Bitcoin Wiki - User contributions [en]

CryptoNote

2014-12-24T17:46:56Z

Nordo: /* Smooth emission */ + alternative emission logic in CryptoNote forks

CryptoNote is an open-sourced protocol that allows for increased privacy in cryptocurrency transactions.

== Features ==

===Difficult to trace and link payments ===

Unlike traditional cryptocurrencies that mostly use unambiguous signatures to verify the transfer, CryptoNote utilizes [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_signature ring signature]. Ring signature is a more sophisticated scheme that demand several different public keys for verification. In this case the transaction is signed by a group of users. Thus, the verifier may only identify that one of them was a signer, but not who exactly that was. Though this does not offer provable anonymity (like [[Zerocoin]]), the increase in privacy in comparison to Bitcoin is considerable.

CryptoNote automatically creates multiple unique one-time addresses for each of the payments, which are created from the single public key. Even though the payment is sent to a public address, in the block chain it appears as if it is sent to a one-time address. The sender uses random data and the public address of the receiver to calculate this one-time key of the payment. The redemption of the funds requires the receiver's private key, so only the latter may receive the money sent to the one-time address. Moreover, no third party can discover the link between the one-time key and the receiver's public address.

=== Double-spending proof ===

CryptoNote's ring signatures restrict the double-spending attempt by linking the transactions with the same private key. The protocol uses the key image, derived from a private key through a one-way function. All the users keep the list of all the used key images, which are checked against a new transaction. In case there is a duplicate key image, the transaction is rejected as a double-spending attempt. However, the identity of the sender would still be unknown, since it is impossible to get the private key from its image.

=== Block chain analysis resistance ===

CryptoNote creates an obstacle for an analyst by using ring signatures and one-time addresses covered above. Every address of the payment is a unique one-time key, which is created from both the sender's and the receiver's data, and the usage of ring signature hides the exact outputs that have been spent for the input. Therefore, each next transaction increases the number of possible senders and hides the actual connection even more.

=== Adaptive limits ===

There are no hard constants and magic numbers in CryptoNote. Each limit (e.g., max block size, or min fee amount) is re-calculated based on the historical data of the system. Moreover, the difficulty and the max block size are automatically adjusted with each new block. The main idea of the algorithm is to sum all the work that nodes have performed during the last 720 blocks and divide it by the time they have spent to accomplish it. The measure of the work is the corresponding difficulty value for each of the blocks.

=== Smooth emission ===

The coins are emitted smoothly, as the reward changes with each new block. This allows a predictable steady growth of money supply determined by the formula<ref>https://cryptonote.org/inside.php#smooth-emission</ref>:

BaseReward = (MSupply - A) >> 18
MSupply = 2^64 - 1 (atomic units)

CryptoNote forks DarkNote and MonetaVerde implement alternative emission logic: in DarkNote emission halves each month and in MonetaVerde block reward increases with difficulty.

=== Egalitarian proof of work ===

CryptoNote uses [[CryptoNight]] hashing algorithm as its proof-of-work.

The proof of work mechanism is actually a voting system. Users vote for the right order of the transactions, for enabling new features in the protocol and for the honest money supply distribution.

== Origins ==

The first version of CN – CryptoNote v.1 (December 12 2012) was published in Tor http://ol346fucnsjru223.onion/whitepaper.pdf

Little is known about CryptoNote's origins. The official website uses supposedly fake names for the team members, while the white paper's author is Nicolas van Saberhagen, which is also likely to be a pseudonym. The white paper "CryptoNote v 2.0" is dated back to October 2013.<ref>https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf</ref> There are claims that this date isn't correct: bitcointalk.org user rethink-your-strategy discovered copies of CryptoNote whitepapers with XPM properties set to 2014 on cryptonote.org site<ref>https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=740112.0</ref> while nearly same documents with 2013 and 2012 years in XPM properties were available on bytecoin.org site.<ref>https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=740112.msg8409063#msg8409063</ref>

It was also mentioned that the team developing CryptoNote had experienced a schism and went separate ways: Bytecoin, DarkNote, Monero and Boolberry seems to be lead by different developers.

== Philosophy ==

CryptoNote philosophy has several key points: privacy as a fundamental human right; government's influence and control remission as an aim.
The economy should be separated from politics, communities should set new transparent principles, and impartial cryptographic algorithms should control its implementation.

