Bitcoin Wiki - User contributions [en]

List of address prefixes

2018-06-09T22:14:41Z

Styil: Added Bech32 info

Blockchain-based currencies use encoded strings, which are in a [[Base58Check encoding]] with the exception of [[Bech32]] encodings. The encoding includes a prefix (traditionally a single ''version byte''), which affects the leading symbol(s) in the encoded result. The following is a list of some prefixes which are in use in the reference Bitcoin codebase.<ref>https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/0.14/src/chainparams.cpp#L129-L131</ref><ref>https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/0.14/src/chainparams.cpp#L229-L231</ref><ref>https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/0.14/src/chainparams.cpp#L325-L327</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Decimal prefix
!Hex
!Example use
!Leading symbol(s)
!Example
|-
|0
|00
|Pubkey hash ([[Transaction#Pay-to-PubkeyHash|P2PKH address]])
|1
|<tt>17VZNX1SN5NtKa8UQFxwQbFeFc3iqRYhem</tt>
|-
|5
|05
|Script hash ([[Pay to script hash|P2SH address]])
|3
| <tt>3EktnHQD7RiAE6uzMj2ZifT9YgRrkSgzQX</tt>
|-
|128
|80
|Private key ([[Wallet import format|WIF]], uncompressed pubkey)
|5
|<tt>5Hwgr3u458GLafKBgxtssHSPqJnYoGrSzgQsPwLFhLNYskDPyyA</tt>
|-
|128
|80
|Private key (WIF, compressed pubkey)
|K ''or'' L
|<tt>L1aW4aubDFB7yfras2S1mN3bqg9nwySY8nkoLmJebSLD5BWv3ENZ</tt>
|-
|4 136 178 30
|0488B21E
|[[BIP 0032|BIP32]] pubkey
|xpub
|<tt>xpub661MyMwAqRbcEYS8w7XLSVeEsBXy79zSzH1J8vCdxAZningWLdN3
zgtU6LBpB85b3D2yc8sfvZU521AAwdZafEz7mnzBBsz4wKY5e4cp9LB</tt>
|-
|4 136 173 228
|0488ADE4
|BIP32 private key
|xprv
|<tt>xprv9s21ZrQH143K24Mfq5zL5MhWK9hUhhGbd45hLXo2Pq2oqzMMo63o
StZzF93Y5wvzdUayhgkkFoicQZcP3y52uPPxFnfoLZB21Teqt1VvEHx</tt>
|-
|111
|6F
|Testnet pubkey hash
|m ''or'' n
|<tt>mipcBbFg9gMiCh81Kj8tqqdgoZub1ZJRfn</tt>
|-
|196
|C4
|Testnet script hash
|2
|<tt>2MzQwSSnBHWHqSAqtTVQ6v47XtaisrJa1Vc</tt>
|-
|239
|EF
|Testnet Private key (WIF, uncompressed pubkey)
|9
|<tt>92Pg46rUhgTT7romnV7iGW6W1gbGdeezqdbJCzShkCsYNzyyNcc</tt>
|-
|239
|EF
|Testnet Private key (WIF, compressed pubkey)
|c
|<tt>cNJFgo1driFnPcBdBX8BrJrpxchBWXwXCvNH5SoSkdcF6JXXwHMm</tt>
|-
|4 53 135 207
|043587CF
|Testnet BIP32 pubkey
|tpub
|<tt>tpubD6NzVbkrYhZ4WLczPJWReQycCJdd6YVWXubbVUFnJ5KgU5MDQrD9
98ZJLNGbhd2pq7ZtDiPYTfJ7iBenLVQpYgSQqPjUsQeJXH8VQ8xA67D</tt>
|-
|4 53 131 148
|04358394
|Testnet BIP32 private key
|tprv
|<tt>tprv8ZgxMBicQKsPcsbCVeqqF1KVdH7gwDJbxbzpCxDUsoXHdb6SnTPY
xdwSAKDC6KKJzv7khnNWRAJQsRA8BBQyiSfYnRt6zuu4vZQGKjeW4YF</tt>
|-
|
|
|Bech32 pubkey hash or script hash
|bc1
|<tt>bc1qw508d6qejxtdg4y5r3zarvary0c5xw7kv8f3t4</tt>
|-
|
|
|Bech32 testnet pubkey hash or script hash
|tbc1
|<tt>tb1qw508d6qejxtdg4y5r3zarvary0c5xw7kxpjzsx</tt>
|}

Note that private keys for compressed and uncompressed bitcoin public keys use the same version byte. The reason for the compressed form starting with a different character is because a 0x01 byte is appended to the private key before base58 encoding.

