Avalon6

Basic Information

Hashrate:
    3.5T (+-5%)

Power consumption:
    990W (measure on 12V port of the device)
    1100W (on the wall, with assumption of 90% power conversion ratio)

Power per hash:
    270J/THash (device only)
    295J/THash (on the wall, with assumption of 90% power conversion
ratio)

Overclocking:
    Support automatically optimize frequency, no need to overclock manually.

PSU output pin:
    4x6PIN PCIe power connector. *All must be connected.*

PSU requirements:
    Minimum 1100W output, recommend to use high-quality PSU for server
with more than 1200W output and high quality power cable.
    Input voltage no lower than 11.7V and no higher than 12.2V (numbers
take from the controller)
    Lower voltage leads to lower hashrate and higher voltage leads to
possible device burning down.
    NOTICE: Poor quality cable may result in low voltage.

Fan:
    Specs: 12038
    Current: between 1.6A and 2.8A.
    Minimum RPM: 3800.
    *NOTICE* If the fan is broken or the fan's RPM cannot be measure,
the device will not start.

Controller:
    Raspberry Pi (version B or B+)
    Raspberry Pi 2 will be supported at the middle of December 2015
    Each Rpi can control approximately ~12 devices.

AUC:
    Each AUC can connect up to 6 devices.

Dimensions:
    354x136x150mm

Net weight:
    ~4.8kg

Protection Degree:
    IP20

LED

Avalon6 LED

LED Status	MEMO
White	Power on
Blue	Working normally
Yellow blinking	Idle normally
Green blinking	Detect fan and mcu
White blinking	Turn on LED manually
Red blinking	Toohot/Loopback failed/PG failed/Coretest failed/Voltage error/Temperature sensor error/No fan

AUC2 LED

LED Status	MEMO
Blue	Initializing or Idle normally
Green	Working normally
Red	Communication failed

MM Error Codes

Query EC here

CODE	NAME	TYPE	MEMO	What to do
1	CODE_IDLE	WARN	Idle	Check if the network is ok or AUC is work normally
2	CODE_TOOHOT	FATAL	Too hot	Check if the fan is connect successfully
4	CODE_LOOP0FAILED	FATAL	Channel 0 loopback failed	Replace a new hash unit for channel 0 if PG0 is ok
8	CODE_LOOP1FAILED	FATAL	Channel 1 loopback failed	Replace a new hash unit for channel 1 if PG1 is ok
16	CODE_INVALIDMCU	FATAL	MCU cann't be detected	Replace a new CTRL board
32	CODE_NOSTRATUM	WARN	No stratum	Check if the network is ok or AUC is work normally
64	CODE_RBOVERFLOW	WARN	Nonce ringbuffer overflow	Ignore it please, If CGMiner is restart, It will be ok.
128	CODE_MMCRCFAILED	WARN	Ignore it please, If CGMiner is restart, It will be ok.	Find iic rx crc mismatch
256	CODE_MCUCRCFAILED	WARN	Find mcu rx irc mismatch	Ignore it please, If CGMiner is restart, It will be ok.
512	CODE_NOFAN	FATAL	Fan cann't be found	Check the fan connection
1024	CODE_PG0FAILED	FATAL	Channel 0 power good failed	Check the PSU for channel 0
2048	CODE_PG1FAILED	FATAL	Channel 1 power good failed	Check the PSU for channel 1
4096	CODE_CORETESTFAILED	FATAL	Find bad chip on channel 0 or channel 1	Replace a new hash unit if hash rate is too low, or else you can ignore it.
8192	CODE_ADC0_ERR	FATAL	Temperature sensor cann't be detected on channel 0	Replace a new hash unit for channel 0
16384	CODE_ADC1_ERR	FATAL	Temperature sensor cann't be detected on channel 1	Replace a new hash unit for channel 1
32768	CODE_VOL_ERR	FATAL	MM is not permit to run at the voltage for safety	Change another PSU for the machine

TYPE meaning:

 WARN-It designates potentially harmful situations, but you can ignore it.
 FATAL-It designates very severe error events that will presumably lead the Avalon6 to crash.

