Revision as of 05:26, 4 November 2014

2 modulars(160 ASICs), Hashrate：60GH/s, Chip:375MHz, 595W
3 modulars(240 ASICs), Hashrate：72GH/s, Chip:300MHz, 600W
4 modulars(320 ASICs), Hashrate：90GH/s, Chip:282MHz, 750W

Pictures (Batch#1)

Pictures (Batch#2)

Pictures (Batch#3)

Pictures (Avalon Mini)

Avalon Mini is a two module power house clocking the 110nm chips at 375Mhz, 595W

Hardware Information

Chip Specification

Technology Summary:
   TSMC 0.11- micron G process
       5 Metal
Core Voltage: 1.2 V
I/O Voltage: 3.3 V
Core Frequency: 256+ MHz
Number of Pads: 48
   8 Data
   40+1 Power
Package Type: QFN48 -0.5 Pitch
Packaged Chip Size: 7 mm x 7 mm

Chip Interface
Data Pins (8 in total):
Clock                     i
Serial Data In  [2]       i
Serial Data Out [2]       o
Serial Data Bypass [2]    o
Reserved    [1]    -

Wafer

TSMC
TMEM91
Chip Size :   X = 3.9760 ,Y = 4.0560 mm
Reticle Size :   X/cell =  3 ,Y/cell =  3
Offset Value :   X = -3.7668 ,Y = -2.2990 mm
Alignment Mark :   (118.80,83.20),(-118.80,-83.20)
Alignment Mark Tolerant Distance :      1.6 mm
Notch Reserved Distance :   7.75 mm
Start Distance :   7.75 mm
Ring Edge :   3.0 mm
Photo Die Number:    4055

Power

Chip power efficienty: 6.6W/GHs @ 1.15 V
Module power consumption: 149W @ 20GHs / 164W@ 22GHs
Machine power consumption: 595W @ 220V-AC / 620W @ 120V-AC

Comfirmed working PSU list

For 2,3 modulars machine

For 4 modulars machine

The PSU Spec

155mm recommend, MAX: 170mm
For 3 module units: 650W, 48A 12V, at least. recommend for a 20% margin.
For 4 module units: 750W, 60A 12V, at least. recommend for a 20% margin.
Plugs:
- 1X ATX 24PIN
- 1X EPS 12V (8PIN)
- 2X PCIE 12V (8PIN)

The TP-LINK WR703N

Control Unit

PDU

Parts

User Guide

Connect your laptop to the eithernet port of the Avalon
Setup your laptop IP address 192.168.0.101
Open http://192.168.0.100
Make sure WR703N can access Internet, Configure WiFi: Network -> WIFI -> Scan(select your WIFI network) -> Join Network -> WPA passphrase -> Submit -> Save & Apply for connect to WIFI Internet
setup your mining worker: Status -> Cgminer Configuration.
Restart the cgminer service: System -> Startup,
Check your avalon status: Status -> Cgminer Status
Setup password/using ssh

ssh root@192.168.0.100 # Once you setup the password the telnet service will be stop. use ssh instead.

Cgminer status page

MinerCount: The small miner count, each modular have 8 miners
AsicCount: The asic count on each miner. it is fixed 10
Frequency: Chip running frequcney
Fan1/2/3: The fan speed round per minute
Temp1: The air-in temperature
Temp2/3: The air-out temperature
DH(%): Hardwre error rate
NMW: Non-match work count
Firmware: the Openwrt firmware version
Controller: The FPGA controller firmware version, 0: mean read nothing

Cgminer API LOG page

[match_work_count*]: the work matched to which miner. is the number is very low compare to others mean it is unhealth

Cgminer option

--avalon-options 115200:24:10:45:282:110. this is the default avalon option. here is the details:

115200: the serial baud. this have to match the controller baud.
24: the miner count.(there are 3 modulars in avalon. each modular have 8 miners), if your avalon have 4 modulars. change it to 32
10: the chip count pre miner.
45: the controller timeout parameter. the valid number: 50, 47, 45, 40.
282: the chip clock. the valid number: 256, 270, 282, 300, 325 , 350, 375
110: the latest cgminer support 110nm and 55nm, two type of Avalon.

