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| <pre>
| | #REDIRECT [[BIP_0021]] |
| BIP: 20
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| Title: URI Scheme
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| Author: Luke Dashjr <luke+bip@dashjr.org>
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| Status: Final
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| Type: Standards Track
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| Created: 10-01-2011
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| </pre>
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| BIP 0020 is based off an earlier document by Nils Schneider.
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| | |
| ==Abstract==
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| This BIP proposes a URI scheme for making Bitcoin payments.
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| ==Motivation==
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| The purpose of this URI scheme is to enable users to easily make payments by simply clicking links on webpages or scanning QR Codes.
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| ==Specification==
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| === General rules for handling (important!) ===
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| Bitcoin clients MUST NOT act on URIs without getting the user's authorization.
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| They SHOULD require the user to manually approve each payment individually, though in some cases they MAY allow the user to automatically make this decision.
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| === Operating system integration ===
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| Graphical bitcoin clients SHOULD register themselves as the handler for the "bitcoin:" URI scheme by default, if no other handler is already registered. If there is already a registered handler, they MAY prompt the user to change it once when they first run the client.
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| | |
| === BNF grammar ===
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| (See also [[#Simpler syntax|a simpler representation of syntax]])
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| bitcoinurn = "bitcoin:" bitcoinaddress [ ";version=" bitcoinversion ] [ "?" bitcoinparams ]
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| bitcoinaddress = base58 *base58
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| bitcoinversion = "1.0"
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| bitcoinparams = *bitcoinparam
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| bitcoinparam = amountparam | labelparam | messageparam | sendparam | otherparam
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| amountparam = "amount=" amount
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| amount = amountdecimal | amounthex
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| amountdecimal = *digit [ "." *digit ] [ "X" *digit ]
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| amounthex = "x" *hexdigit [ "." *hexdigit ] [ "X" *hexdigit ]
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| labelparam = "label=" *pchar
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| messageparam = "message=" *pchar
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| sendparam = "send=" *pchar
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| otherparam = pchar *pchar "=" *pchar
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| | |
| === Query Keys ===
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| *label: Label for that address (e.g. name of receiver)
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| *address: bitcoin address
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| *message: message that shown to the user after scanning the QR code
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| *size: amount of base bitcoin units ([[#Transfer amount/size|see below]])
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| *send: used to send bitcoin, rather than to request them
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| *(others): optional, for future extensions
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| ==== Transfer amount/size ====
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| If an amount is provided, it may be specified either in decimal or, when prefixed with a single "x" character, hexadecimal.
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| The number SHOULD be followed by "X" <digits> to signify an exponent to the base multiplier.
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| Thus, "X8" multiplies your number by 100,000,000.
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| For decimal values, this means the standard BTC unit.
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| For hexadecimal values, this means ᵇTBC units (which are equivalent to 42.94967296 BTC).
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| If exponent is omitted, implementations SHOULD assume X8 for decimal numbers, and X4 for hexadecimal numbers.
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| I.e. amount=50.00 is treated as 50 BTC, and amount=x40 is treated as 40 TBC.
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| When specifying bitcoin base units, "X0" SHOULD be used.
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| Bitcoin clients MAY display the amount in any format that is not intended to deceive the user.
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| They SHOULD choose a format that is foremost least confusing, and only after that most reasonable given the amount requested.
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| For example, so long as the majority of users work in BTC units, values should always be displayed in BTC by default, even if mBTC or TBC would otherwise be a more logical interpretation of the amount.
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| == Rationale ==
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| ===Payment identifiers, not person identifiers===
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| Current best practices are that a unique address should be used for every transaction.
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| Therefore, a URI scheme should not represent an exchange of personal information, but a one-time payment.
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| ===Accessibility (URI scheme name)===
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| Should someone from the outside happen to see such a URI, the URI scheme name already gives a description.
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| A quick search should then do the rest to help them find the resources needed to make their payment.
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| Other proposed names sound much more cryptic; the chance that someone googles that out of curiosity are much slimmer.
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| Also, very likely, what he will find are mostly technical specifications - not the best introduction to bitcoin.
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| ==Forward compatibility==
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| We want URIs generated in 2011 to still work in 2036: think about extensibility.
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| Of course we can make only educated guesses about the future, but don't act as if there is none.
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| This should be the best we can do, but it should not be seen as set in stone.
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| Make it possible for later generations to improve our work, to mend our errors, without breaking the URIs created now.
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| == Appendix ==
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| === Simpler syntax ===
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| This section is non-normative and does not cover all possible syntax.
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| Please see the [[#BNF grammar|BNF grammar]] above for the normative syntax.