Firmware

RPi Firmware

20151225

• OpenWrt:Update to 15.05
• OpenWrt:Support Raspberry Pi 2 Model B
• LuCI:Sync with for-15.05 branch (ab31abd244979d1ff234a15a4a3cf69ac1b73688)
• CGMiner:Sync with ckolivas's master (5a456afbfa028162060afd66636b7cb266b35a53)
• CGMiner:Add more options for smartspeed (Only support MM version >= 601512-xxxxxxxx)

20151111

• CGMiner:Fix divide by zero in Avalon4 driver
• CGMiner:Add stratum difficulty in pool api
• CGMiner:Update option for Avalon6
• CGMiner:Update Vol api display in Avalon4 driver for Avalon6
• CGMiner:Update fan adjust for Avalon6
• CGMiner:Update target temp settting for Avalon6
• LuCI:Update display information for Avalon6
• LuCI:Update device name for Avalon6
• LuCI:Update CGMiner configuration for Avalon6
• LuCI:Update CGMiner setting for Avalon theme

20151031

• Fix nonce counter for multiple miners
• Display ASIC counts as TA in CGMiner status
• Update maximum difficulty for Avalon4 and Avalon6
• Update temperature check for Avalon6
• Add GHSmm for hash rate comparison
• Display PLL information for Avalon6
• Turn on nonce check as default for Avalon6
• Correct on voltage decode
• Enable adjust frequency automatically as default for Avalon6
• Decode voltage and temperature decode for Avalon6
• Support err code for Avalon6

20151001

• First version of Avalon6 firmware

NEXT-TESTING

• NOTICE: Only for testing
• Fix duplicate address
• Update GHS counter to fix the gap between miner and mm
• Add a new smart speed option

MM Firmware

2015-12-28

• Version 601512-57532250
• Fix:Don't touch fan by miner when mm is too hot
• Fix:Update idle process with toohot detect, stratum detect, and invalid mcu protect
• Fix:Fix coretest failed cause by incorrect pll setting
• Update:Update API_TIMEOUT_CONST
• Add:Support adjust freq by CGMiner when mm is working

2015-11-24

• Version 601511-f4f59c70
• Update Core test check rules
• Update Input voltage check rules (Input voltage should not >= 12.8V)
• Fix result when run test scripts

2015-11-11

• Version 601511-e3d244c0
• Add voltage range detect
• Check maximum rpm when detect fan polar
• Check temp for bad ntc resistor
• Check voltage when MM is starting
• Monitor powergood when power on
• Update temperature check
• Update nonce process
• Update frequency table
• Fix conflict address
• Enable 25MHz clock for debug purpose
• Disable pll when if miner is invalid when process FREQ_WORK

2015-10-31

• Version 601510-afa837a0
• Update IIC and UART communication
• Support core test by AVA4_P_TEST
• Update ASIC_FREQMIN to 100MHz
• Detect ASIC counts by LOOPBACK
• Fix upgrade failed caused by i2c FIFO overflow
• Update timer function
• Use GPIO led as address indicator
• Always disable the invalid miner when PG or LOOPBACK failed
• Add PLL status in P_STATUS_M
• Add err code
• Support ADC capture
• Keep free run if MCU can't be detected
• Update led status
• Rewrite boot loader with c code

2015-09-30

• Version 601509-a2613610
• First MM firmware for Avalon6.0 S
• Support 2 miners
• Detect asic counts when start
• Support target filter

NEXT-TESTING

• NOTICE: Only for testing

MCU Firmware

2015-10-31

• Version 6C1508-afa837a0
• For adc and temperature capture use MM protocal

AUC2 Firmware

20151208

• AUC version: AUC-20151208
• First release

NEXT-TESTING

• NOTICE: Only for testing

Software Development

Controller firmware

CGMiner Under Ubuntu 14.04

#Inside your home directory, download Cgminer
git clone https://github.com/Canaan-Creative/cgminer
cd cgminer
git checkout origin/avalon4 -b avalon4
./autogen.sh --enable-avalon4
make -j 4
# Run
sudo ./cgminer --avalon4-freq 200 --avalon4-voltage 7125 -o http://stratum.pool:3333 -u  work -p pass 
or
sudo ./cgminer --avalon4-freq 200 --avalon4-voltage 7125 -o http://stratum.pool:3333 -u  work -p pass --api-allow W:192.168.2,W:192.168.2.1 --api-listen $@ 2>./log

Frequency Statechart

MM

Avalon6 TB2

$ make -C firmware PLATFORM=MM60_TB2

Avalon6.0 S

$ make -C firmware

AUC2

USB Bootloader

Support USB-DFU Mode

We can use dfu-util under Ubuntu 14.04 or later updata new firmware for AUC2.