Run cgminer manually

In case you need to run Cgminer in linux console please run the following command:

Restart Cgminer:

# /etc/init.d/cgminer restart

If your avalon does not mine properly, please run Cgminer in debug mode with -D --verbose option. For example:

# cgminer -o stratum.btcguild.com:3333 -O xxxx:yyyy -D --verbose --avalon-options 115200:24:10:45:282 --api-allow "W:0/0" --api-listen 2>/tmp/cgminer-debug.log

If you use cgminer 4.5.0, the command will like this:

# cgminer -o stratum.btcguild.com:3333 -O xxxx:yyyy -D --verbose --api-allow "W:0/0" --api-listen 2>/tmp/cgminer-debug.log

How to maintain cgminer-openwrt-packages for avalon

You must have an openwrt development environment and know how to compile an firmware. If you don't have an proper environment,you can try build-avalon-image.sh to get all you need for dev.

The following must be done under openwrt's root directory

Patch cgminer manually

make package/cgminer/{clean,prepare} V=s QUILT=1
cd build_dir/target-*/cgminer-*
quilt push -a
make package/cgminer/compile V=s

How to edit Patch

make package/cgminer/{clean,prepare} V=s QUILT=1
cd build_dir/target-*/cgminer-*
quilt push -a
quilt edit fileyouwanttoedit (you modify the file under last patch file)
make package/cgminer/compile V=s

if you finish patch work,then update patch like this make package/cgminer/update V=s

Patch for OpenWrt Reference

Working with patches

TP-LINK TL-WR703N

There is a modify version of TP-LINK TP-WR703N inside Avalon. cgminer running at 703n, this 703n have 64MB ram and modified power supply. it power from the usb-client side(we moved a 0R resistor from J1 to R113 for that)

Why there is a ugly USB HUB there? you can find more information about AR9331's usb stability issue here.

How to reflash

Download latest Avalon image to your PC.
Goto:

 System -> Backup / Flash Firmware -> Flash new firmware image (make sure Keep settings is checked)

Select the image you just download. then compare the md5 in next page. if everything fine. click Proceed

Attention: To avoid your WR703N become a brick, during flash your WR703N be careful DO NOT power off avalon, and DO NOT break your network connection. Just wait there till you see OpenWrt login web page again.

Attention: If not essential please do not re-Flash your Avalon. Because not all of WR703N issue could be resolved by reset button. If you want to play WR703N I would like to recommend you order a standalone TP-LINK WR703N from ebay or somewhere for studying purpose.

Raspberry Pi

Note: Make sure your RPI partition first, use this command: diskutil list

Flash SD Card for RPi(OS X)

Download latest Avalon image to your PC.
Use any terminal to input the following command

 diskutil umountDisk /dev/disk1
 sudo dd bs=1m if=openwrt-brcm2708-sdcard-vfat-ext4.img of=/dev/rdisk1

Flash SD Card for RPi(Linux)

Download latest Avalon image to your PC.
Then open the following

  http://wiki.openwrt.org/toh/raspberry_pi#flash.the.sd.card

WIFI or Ethernet Cable ?

Avalon shipped with a 9db antenna after connect it to WR703N usually could establish good wireless connection with your WIFI router. But if for some reason you would like to use Ethernet Cable to connect Avalon with your network, please login OpenWrt and configure the LAN port:

Network -> Interfaces -> LAN -> Edit -> Common Configuration -> General Setup
Disable the DHCP on Lan port

Attention: You need to configure it correctly based on your own network enviroment. If anything wrong you might could not access your WR703N any more.

Start to mine

To maximize your Avalon miner's performance, it is recommended that you choose pools with the stratum protocol supported. The default mining pool configured in Avalon is ozco.in. To change it login to OpenWrt:

Status -> Cgminer Configuration
Click "Save & Apply" to save your update and restart cgminer immediately

Currently the stratum pools that could work stable with Avalon are:

To get more information about how to configure specific pools, please check their website. If you run multiple Avalons, we recommend that you create a dedicated worker for each of them. This will make it easier to monitor your Avalons through the pool's website and identify possible problems.

Source code

FPGA controller

V1.0 ~ V1.2

About P5 jumper: close this jumper will supply 5V to the USB-B port. in this system, the controller board power the 703N from the client side. if you connect the controller itself to a PC, you better remove the jumper.