The following table shows the leading symbol(s) and address length(s) for 160 bit hashes for each of the possible decimal version values:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Decimal version
!Leading symbol
!Address length
|-
|0
|1
|up to 34
|-
|1
|Q-Z, a-k, m-o
|33
|-
|2
|o-z, 2
|33 or 34
|-
|3
|2
|34
|-
|4
|2 or 3
|34
|-
|5-6
|3
|34
|-
|7
|3 or 4
|34
|-
|8
|4
|34
|-
|9
|4 or 5
|34
|-
|10-11
|5
|34
|-
|12
|5 or 6
|34
|-
|13
|6
|34
|-
|14
|6 or 7
|34
|-
|15-16
|7
|34
|-
|17
|7 or 8
|34
|-
|18
|8
|34
|-
|19
|8 or 9
|34
|-
|20-21
|9
|34
|-
|22
|9 or A
|34
|-
|23
|A
|34
|-
|24
|A or B
|34
|-
|25-26
|B
|34
|-
|27
|B or C
|34
|-
|28
|C
|34
|-
|29
|C or D
|34
|-
|30-31
|D
|34
|-
|32
|D or E
|34
|-
|33
|E
|34
|-
|34
|E or F
|34
|-
|35-36
|F
|34
|-
|37
|F or G
|34
|-
|38
|G
|34
|-
|39
|G or H
|34
|-
|40-41
|H
|34
|-
|42
|H or J
|34
|-
|43
|J
|34
|-
|44
|J or K
|34
|-
|45-46
|K
|34
|-
|47
|K or L
|34
|-
|48
|L
|34
|-
|49
|L or M
|34
|-
|50-51
|M
|34
|-
|52
|M or N
|34
|-
|53
|N
|34
|-
|54
|N or P
|34
|-
|55-56
|P
|34
|-
|57
|P or Q
|34
|-
|58
|Q
|34
|-
|59
|Q or R
|34
|-
|60-61
|R
|34
|-
|62
|R or S
|34
|-
|63
|S
|34
|-
|64
|S or T
|34
|-
|65-66
|T
|34
|-
|67
|T or U
|34
|-
|68
|U
|34
|-
|69
|U or V
|34
|-
|70-71
|V
|34
|-
|72
|V or W
|34
|-
|73
|W
|34
|-
|74
|W or X
|34
|-
|75-76
|X
|34
|-
|77
|X or Y
|34
|-
|78
|Y
|34
|-
|79
|Y or Z
|34
|-
|80-81
|Z
|34
|-
|82
|Z or a
|34
|-
|83
|a
|34
|-
|84
|a or b
|34
|-
|85
|b
|34
|-
|86
|b or c
|34
|-
|87-88
|c
|34
|-
|89
|c or d
|34
|-
|90
|d
|34
|-
|91
|d or e
|34
|-
|92-93
|e
|34
|-
|94
|e or f
|34
|-
|95
|f
|34
|-
|96
|f or g
|34
|-
|97-98
|g
|34
|-
|99
|g or h
|34
|-
|100
|h
|34
|-
|101
|h or i
|34
|-
|102-103
|i
|34
|-
|104
|i or j
|34
|-
|105
|j
|34
|-
|106
|j or k
|34
|-
|107-108
|k
|34
|-
|109
|k or m
|34
|-
|110
|m
|34
|-
|111
|m or n
|34
|-
|112-113
|n
|34
|-
|114
|n or o
|34
|-
|115
|o
|34
|-
|116
|o or p
|34
|-
|117-118
|p
|34
|-
|119
|p or q
|34
|-
|120
|q
|34
|-
|121
|q or r
|34
|-
|122-123
|r
|34
|-
|124
|r or s
|34
|-
|125
|s
|34
|-
|126
|s or t
|34
|-
|127-128
|t
|34
|-
|129
|t or u
|34
|-
|130
|u
|34
|-
|131
|u or v
|34
|-
|132-133
|v
|34
|-
|134
|v or w
|34
|-
|135
|w
|34
|-
|136
|w or x
|34
|-
|137-138
|x
|34
|-
|139
|x or y
|34
|-
|140
|y
|34
|-
|141
|y or z
|34
|-
|142-143
|z
|34
|-
|144
|z or 2
|34 or 35
|-
|145-255
|2
|35
|}

