Bitcoind

Bitcoind is a program that implements the Bitcoin protocol for command line and remote procedure call (RPC) use. It is also the first Bitcoin client in the network's history. It is available under the MIT license in 32-bit and 64-bit versions for Windows, GNU/Linux-based OSes, and Mac OS X.

Prior to version 0.5, this service-provider client used a wxWidgets GUI as its default GUI. It is now instead bundled with Bitcoin-Qt.

Running

See running bitcoind for more detail and an example of the configuration file.

Bitcoind is a headless daemon, and also bundles a testing tool for the same daemon. It provides a JSON-RPC interface, allowing it to be controlled locally or remotely which makes it useful for integration with other software or in larger payment systems. Various commands are made available by the API.

To use locally, first start the program in daemon mode:

bitcoind -daemon

Then you can use the same program to execute API commands, e.g.:

bitcoin-cli getinfo

bitcoin-cli listtransactions

To stop the bitcoin daemon, execute:

bitcoin-cli stop

History of official bitcoind (and predecessor) releases

Version	Date	Supported platforms	Reference
0.7.2	2012-Dec-14	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.5.7	2012-Nov-23
0.7.1	2012-Oct-19	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.7.0	2012-Sep-17	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.5.6	2012-Jul-22	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.4.7	2012-Jul-22	Windows32
0.6.0.9	2012-Jul-08
0.6.3	2012-Jun-25	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.6.2	2012-May-08	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.6.1	2012-May-04	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.6.0.7	2012-May-04
0.5.5	2012-May-04	Windows32
0.4.6	2012-May-04	Windows32
0.5.4	2012-Apr-15	Windows32 / Linux
0.4.5	2012-Apr-15
0.6.0	2012-Mar-30	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.5.3.1	2012-Mar-17	Windows32
0.5.3	2012-Mar-14	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.4.4	2012-Mar-14	Windows32
0.5.2	2012-Jan-09	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.4.3	2012-Jan-09	Windows32 / Linux
0.5.1	2011-Dec-15	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.4.2	2011-Dec-12
0.5.0	2011-Nov-21	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.4.1	2011-Nov-21	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.4.0	2011-Sep-23	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.3.24	2011-Jul-08	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.3.23	2011-Jun-13	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.3.22	2011-Jun-05	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.3.21	2011-Apr-27	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.3.20	2011-Feb-21	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.3.19	2010-12-12	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.3.18	2010-12-08	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.3.17	2010-11-25	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.3.15	2010-11-13	Windows32 / Linux
0.3.14	2010-10-21	Windows32 / Linux
0.3.13	2010-10-01	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.3.12	2010-09-07	Windows32 / Linux
0.3.11	2010-08-27	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.3.10	2010-08-15	Windows32 / Linux32/64 / MacOS X
0.3.8.1	2010-08-09	Linux64
0.3.8	2010-08-03	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.3.7	2010-08-01	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.3.6	2010-07-29	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.3.3	2010-07-25	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.3.2.5	2010-07-24	Windows32 / Linux
0.3.2	2010-07-17	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.3.1	2010-07-15	Windows32 / Linux
0.3.0	2010-07-06	Windows32 / Linux / MacOS X
0.2.0	2009-12-17 06:52	Windows XP /Vista / Linux
0.1.5	2009-02-04 19:46	Windows NT/2000/XP
0.1.3	2009-01-12 22:48	Windows NT/2000/XP
0.1.2	2009-01-11 22:32	Windows NT/2000/XP
0.1.0	2009-01-09	Windows NT/2000/XP

Up to and including version 0.3.19 is the "Satoshi code". The founder retired from development with end of 2010. Here are three URLs given where you still(!) (2013-01-04) can download one of the "original Satoshi codes". So also this Bitcoin release history.

Theory of Operation

bitcoind is a multithreaded C++ program. It is designed to be portable across Windows, Mac, and Linux systems. The multithreaded aspect leads to some complexity and the use of certain code patterns to deal with concurrency that may be unfamiliar to many programmers. Also, the code is aggressive in the use of C++ constructs, so it will help to be fluent with map, multimap, set, string, vector, iostream, and templates. As is typical of a C++ program, a lot of code tends to end up in the header files so be sure to search both the .cpp and .h files when looking for a function.

The client is oriented around several major operations, which are described in separate detailed articles and summarized in the following sections.

Initialization and Startup

Upon startup, the client performs various initialization routines including starting multiple threads to handle concurrent operations.

Node Discovery

The client uses various techniques to find out about other Bitcoin nodes that are currently connected to the network.

Node Connectivity

The client initiates and maintains connections to other nodes.

Sockets and Messages

The client processes messages from other nodes and sends messages to other nodes using socket connections.

Block Exchange

Nodes advertise their inventory of blocks to each other and exchange blocks to build block chains.

Transaction Exchange

Nodes exchange and relay transactions with each other. The client associates transactions with bitcoin addresses in the local wallet.

Wallet Services

The client can create transactions using the local wallet. The client associates transactions with bitcoin addresses in the local wallet. The client provides a service for managing the local wallet.

RPC Interface

The client offers an JSON-RPC interface over HTTP over sockets to perform various operational functions and to manage the local wallet.

User Interface

Bitcoind's current user interface is the command line while it used to be based on wxWidgets. A graphical user interface is now provided by Bitcoin-qt in version 0.5+ for the reference client.

Troubleshooting

I get "Error loading blkindex.dat" when I try to run the client

blkindex.dat is part of the database that stores the local copy of the blockchain which may have become corrupted. Open the Bitcoin data dir:

Windows: %APPDATA%\Bitcoin Linux: ~/.bitcoin Mac: ~/Library/Application Support/Bitcoin/

Make a backup of that entire folder, then delete everything EXCEPT wallet.dat. Start bitcoind again and it will download a fresh copy of the blockchain.

See Also

• Original Bitcoin client/API calls list
• Bitcoin network protocol
• Development process
• Release process
• Changelog

External Links

• Bitcoin Client project on Github

References

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