V1.5

Remove the F1(Fuse) for fix the USB-HUB chip overheat,

if you are batch2 user and your received Avalon between Apr 26 2013 ~ May 31 2013
the FPGA controller is 1.5
your FPGA contoller board still have F1 mounted

you need do this by yourself. removing F1 will not make the usb hub stop working, F1 powers the USB-A1 plug (which is normally unused), more info please checkout here

V1.51

Fixed USB-HUB chip overheat, NO NEEDS remove F1 anymore

V1.61

Some of batch3 macine will use new case and V1.61 FPGA controller (all new case have V1.61 FPGA controller)
New temperature sensors, mounted on PCB.
Move the Fan power from FPGA controller to PDU. reduce the interference.
Please DO NOT flash old fpga controller firmware to V1.61 controller board (new batch3 machine). it may make your Avalon not working.
LEDs

Left: Green --> Power-on, Red --> PSU issue, OFF: --> No power 
Right: Yellow --> FPGA Buffer empty(no task send out to fpga), OFF --> FPGA Buffer full(means mining)

Issues

If kernel cannot detect the ft232 chip. The probability is the QFN ft232 chip have soldering problem. then you need do a re-work on this FT232 QFN chip.
The task buffer LED never on.(Should be light when power on. off when cgminer start working). below is the correct led cable connector:

Update FPGA controller firmware

Using XC3SPROG

Update under Avalon 703N: http://downloads.canaan-creative.com/software/avalon/fpga-controller/
http://en.qi-hardware.com/w/images/f/ff/M1_JTAGserialpod_Pins.JPG

#mini-jtag load xc6slx16-2-ftg256.bscan_s6_spi_isf_ext.bit && sleep 1 && xc3sprog -c qi -v -I fpga_controller_2013-05-02-D.bit
xc3sprog -c qi xc6slx16-2-ftg256.bscan_s6_spi_isf_ext.bit && sleep 1 && xc3sprog -c qi -v -I fpga_controller_2013-05-02-D.bit
xc3sprog -c qi -v -I file.bin:R:0:bin
dd if=file.bin bs=68 skip=1 of=file2.bin
xc3sprog -c qi -v -I file2.bin:w:0:bin
rm -f file.bin file2.bin

Using Xilinx iMpact

Connect the board to your PC by using Xilinx platform cable USB taobao link
Open iMPACT
The cable will detect the Xilinx FPGA and the SPI flash automaticly.
Right click the SPI flash. choose: Assign New configuration File... and choose the file you want reflash. (a .mcs file)

 SPI PROM: W25Q80BV
 Data Width: 4

Right click the SPI flash. choose: Program
A green bar will come out when success finished.

P2Pool Operation with Avalon

Doing anything special is no longer required as of commit 11d63ef66. Since the recent P2Pool hardfork, dead-on-arrival rates of about 6% or more are normal. GPU rates are usually (1-2%). Mining with Avalons on P2Pool is nearly as efficient as solo mining.

About [usb 1-1: clear tt 1 (8030) error -71]

Not all 703n have this problem. ignore this section if you never meet this error

There is a power issue with the 703N, The 703N is drawing to much power it caused the USB HUB chip on Bitcointalk users Senseless's FPGA controller to nearly destroy itself. See the destruction here

In order to fix it you need had to power down the WiFi modem by disable it, use Eithernet instead. The kernel no long report -71 errors. thanks to Bitcointalk user Senseless and others who help on identify the issue.

If your avalon was far away from your router. eithernet cable not fit. you may want try those kind of devices
- TP-LINK TL-PA500(For mainland China) : http://www.tp-link.com.cn/product_adapter_263.html
- TP-LINK TL-PA511 : http://www.tp-link.com/en/products/details/?model=TL-PA511

Others

There is a pair of gloves in Avalon package. please put it on when assembling or carrying.

About the plastic sheets: please remove them BEFORE mining. we design the case as a part of heatsink, so remove the plastic sheets is a must

About FAN change: DO NOT change the fans to a low speed model. will cause over heat. DO NOT install extra fans at the rear "fan socket". will cause PSU over heat and nearly useless for module cooling.

About install extra heat-sinks on each avalon chip: please do not do that. there is a air gap between the die and package top, install a heatsink on chip is useless. and will cause overheating. because the top PCB copper act as a heatsink too. do not cover them.

About water cooling: yes, do it.

If you are overclocking, even just a little, and your Avalon stops functioning, and there are no visible signs of heat-related damage, consider testing and/or replacing the power supply. You should probably not be overclocking without a replacement PSU anyway. Make sure PSU is rated for 750W or more (if overclocking.)