== References ==
<references />

{{Bitcoin Core documentation}}

Comparison of mining pools

2018-03-15T00:46:35Z

Styil: Fixed typo, "amoutripnt of BC" -> "amount of BTC"

Reward types & explanation:
* '''CPPSRB''' - Capped Pay Per Share with Recent Backpay. [http://eligius.st/wiki/index.php/Capped_PPS_with_Recent_Backpay]
* '''DGM''' - Double Geometric Method. A hybrid between PPLNS and Geometric reward types that enables to operator to absorb some of the variance risk. Operator receives portion of payout on short rounds and returns it on longer rounds to normalize payments. [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=39497.0]
* '''ESMPPS''' - Equalized Shared Maximum Pay Per Share. Like SMPPS, but equalizes payments fairly among all those who are owed. [http://forum.bitcoin.org/index.php?topic=12181.msg378851#msg378851]
* '''POT''' - Pay On Target. A high variance PPS variant that pays on the difficulty of work returned to pool rather than the difficulty of work served by pool [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=131376.0]
* '''PPLNS''' - Pay Per Last N Shares. Similar to proportional, but instead of looking at the number of shares in the round, instead looks at the last N shares, regardless of round boundaries.
* '''PPLNSG''' - Pay Per Last N Groups (or shifts). Similar to PPLNS, but shares are grouped into "shifts" which are paid as a whole.
* '''PPS''' - Pay Per Share. Each submitted share is worth certain amount of BTC. Since finding a block requires <current difficulty> shares ''on average'', a PPS method with 0% fee would be 12.5 BTC divided by <current difficulty>. It is risky for pool operators, hence the fee is highest.
* '''Prop.''' - Proportional. When block is found, the reward is distributed among all workers proportionally to how much shares each of them has found.
* '''RSMPPS''' - Recent Shared Maximum Pay Per Share. Like SMPPS, but system aims to prioritize the most recent miners first. [http://eligius.st/wiki/index.php/Shared_Maximum_PPS]
* '''Score''' - Score based system: a proportional reward, but weighed by time submitted. Each submitted share is worth more in the function of time ''t'' since start of current round. For each share score is updated by: score += exp(t/C). This makes later shares worth much more than earlier shares, thus the miner's score quickly diminishes when they stop mining on the pool. Rewards are calculated proportionally to scores (and not to shares). (at slush's pool C=300 seconds, and every hour scores are normalized)
* '''SMPPS''' - Shared Maximum Pay Per Share. Like Pay Per Share, but never pays more than the pool earns. [http://eligius.st/wiki/index.php/Shared_Maximum_PPS]
* '''FPPS''' - Full Pay Per Share. Similar to PPS，but not only divide regular block reward (12.5 BTC for now) but also some of the transaction fees. Calculate a standard transaction fee within a certain period and distribute it to miners according to their hash power contributions in the pool. It will increase the miners' earnings by sharing some of the transaction fees.

A statistically valid analysis of some pools and their payout methods: [http://organofcorti.blogspot.com/ Bitcoin network and pool analysis]