== See also ==

* [[CryptoNight]]

== External links ==

* [https://cryptonote.org CryptoNote website]
* [https://forum.cryptonote.org Official forum]
* [https://github.com/amjuarez/bytecoin Reference code]
* [https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf White paper]
* [https://cryptonote.org/coins.php CryptoNote Currencies]

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:Digital currencies]]
[[Category:Anonymity]]

Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-12-24T17:38:13Z

Nordo: XPM unlimited emission

This article aims to list relevant cryptocurrencies.<br/>To be listed here, a currency must have '''one''' of the following qualities:
*The currency must have a market cap of one million US dollars.
*The currency must be the first to introduce an innovative protocol.
*The currency must have at one point had significant notoriety.
*The currency must have been an infamous fraud.
These coins are currently ordered according to launch date.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: smaller; "
! style="width: 1;" | Coin
! style="width: 1;" | Ticker
! style="width: 1;" | Launched
! style="width: 99;" | Consensus tool
! style="width: 1;" | Distribution
! style="width: 1;" | Market cap
! style="width: 1;" | Unit cap
! style="width: 1;" | Status
! Notes
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[File:Bitcoin.png|16px|link=]] [[Bitcoin]]
| BTC
| 3 Jan 2009
| SHA256d
| [[Proof of work | Proof-of-work]] (fixed, halving)
| $6.34 billion
| 20,999,999.9769
| {{yes|Active}}
| First blockchain
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[File:Bitcoin.png|16px|link=]] [[Testnet|Bitcoin Testnet 1]]
| TNBTC
| 21 Oct 2010
| SHA256d
| Proof-of-work (fixed, halving)
| ''None''
| 20,999,999.9769
| {{no|Abandoned}}
| First [[altcoin]]<ref>http://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/2jw5pm/im_gavin_andresen_chief_scientist_at_the_bitcoin/</ref>
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[File:Bitcoin.png|16px|link=]] [[Tonal Bitcoin]]
| TBC
| 2 Jan 2011
| colspan = 3 | Pegged to Bitcoin
| 7,750,54.00
| {{yes|Active}}
| First on-chain alternative
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | Ripple
| XRP
| 1 Mar 2011
| Ripple
| Central
| $139 million
| 28,989,252,282
| {{yes|Active}}
|
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[File:Namecoin.png|16px|link=]] Namecoin
| NMC
| 18 Apr 2011
| SHA256d - [[Merged mining specification | merged mined with Bitcoin]]
| Proof-of-work (fixed, halving)
| $11.14 million
| 20,999,999.9769
| {{yes|Active}}
| First alternative chain, bitDNS
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | Tenebrix
| TBX
| 25 Sep 2011
| [[scrypt]]
| Central, Proof-of-work (fixed, halving)
| ''None''
| 10,499,999.9769
| {{no|Dead}}
| First [[scrypt]] coin
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[File:Litecoin.png|16px|link=]] Litecoin
| LTC
| 7 Oct 2011
| scrypt
| Proof-of-work (fixed, halving)
| $154 million
| 83,999,949.9076
| {{yes|Active}}
| TBX clone
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[File:Bitcoin.png|16px|link=]] [[Testnet|Bitcoin Testnet 3]]
| TNBTC
| 12 Apr 2012
| SHA256d
| Proof-of-work (fixed, halving)
| ''None''
| 20,999,999.9769
| {{yes|Active}}
| Current Bitcoin testnet
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | Bytecoin
| BCN
| 4 Jul 2012
| [[CryptoNight]]
| Proof-of-work (random, smooth)
| $2.73 million
| 184.46 billion
| {{yes|Active}}
| First CryptoNote coin
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[File:Peercoin.png|16px|link=]] Peercoin
| PPC
| 19 Aug 2012
| Central authoriy<ref>[https://github.com/ppcoin/ppcoin/blob/master/src/checkpoints.cpp#L370 Peercoin Source | Centralized Checkpointing Public Key]</ref>
| Proof-of-work/stake
| $15.5 million
| Unlimited
| {{yes|Active}}
|
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Freicoin]]
| FRC
| 21 Dec 2012
| SHA256d
| Proof-of-work
| $84 thousand
|?
| {{Yes|Active}}
| First demurrage cryptocurrency
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | Feathercoin
| FTC
| 16 Apr 2013
| [[scrypt]]
| Proof-of-work (fixed, halving)
| $1.15 million
|?
| {{yes|Active}}
| LTC hardfork
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | Primecoin
| XPM
| 7 Jul 2013
| [[Cunningham]]
| Proof-of-work
| $1.2 million
| Unlimited
| {{Yes|Active}}
| First "useful proof-of-work" altcoin
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[File:Btsx.png|16px|link=]] BitSharesX
| BTSX
| 29 Sep 2013
| Consensus through obscurity
| ?
| $66.5 million
| 1,999,992,536
| {{yes|Active}}
|
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[File:Nxt.png|16px|link=]] Nxt
| NXT
| 29 Sep 2013
| Consensus through obscurity<ref>https://download.wpsoftware.net/bitcoin/pos.pdf</ref>
| Central
| $29.0 million
| 999,997,096
| {{yes|Active}}
|
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[File:Dogecoin.png|16px|link=]] Dogecoin
| DOGE
| 6 Dec 2013
| [[scrypt]]
| Proof-of-work (random)
| $12.7 million
| Unlimited
| {{yes|Active}}
| Was joke, became huge
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[File:Darkcoin.png|16px|link=]] Darkcoin
| DRK
| 19 Jan 2014
| [[Combo11]]
| Proof-of-work (fixed, curve)
| $12.5 million
| 18.4 million (estimate)
| {{yes|Active}}
|
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[File:Huntercoin.jpeg|16px|link=]] HunterCoin
| HUC
| 1 Feb 2014
| SHA256d and/or [[scrypt]]
| Game rewards, Proof-of-work
| $47 thousand
| 42,000,000
| {{yes|Active}}
| First blockchain-based game
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[File:Monero.png|16px|link=]] Monero
| XMR
| 18 Apr 2014
| [[CryptoNight]]
| Proof-of-work (random, smooth)
| $6.27 million
| ~18,400,000 then <1% inflation
| {{yes|Active}}
|
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[File:Maid.png|16px|link=]] MaidSafeCoin
| MAID
| 22 Apr 2014
| Bitcoin
| Central
| $8.54 million
| 452,552,412
| {{yes|Active}}
|
|}