Using USB-DFU Protocol

DFU Device Descriptor

Offset	Field	Size	Value	Descripton
0	bLength	1	12h	Size of this descriptor,in bytes.
1	bDescriptorType	1	01h	DEVICE descriptor type.
2	bcdUSB	2	0100h	USB specification release number in binary coded decimal.
4	bDeviceClass	1	00h	See interface.
5	bDeviceSubClass	1	00h	See interface
6	bDeviceProtocol	1	00h	See interface.
7	bMaxPacketSize0	1	8,16,32,64	Maximum packet size for endpoint.
8	idVendor	2	ID	Vendor ID. Assigned by the USB-IF.
10	idProduct	2	ID	Product ID. Assigned by manufacturer.
12	bcdDevice	2	BCD	Device release number in binary coded decimal.
14	iManufacturer	1	index	index of string descriptor.
15	iProduct	1	index	index of string descriptor.
16	iSerialNumber	1	index	index of string descriptor.
17	bNumConfigurations	1	01h	One configuration only for DFU.

DFU Interface Descriptor

Offset	Field	Size	Value	Descripton
0	bLength	1	09h	Size of this descriptor,in bytes.
1	bDescriptorType	1	04h	INTERFACE descriptor type.
2	bInterfaceNumber	1	Number	Number of this interface.
3	bAlternateSetting	1	00h	Alternate setting. Must be zero.
4	bNumEndpoints	1	00h	Only the control pipe is used.
5	bInterfaceClass	1	FEh	Application Specific Class Code.
6	bInterfaceSubClass	1	01h	Device Firmware Upgrade Code.
7	bInterfaceProtocol	1	01h	Runtime protocol.
8	iInterface	1	index	Index of string descriptor for this interface.

DFU Functional Descriptor

Offset	Field	Size	Value	Descripton
0	bLength	1	09h	Size of this descriptor,in bytes.
1	bDescriptorType	1	21h	DFU FUNCTIONAL descriptor type.
2	bmAttributes	1	Bit mask	DFU attributes Bit 7……4: reserved Bit 3: device will perform a bus detach-attach sequence when it receives a DFU_DETACH request. The host must not issue a USB Reset. (bitWillDetach) 0 = no 1 = yes Bit 2: device is able to communicate via USB afeter Manifestation phase.(bitManifestationTolerant) 0 = no, must see bus reset 1 = yes Bit1: upload capable(bitCanUpload) 0 = no 1 = yes Bit0: download capable(bitCanDnload) 0 = no 1 = yes
3	wDetachTimeOut	2	Number	Time,in milliseconds, that the device will wait after receipt of the DFU_DETACH request. if this time elapses without a USB reaset, then the device will terminate the Reconfiguration phase and revert back to normal operation . This repreents the maximum time that the device can wait(depending on its timers, etc.).The host may specify a shorter timeout in the DFU_DETACH request.
5	wTransferSize	2	Number	Maximum number of bytes that the device can accept per control-write transaction.
7	bcdDFUVersion	2	BCD	Numeric expression identifying the version of the DFU Specification release.

DFU Mode Interface Descriptor

Offset	Field	Size	Value	Descripton
0	bLength	1	09h	Size of this descriptor,in bytes.
1	bDescriptorType	1	04h	INTERFACE descriptor type.
2	bInterfaceNumber	1	Number	Number of this interface.
3	bAlternateSetting	1	00h	Alternate setting. Must be zero.
4	bNumEndpoints	1	00h	Only the control pipe is used.
5	bInterfaceClass	1	FEh	Application Specific Class Code.
6	bInterfaceSubClass	1	01h	Device Firmware Upgrade Code.
7	bInterfaceProtocol	1	02h	DFU mode protocol.
8	iInterface	1	index	Index of string descriptor for this interface.

USB-DFU Product's USB Descriptor

DFU Updata Process Diagram

Judge Updating Program Or Application Program

I used a updata flag which is a four bytes word and is writed at fixd flash address (0x8000 - 4)

The flag's value is 0xAABBCCDD

When the bootloader program run, first it judge the updata flag, if the updata falg is not equal 0xAABBCCDD, it will jump to application program.
Otherwise it will run to updata program.

Jump To Application Program

When we don't want to updata application program, the bootloader program should run to application program.