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| [foo] means optional, <bar> are placeholders
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| bitcoin:<address>[;version=1.0][?amount=<amount>][?label=<label>][?message=<message>][?send=<private key>]
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| === Examples ===
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| Just the address:
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| bitcoin:1NS17iag9jJgTHD1VXjvLCEnZuQ3rJEDGL
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| Address with name:
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| bitcoin:1NS17iag9jJgTHD1VXjvLCEnZuQ3rJEDGL?label=Luke-Jr
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| Request 20.30 BTC to "Luke-Jr":
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| bitcoin:1NS17iag9jJgTHD1VXjvLCEnZuQ3rJEDGL?amount=20.3X8&label=Luke-Jr
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| Request 400 TBC:
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| bitcoin:1NS17iag9jJgTHD1VXjvLCEnZuQ3rJEDGL?amount=x400X4
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| Request 4000 TBC:
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| bitcoin:1NS17iag9jJgTHD1VXjvLCEnZuQ3rJEDGL?amount=x4X7
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| Request 5 uBTC:
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| bitcoin:1NS17iag9jJgTHD1VXjvLCEnZuQ3rJEDGL?amount=5X2
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| Request 50 BTC with message:
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| bitcoin:1NS17iag9jJgTHD1VXjvLCEnZuQ3rJEDGL?amount=50X8&label=Luke-Jr&message=Donation%20for%20project%20xyz
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| Send 1 BTC:
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| bitcoin:1NS17iag9jJgTHD1VXjvLCEnZuQ3rJEDGL?amount=1X8&send=S4b3N3oGqDqR5jNuxEvDwf
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| Characters must be URI encoded properly.
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| ===Sending money via private key===
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| To send a payment to someone else first construct a new keypair. You may want to use a [[mini private key format]], or you may also use a full private key for more security depending on the amount being sent and how long you expect to pass before a claim. Now create and publish a transaction with an output of the amount you wish to send. Use this script in that output:
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| <pubkey> OP_CHECKSIG
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| Construct an address from the public key. Encode the URI as below:
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| bitcoin:<address>?send=<base 58 encoded private key>
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| You may optionally include amount or message fields as well. In a wallet to claim money sent this way search for an incoming transaction with the output script form above, where <address> matches the public key in the script. When you find the transaction create a claim transaction with an input script of this form:
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| <sig>
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| This claims the money you were sent. Until your claim transaction has confirmed the sender may take their money back.
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| == Reference Implementations ==
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| === Bitcoin clients ===
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| * [[Spesmilo]] supports all valid Bitcoin URIs, with Windows and KDE integration
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| === Parsing amount ===
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| ==== ECMAScript ====
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| reAmount = /^(([\d.]+)(X(\d+))?|x([\da-f]*)(\.([\da-f]*))?(X([\da-f]+))?)$/i;
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| function parseAmount(txt) {
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| var m = txt.match(reAmount);
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| return m[5] ? (
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| (
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| parseInt(m[5], 16) +
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| (m[7] ? (parseInt(m[7], 16) * Math.pow(16, -(m[7].length))) : 0)
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| ) * (
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| m[9] ? Math.pow(16, parseInt(m[9], 16)) : 0x10000
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| )
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| ) : (
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| m[2]
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| *
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| (m[4] ? Math.pow(10, m[4]) : 1e8)
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| );
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| }
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| | |
| ==== Python ====
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| m = re.match(r'^(([\d.]+)(X(\d+))?|x([\da-f]*)(\.([\da-f]*))?(X([\da-f]+))?)$', amount, re.IGNORECASE)
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| if m.group(5):
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| amount = float(int(m.group(5), 16))
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| if m.group(7):
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| amount += float(int(m.group(7), 16)) * pow(16, -(len(m.group(7))))
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| if m.group(9):
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| amount *= pow(16, int(m.group(9), 16))
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| else:
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| amount *= 0x10000
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| else:
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| amount = Decimal(m.group(2))
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| if m.group(4):
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| amount *= 10 ** int(m.group(4))
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| else:
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| amount *= 100000000
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| | |
| ==== C# ====
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| Regex amountExpression = new Regex(@"^(([\d.]+)(X(\d+))?|x([\da-f]*)(\.([\da-f]*))?(X([\da-f]+))?)$", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
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| Match match = amountExpression.Match(value);
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| if (match.Success)
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| {
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| if (match.Groups[5].Success)
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| {
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| long hexDecimal = 0;
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| if (match.Groups[7].Success)
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| hexDecimal = Convert.ToInt64(match.Groups[7].Value, 16) * (long)Math.Pow(16, -match.Groups[7].Length);
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|
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| long hexExponent = 0x10000;
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| if (match.Groups[9].Success)
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| hexExponent = (long)Math.Pow(16, Convert.ToInt32(match.Groups[9].Value, 16));
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|
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| Amount = (Convert.ToInt64(match.Groups[5].Value, 16) + hexDecimal) * hexExponent;
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| }
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| else
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| {
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| long decimalExponent = 100000000;
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| if (match.Groups[4].Success)
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| decimalExponent = (long)Math.Pow(10, int.Parse(match.Groups[4].Value));
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| Amount = (long)(decimal.Parse(match.Groups[2].Value) * decimalExponent);
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| }
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| }
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| [[Category:Developer]]
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| [[Category:Technical]]
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| [[Category:BIP|D]] | |