Design Files

Firmware

Check your firmware version by goto Cgminer Status page
Latest Firmware is here
The Avalon firmware SDK: here

20140227

Update to cgminer 4.0.0
Thanks to GJPMiningco for building the firmware. please consider donate to him: 18n3voNMvBCAZFGmH8fnvQ3mMhNp33q8tX

20131229

Update Cgminer to latest(Version: 3.9.0)
Update OpenWrt to r38817
Add Avalon2 A3255 prototype machine support, new option for A3255, (A3255 frequency: 1000-2000Mhs).

20130923

Update Cgminer to latest(Version: 3.4.3 Latest commit: d5f61e9, Sep 22 2013), Cgminer Changelog
Update OpenWrt to r38031, Linux update to 3.10.12
Display new informations on status page, (include Device Hardware, Pool Quote and the FPGA controller firmware version)
Display share/help links for Avalon users, (this wiki page and IRC channel)

20130723

Update OpenWrt to r37008 (we have Linux version 3.8.13)
Update cgminer to 3.3.1 (Jun 21, 37815e0). new options for Avalon, please read API-README for more information.

--avalon-auto       Adjust avalon overclock frequency dynamically for best hashrate
--avalon-cutoff <arg> Set avalon overheat cut off temperature (default: 60)
--avalon-fan <arg>  Set fanspeed percentage for avalon, single value or range (default: 20-100)
--avalon-freq <arg> Set frequency range for avalon-auto, single value or range
--avalon-temp <arg> Set avalon target temperature (default: 50)

Add more overclock options (325, 350, 375)
Two new options on webui for the new batch3 machine, The batch3 machine have some hardware improvment, one is the temperature sensor was mounted on PCB. (no long glue to the heatsink) so the temperature will be ~20℃ higher compare to the old design (temperature tip) on same condition, so by default we set the:

 New  Batch3 Machine: Target Temperature to 70℃ and Overheat Cut Off Temperature to 90℃
 Before Batch3 Machine: Target Temperature to 50℃ and Overheat Cut Off Temperature to 70℃

- Target Temperature(--avalon-temp): The fan will goes to full speed when reach this temperature
- Overheat Cut Off Temperature(--avalon-cutoff): The avalon will idle chips when reach this temperature

20130607

Update cgminer to 3.2.1, we have the direct USB feature now.
Add --lowmem by default
cgminer-monitor: change the schedule from 5mins to 2mins
cgminer-monitor: switch from Diff1 work to Last Valid Work
Disable DHCP on lan port.
Remove custom DNS (8.8.8.8)
Some minor changes on web page

20130519

Update cgminer to 3.1.1
Add More Options on web configure page(you can add 4th,5th pool here now)
Disable hotplug. useless on Avalon
Include usbmon in firmware, prepare/debug for usb code, this was for developers
Dynamic display [match_work_count*] base on Modular Count
You may want add --real-quiet under Cgminer Configuration --> More Options after upgrade
Change 300MHS timeout from 40 to 43
Change Modular Count(3 ~ 4) to Miner Count(1 ~ 32) on webui
Switch buildhost from Ubuntu 12.10 to Debian 7.0.0
NOTE: If your Pool URLs have trailing slash remove the trailing slash (symptom is: [2013-06-04 19:05:30] Failed to resolve (?wrong URL) host.name.com:PORT/ and/or all Pools with trailing slash listed as DEAD in status)

20130419

Merged to cgminer. BIG thanks to conman. so we have all cgminer's improvment
Idle avalon chips after reset. for save power. (idle needs ~50W)
Fix the cgminer restart bug.
Fix temp/fan have wrong value(the wrong result from fpga controller)
Fix the fan control. now base on the max value of temp2/3
Fix no_matching_work only count in debug mode
Update cgminer-monitor, replace [Accept] with [Diff1 Work], add killall before restart.
Fix a typo on /usr/bin/cgminer-monitor
More check/fliter on result. this make Avalon more stable
New status page, new api log page.
Improve the cgminer service. a restart takes ~2 seconds now. no needs ntpd when restart
Quiet some improvments on software develop/codeing. compile Avalon firmware is much eaiser with build-avalon-image.sh
Frimware version:

[Firmware Version] => 20130419
cgminer-8e8313c
luci-28b4ff2
cgminer-openwrt-packages-f2bc5dc

20130321

For fix the cgminer-monitor, please run this command after you reflash

 sed -i 's/ $B / "$B" /' /usr/bin/cgminer-monitor

If you "check the Keep settings", you need fill API Allow to "W:127.0.0.1" after reflash, edit it here: "http://AVALON_IP/cgi-bin/luci/admin/status/cgminer/", "DO NOT" left it blank