==See Also==
* [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 List of alternative chains]
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

CryptoNote

2014-12-24T17:33:34Z

Nordo: /* Origins */

CryptoNote is an open-sourced protocol that allows for increased privacy in cryptocurrency transactions.

== Features ==

===Difficult to trace and link payments ===

Unlike traditional cryptocurrencies that mostly use unambiguous signatures to verify the transfer, CryptoNote utilizes [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_signature ring signature]. Ring signature is a more sophisticated scheme that demand several different public keys for verification. In this case the transaction is signed by a group of users. Thus, the verifier may only identify that one of them was a signer, but not who exactly that was. Though this does not offer provable anonymity (like [[Zerocoin]]), the increase in privacy in comparison to Bitcoin is considerable.

CryptoNote automatically creates multiple unique one-time addresses for each of the payments, which are created from the single public key. Even though the payment is sent to a public address, in the block chain it appears as if it is sent to a one-time address. The sender uses random data and the public address of the receiver to calculate this one-time key of the payment. The redemption of the funds requires the receiver's private key, so only the latter may receive the money sent to the one-time address. Moreover, no third party can discover the link between the one-time key and the receiver's public address.

=== Double-spending proof ===

CryptoNote's ring signatures restrict the double-spending attempt by linking the transactions with the same private key. The protocol uses the key image, derived from a private key through a one-way function. All the users keep the list of all the used key images, which are checked against a new transaction. In case there is a duplicate key image, the transaction is rejected as a double-spending attempt. However, the identity of the sender would still be unknown, since it is impossible to get the private key from its image.

=== Block chain analysis resistance ===

CryptoNote creates an obstacle for an analyst by using ring signatures and one-time addresses covered above. Every address of the payment is a unique one-time key, which is created from both the sender's and the receiver's data, and the usage of ring signature hides the exact outputs that have been spent for the input. Therefore, each next transaction increases the number of possible senders and hides the actual connection even more.

=== Adaptive limits ===

There are no hard constants and magic numbers in CryptoNote. Each limit (e.g., max block size, or min fee amount) is re-calculated based on the historical data of the system. Moreover, the difficulty and the max block size are automatically adjusted with each new block. The main idea of the algorithm is to sum all the work that nodes have performed during the last 720 blocks and divide it by the time they have spent to accomplish it. The measure of the work is the corresponding difficulty value for each of the blocks.