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
! Name !! Location !! Size<ref name="hashrate2"/>
! Merged Mining<ref name="merged"/>
! Reward Type !! Transaction fees!!PPS Fee!!Other Fee!! [[File:Stm.png|link=Stratum_mining_protocol]] !! [[getblocktemplate|GBT]]
! Launched !! Variance !! Forum !! Website
|-
| [[AntPool]] || China || Large || No || PPLNS & PPS || {{PoolFees}} || 2.5% || 0% || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| ? || ? || [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=855548 link] || [https://www.antpool.com/ link]
|-
| [[BTC.com]] || {{flag|cn}}{{flag|us|}}{{flag|eu}} || Medium || [[NMC]] || FPPS || {{SharedFees}} || 0% || 4% || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2016-09-13 || User || [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1827718.0 link] || [https://pool.btc.com/ link]
|-
| [[BCMonster.com]] ||{{flag|us|}}{{flag|eu}}{{flag|cn|}} || Small || No || PPLNS || {{SharedFees}} || || 0.5% || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2016-01-13 || Dynamic || [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1327077.0 link] || [http://www.bcmonster.com link]
|-
| [[Jonny Bravo's Mining Emporium]] ||{{flag|us|}}{{flag|eu}} || Small || No || PPLNS || {{SharedFees}} || || 0.5% || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2015-11-19 || Dynamic || [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1330452.0 link] || [http://www.bravo-mining.com link]
|-
| [[BitcoinAffiliateNetwork]] || {{flag|us|}}{{flag|eu}}{{flag|cn|}}{{flag|nl|}}{{flag|au|}} || ? || [[NMC]], [[DOGE]] || ? || {{PoolFees}} || ? || ? || {{Yes}} ||
| 2014-07-15 || User/Dynamic || [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=722202.0 link] || [http://mining.bitcoinaffiliatenetwork.com/ link]
|-
| [[Slush Pool]]
| Global || Medium || [[NMC]] || Score || {{SharedFees}} || || 2% || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2010-11-27 || User<ref name="changeable"/> || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=1976 link] || [https://slushpool.com/ link]
|-
| [[BitMinter]] || {{flag|us}}{{flag|ca|label=1}}{{flag|eu}} || Small || [[NMC]] || PPLNSG || {{SharedFees}} || || 1% || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2011-06-26 || User<ref name="changeable"/>/Dynamic || [https://bitcointalk.org/?topic=788753 link] || [https://bitminter.com link]
|-
| [[BTCC Pool]] || China, Japan || Large || [[NMC]] || PPS || {{PoolFees}} || 2.0% || 0% || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
| 2014-10-21 || Dynamic || ? || [https://pool.btcc.com link]
|-
| [[BTCDig]] || {{flag|us|label=1}}|| Small || No || DGM || {{PoolFees}} || || 0% || {{Yes}} ||
| 2013-07-04 || User<ref name="changeable"/>/Dynamic 20SPM || [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=249627 link] || [http://btcdig.com/ link]
|-
| [[btcmp.com]] || {{flag|de|label=1}}|| Small || No || PPS || {{PoolFees}} || 4% || || {{Yes}} ||
| 2011-06-28 || Diff 1 || || [http://www.btcmp.com/ link]
|-
| [[btcZPool.com]] || {{flag|us|label=1}}|| Large || BitCoinZ || PPLNS || {{SharedFees}} || 1% || 0% || {{Yes}} ||
| 2017-06-25 || VarDiff || || [http://www.btcZPool.com/ link]
|-
| [[BW Mining]] || China || Medium || ? || PPLNS & PPS || ? || ? || ? || {{Yes}} ||
| ? || ? || ? || [https://www.bw.com/pool link]
|-
| [[Eligius]] || {{flag|us|label=1}}|| Small || [[NMC]] || CPPSRB || {{SharedFees}} || || 0% || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
| 2011-04-27 || Dynamic: 32 shares/m || [https://bitcointalk.org/?topic=441465 link] || [http://eligius.st link]
|-
| [[F2Pool]] || {{flag|cn|}}{{flag|us|}} || Large || LTC, [[NMC]], SYS, EMC || PPS || {{PoolFees}} || 3% || || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2013-05-05 || Dynamic || [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=700411.0 link] || [https://www.f2pool.com link]
|-
| [[GHash.IO]] || {{flag|nl|label=1}}|| Small || [[NMC]], IXC, [[Devcoin]] || PPLNS || {{SharedFees}} || || 0% || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2013-07-01 || User<ref name="changeable"/> || [https://support.cex.io link] || [https://ghash.io/ link]
|-
| [[Give Me COINS]] || {{flag|us}}{{flag|eu}} || Small || [[NMC]] || PPLNS || {{SharedFees}} || || 0%|| {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
| 2013-08-12 || Dynamic || [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=272017.0 link] || [http://give-me-coins.com link]
|-
| [[KanoPool]] || {{flag|us}}{{flag|sg}}{{flag|de}}{{flag|jp}}{{flag|nl}} || Medium || No || PPLNSG || {{SharedFees}} || || 0.9% || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2014-09-20 || User<ref name="changeable"/>/Dynamic 18SPM || [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=789369.0 link] || [http://www.kano.is link]
|-
| [[kmdPool.org]] || {{flag|us|label=1}}|| Large || Komodo || PPLNS || {{SharedFees}} || 1% || 0% || {{Yes}} ||
| 2017-11-25 || VarDiff || || [http://www.kmdPool.org/ link]
|-
| [[Merge Mining Pool]] || {{flag|us|label=1}}|| Small || [[NMC]], IXC, [[Devcoin]]
| DGM || {{SharedFees}} || || 1.5% || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2012-01-08 || User<ref name="changeable"/> || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=57148 link] || [http://mmpool.org link]
|-
| [[Multipool]] || {{flag|us}}{{flag|eu}} || Small || [[NMC]] || Score || {{SharedFees}} || || 1.5% || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2012-03-15 || User || [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=311067.0 link] || [https://www.multipool.us/ link]
|-
| [[P2Pool]] || Global (p2p) || Small || Merged mining can be done on a "solo mining" basis <ref name="solomm"/> || PPLNS || {{SharedFees}} || || 0% || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2011-06-17 || User<ref name="changeable"/> || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=18313 link] ||
|-
| [[MergeMining]] || Global || Small || CRW, DVC, HUC, I0C, IXC, XMY/MYR, NMC, SYS, UNO, TRC, ARG, EMC || PPLNS || {{SharedFees}} || || 1% || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2016-12-01|| User<ref name="changeable"/> || || [https://mergemining.com link]
|-
| [[ZenPool.org]] || {{flag|us|label=1}}|| Large || ZenCash || PPLNS || {{SharedFees}} || 1% || 0% || {{Yes}} ||
| 2017-10-25 || VarDiff || || [http://www.ZenPool.org/ link]
|-
|}