If you "uncheck the Keep settings" when reflashing, Please "reconfigure your Avalon" after reflash

Update Linux from 3.6 to 3.8.3
Update OpenWrt to r36095
When there is no network. automatic idle chip after detect avalon, save power and protect your avalon overheat
Idle chip when cgminer close avalon
Add device_reinit support
Add frequency, modular configure on web ui
Add API Allow on web ui
Add pool balance on web ui, by default balance on all 3 pools
Add stratum+tcp:// by default
Display Frequency on status page
Fix the kern.err kernel: ... ath: phy0: ... bug
Fliter >=100 degree result for debug
Replace TempMax with No Matching Work

20130225

A new cgminer status page
/etc/avalon_version include all repo commit
Fix temp_history_count, make sure 2~3s call adjuest_fan

20130218

Update adjust_fan()
Using avaon default worker

20130212

Update fan pwm

20130205

Update fan pwm MAX/MIN
Sync with upstream, fix the memory leak bug
Monitor the Accept number

20130127

Add overclock code
Change the cgminer configure to UCI system
Add the simple web ui

20130117

Update OpenWRt to r35097
Update cgminer to 2.10.4
Remove /www/miner.php, change cgminer cron job to */5
Start ntpd before start cgminer

Test Plan

New firmware don't break Avalon for sure
New firmware don't use all flash. have to keep some space for save configuration
Either and WiFI connect works fine
Cgminer works fine(the kernel user driver, cgminer it self, cgminer-monitor and uci configurations files)
After configure cgminer. [Save & Apply] can restart the cgminer
The Status/API log page works fine
Test mining
Test the cgminer-monitor
Make sure 80/22/4028 open on WAN.
Make sure the hashrate same on both side: pool and cgminer

How to Compile Your Own Firmware for Avalon

1. First check if you have met the building prerequisites. Checkout this page first OpenWrt Buildroot – Installation

For example, if your OS is Ubuntu/Debian, install the required packages like this:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install  gawk flex quilt xsltproc  unzip subversion git-core build-essential libxml-parser-perl libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev libssl-dev liblua5.1-0-dev

2. Now get the source code, prepare the code and build. this needs ~6GB

wget https://raw.github.com/BitSyncom/avalon-extras/master/scripts/build-avalon-image.sh
chmod +x build-avalon-image.sh
./build-avalon-image.sh --clone #prepare the code and build, ONLY NEED ONCE
./build-avalon-image.sh

3. Update all repos

 ./build-avalon-image.sh --update

4. Only rebuild cgminer

./build-avalon-image.sh --cgminer

5. Finally you could get the freshly built firmware files under avalon/bin/

Compile with kernel usbmon

You need apply this patch to your OpenWrt for enable usbmon
Run make menuconfig goto Kernel modules --> USB Support enable kmod-usb-mon

Get help

First ask help from where you bought it. :-)
Read this document slowly
Try google.
IRC: #avalon @freenode.net Thanks to midnightmagic create that channel
Mailing list: http://lists.canaan-creative.com, Thanks to Will help on mailing list service.

FAQ

Why there is a USB hub inside?

Because the AR9331's usb stability issue

Where to buy?

http://avalon-asics.com/shop/

References

Links

Avalon project official website: http://ehash.com, http://www.canaan-creative.com
Avalon ASIC users thread
http://garzikrants.blogspot.de/2013/01/avalon-asic-miner-review.html
Jgarzik's solo mining configuration
Reverse-Engineering work on the TL-WR703N 150M 802.11n Wi-Fi Router
http://3.14.by/en/read/avalon-bitcoin-microscope-photos

Donation

Ngzhang0: 1kBGUHDxmSAegACRB6fcE2vrnVAfPJarW
Con Kolivas: 15qSxP1SQcUX3o4nhkfdbgyoWEFMomJ4rZ
Kanoi: 1KanoiBupPiZfkwqB7rfLXAzPnoTshAVmb
Xiangfu: 19BT2rcGStUK23vwrmF6y6s3ZWpxzQQn8x

@@ Line 186: / Line 186: @@
 == Raspberry Pi ==
+'''Note''': Make sure your RPI partition first, use this command: <span style="color:#FF0000">diskutil list</span>
 === Flash SD Card for RPi(OS X) ===
 # Download latest Avalon [http://downloads.canaan-creative.com/software/avalon2/latest/openwrt-brcm2708-sdcard-vfat-ext4.img image] to your PC.

Avalon1: Difference between revisions