warnock, Eleanor; Mochizuki, Takashi; Martin, Alexander (28 February 2014). "Mt. Gox files for bankruptcy protection". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/news/article_email/SB10001424052702303801304579410010379087576. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Takemoto, Yoshifumi; Knight, Sophie (28 February 2014). "Mt. Gox files for bankruptcy, blames hackers for losses". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/28/us-bitcoin-mtgox-bankruptcy-idUSBREA1R0FX20140228. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
  27. ↑ Mt. Gox Seeks Bankruptcy After $480 Million Bitcoin Loss, Carter Dougherty and Grace Huang, Bloomberg News, Feb. 28, 2014
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Mochizuki, Takashi (20 April 2014). "Tracing a Bitcoin's Exchange's Fall From the Top to Shutdown Mark Karpelès hoped to set up a bitcoin cafe in the building where his exchange rented space.". WSJ. http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304311204579508300513992292?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304311204579508300513992292.html. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  29. ↑ Sidel, Robin (28 February 2014). "Almost Half a Billion Worth of Bitcoins Vanish". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303801304579410010379087576?mod=WSJ_hp_LEFTWhatsNewsCollection&mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702303801304579410010379087576.html%3Fmod%3DWSJ_hp_LEFTWhatsNewsCollection. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  30. ↑ "MtGox Boss Sued For Bitcoin Losses". Investing.com. 4 March 2014. http://www.investing.com/news/economy-news/mtgox-boss-sued-for-bitcoin-losses-270031.
  31. ↑ Finley, Klint (10 March 2014). "Bitcoin Exchange Mt. Gox Files for U.S. Bankruptcy as Death Spiral Continues". Wired. http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2014/03/gox-texas/. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  32. ↑ Hals, Tom (10 March 2014). "Mt. Gox files U.S. bankruptcy, opponents call it a ruse". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/10/us-bitcoin-mtgox-bankruptcy-idUSBREA290WU20140310. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  33. ↑ "Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox files for US bankruptcy". New York Post. 10 March 2014. http://nypost.com/2014/03/10/bitcoin-exchange-mt-gox-files-for-us-bankruptcy/. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  34. ↑ Karpeles, Mark (2014-03-20). "当社保有ビットコインの残高に関するお知らせ / Announcement regarding the balance of Bitcoin held by the company" (PDF). MtGox. https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140320-btc-announce.pdf. Retrieved 2014-03-22. "MtGox Co., Ltd. had certain old­format wallets which were used in the past and which, MtGox thought, no longer held any bitcoins. Following the application for commencement of a civil rehabilitation proceeding, these wallets were rescanned and their balance researched. On March 7, 2014, MtGox Co., Ltd. confirmed that an old­format wallet which was used prior to June 2011 held a balance of approximately 200,000 BTC (199,999.99 BTC)."
  35. ↑ http://online.wsj.com/news/article_email/SB10001424052702303663604579504691512965308-lMyQjAxMTA0MDEwNTExNDUyWj
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