In order to achieve this goal, we can add under code in your bootloader program.

asm volatile("ldr r0, =0x4000"); //"the 0x4000 is my application program's MSP point, you must change it adapt to your"
asm volatile("ldr r0, [r0]");
asm volatile("mov sp, r0");
    
asm volatile("ldr r0, =0x4004"); //"the 0x4004 is my application program reset-function entry address, you must change it adapt to your"
asm volatile("ldr r0, [r0]");
asm volatile("mov pc, r0");

Modify dfu-util For Ubuntu 14.04

#Inside your home directory, download dfu-util

git clone git://git.openezx.org/dfu-util.git

open dfu-util/src/dfu_load.c

add this instruction "milli_sleep(200);" under line 134

cd dfu-util

./autogen.sh

./configure

make

The resulting binary is dfu-util/src/dfu-util.

Add DFU In AUC2 Firmware

Modify The AUC2 Firmware Flash And RAM Address

1. We modify the Flash start address at 0x4000, because the bootloader's size is 0x4000.

2. We modify the RAM start address at 0x10000200, because we remap the NVIC table at the RAM 0x10000000,
   and the NVIC table size is 0x200 bytes.

3. We modify the *.ld file. And my *.ld file is avalon-usb-converter.ld, you can find your *.ld file.

Before Modification

After Modification

MEMORY { /* Define each memory region */ MFlash32 (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x0, LENGTH = 0x8000 /* 32K bytes */ RamLoc4 (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x10000000, LENGTH = 0x1000 /* 4K bytes */ RamUsb2 (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x20004000, LENGTH = 0x800 /* 2K bytes */ } /* Define a symbol for the top of each memory region */ __top_MFlash32 = 0x0 + 0x8000; __top_RamLoc4 = 0x1000000 + 0x1000; __top_RamUsb2 = 0x20004000 + 0x800;

MEMORY { /* Define each memory region */ MFlash32 (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x4000, LENGTH = 0x4000 /* 16K bytes */ RamLoc4 (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x10000200, LENGTH = 0xe00 /* 3.5K bytes */ RamUsb2 (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x20004000, LENGTH = 0x800 /* 2K bytes */ } /* Define a symbol for the top of each memory region */ __top_MFlash32 = 0x4000 + 0x4000; __top_RamLoc4 = 0x10000200 + 0xe00; __top_RamUsb2 = 0x20004000 + 0x800;

Remap The NVIC Table

1. Add Under Function Code In Your Program.

   /* copy the nvic table to ram */
   static void copy_nvic_to_ram(void)
   {
       volatile uint32_t *dst, size;
       volatile const uint32_t *src;

       src = (volatile uint32_t *)APP_START_ADDR;//APP_START_ADDR Is The Application Program's Start Address. 
       dst = (volatile uint32_t *)RAM_START_ADDR;//RAM_START_ADDR Is The RAM Start Address.
       size = NVIC_TABLE_LEN >> 2;//NVIC_TABLE_LEN Is The NVIC Table's Size.
       do {
           *dst++ = *src++;
       } while (--size);

       /* NVIC remap to RAM */
       Chip_SYSCTL_Map(0x01);

   }

2. Config The Register To Remap NVIC Table To RAM

More See UM10462 LPC11U3x/2x/1x User manual,At The Page 22.

Issues

1. About Bootloader USB Descriptor:

Note the DFU Functional Descriptor' wTransferSize size, It must equal the USBD_DFU_INIT_PARAM_T's wTransferSize.

2. About IAP Transmission Data Size

The data size should be 256 or 512 or 1024 or 4096 Bytes.

3. About IAP Transmission Data Address

The data address should be a 256 byte boundary.

3. Why sometimes updata failed ?

Now, I didn't find the real reason. But, I think the reason is the time of communication is not correct. 

3. Why sometimes updata finished, but the program don't run normally ?

I think that I didn't check the flash address and the data address are right.

I will add the check in the program later.

References And Links

• LPCXpress IDE Download
• See More About DFU Protocol
• Source Code
• USBD ROM Stack
• LPC11U1X User Manual
• LPCOpen sourcecode
• LPCOpen docs
• LPC11U14 Rev A Schematic
• Errata sheet LPC11U1x
• Using command line GDB

TODO

1. Commit cgminer package for OpenWrt packages

CGMiner

1. Support a new SmartSpeed way
2. Update local hash rate calculate method
3. Fix duplicate mm address
4. Support 5 or 6 mm running stably

MM

1. Fix duplicate mm address

Known Issues

1. MM can be upgrade by mismatch firmware.
2. local hashrate (GHS av) cann't match with the pool's hashrate
3. Use 5 or more modules in one AUC will cause MM idle periodically.
4. Duplicate MM address

FAQ

1. How to deal with the red blinking machine?

2. How to boot the machine or hashboard unit safely?