== SPV Mining / Old Bitcoin Core ==

The following pools are known or strongly suspected to be mining on top of blocks before fully validating them with Bitcoin Core 0.9.5 or later. Miners doing this have already lost over $50,000 USD during the 4 July 2015 fork and have created a situation where small numbers of confirmations are much less useful than they normally are.

* BTC Nuggets
* [https://www.f2pool.com/ F2Pool]<ref name="spv_despite_incident">[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=700411.msg11790734#msg11790734 Intention to continue SPV mining], Wang Chun, 4 July 2015</ref>
* AntPool<ref name="spv_despite_incident" />

The following pools are believed to be currently fully validating blocks with Bitcoin Core 0.9.5 or later (0.10.2 or later recommended due to DoS vulnerabilities):

* [[BitMinter]]
* BTC China (described as SPV mining<ref name="spv_despite_incident" />, but they're performing effective valiation)
* [[BTC Public Mining Pool]]
* [[CKPool]]
* [[Eligius]]
* [[P2Pool]]
* [[Bitcoin Pooled Mining|Slush Pool]]
* [[BCMonster.com]]
* [[Jonny Bravo's Mining Emporium]]

== References ==

<references>

<ref name="hashrate2">Note that pool hashrate is largely irrelevant but can be seen as a popularity measurement. It is a theoretical security issue if one pool gains above 50% of the total computational power of the network, thus consider joining a pool based on other metrics. The pool's total hash rate is very dynamic on most pools. Over time, as the network grows, so does most pool's hash rates. The displayed values are the pool's relative sizes based on the network: Small: less than 2%, Medium: 2%-10% Large: greater than 10% of the network.</ref>

<ref name="merged">Merged mining allows miners to mine on multiple [[block chains]] at the same time with the same hashing.</ref>

<ref name="changeable">The difficulty of the shares can be changed by the user.</ref>
<ref name="solomm">Merged mining can be done on a "solo mining" basis (payouts in the merged chain are not pooled).</ref>
</references>

== See also ==
* [[Pooled mining]]
* [https://www.blocktrail.com/BTC/pools Pool Distribution Summary]
* [https://www.bitcoinmining.com/ Bitcoin Mining]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmOzih6I1zs Video: What is Bitcoin Mining]
* [https://www.bitcoinmining.com/bitcoin-mining-pools/ Bitcoin Mining Pools]
* [https://bitcoinchain.com/pools Bitcoin Mining Pools Comparison]
[[Category:Mining]]
{{Pools}}