=== Smooth emission ===

The coins are emitted smoothly, as the reward changes with each new block. This allows a predictable steady growth of money supply determined by the formula<ref>https://cryptonote.org/inside.php#smooth-emission</ref>:

BaseReward = (MSupply - A) >> 18
MSupply = 2^64 - 1 (atomic units)

=== Egalitarian proof of work ===

CryptoNote uses [[CryptoNight]] hashing algorithm as its proof-of-work.

The proof of work mechanism is actually a voting system. Users vote for the right order of the transactions, for enabling new features in the protocol and for the honest money supply distribution.

== Origins ==

The first version of CN – CryptoNote v.1 (December 12 2012) was published in Tor http://ol346fucnsjru223.onion/whitepaper.pdf

Little is known about CryptoNote's origins. The official website uses supposedly fake names for the team members, while the white paper's author is Nicolas van Saberhagen, which is also likely to be a pseudonym. The white paper "CryptoNote v 2.0" is dated back to October 2013.<ref>https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf</ref> There are claims that this date isn't correct: bitcointalk.org user rethink-your-strategy discovered copies of CryptoNote whitepapers with XPM properties set to 2014 on cryptonote.org site<ref>https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=740112.0</ref> while nearly same documents with 2013 and 2012 years in XPM properties were available on bytecoin.org site.<ref>https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=740112.msg8409063#msg8409063</ref>

It was also mentioned that the team developing CryptoNote had experienced a schism and went separate ways: Bytecoin, DarkNote, Monero and Boolberry seems to be lead by different developers.

== Philosophy ==

CryptoNote philosophy has several key points: privacy as a fundamental human right; government's influence and control remission as an aim.
The economy should be separated from politics, communities should set new transparent principles, and impartial cryptographic algorithms should control its implementation.

== See also ==

* [[CryptoNight]]

== External links ==

* [https://cryptonote.org CryptoNote website]
* [https://forum.cryptonote.org Official forum]
* [https://github.com/amjuarez/bytecoin Reference code]
* [https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf White paper]
* [https://cryptonote.org/coins.php CryptoNote Currencies]

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:Digital currencies]]
[[Category:Anonymity]]

CryptoNote

2014-12-24T17:28:14Z

Nordo: /* Origins */ rewrite

CryptoNote is an open-sourced protocol that allows for increased privacy in cryptocurrency transactions.

== Features ==

===Difficult to trace and link payments ===

Unlike traditional cryptocurrencies that mostly use unambiguous signatures to verify the transfer, CryptoNote utilizes [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_signature ring signature]. Ring signature is a more sophisticated scheme that demand several different public keys for verification. In this case the transaction is signed by a group of users. Thus, the verifier may only identify that one of them was a signer, but not who exactly that was. Though this does not offer provable anonymity (like [[Zerocoin]]), the increase in privacy in comparison to Bitcoin is considerable.

CryptoNote automatically creates multiple unique one-time addresses for each of the payments, which are created from the single public key. Even though the payment is sent to a public address, in the block chain it appears as if it is sent to a one-time address. The sender uses random data and the public address of the receiver to calculate this one-time key of the payment. The redemption of the funds requires the receiver's private key, so only the latter may receive the money sent to the one-time address. Moreover, no third party can discover the link between the one-time key and the receiver's public address.

=== Double-spending proof ===

CryptoNote's ring signatures restrict the double-spending attempt by linking the transactions with the same private key. The protocol uses the key image, derived from a private key through a one-way function. All the users keep the list of all the used key images, which are checked against a new transaction. In case there is a duplicate key image, the transaction is rejected as a double-spending attempt. However, the identity of the sender would still be unknown, since it is impossible to get the private key from its image.

=== Block chain analysis resistance ===

CryptoNote creates an obstacle for an analyst by using ring signatures and one-time addresses covered above. Every address of the payment is a unique one-time key, which is created from both the sender's and the receiver's data, and the usage of ring signature hides the exact outputs that have been spent for the input. Therefore, each next transaction increases the number of possible senders and hides the actual connection even more.

=== Adaptive limits ===

There are no hard constants and magic numbers in CryptoNote. Each limit (e.g., max block size, or min fee amount) is re-calculated based on the historical data of the system. Moreover, the difficulty and the max block size are automatically adjusted with each new block. The main idea of the algorithm is to sum all the work that nodes have performed during the last 720 blocks and divide it by the time they have spent to accomplish it. The measure of the work is the corresponding difficulty value for each of the blocks.

=== Smooth emission ===

The coins are emitted smoothly, as the reward changes with each new block. This allows a predictable steady growth of money supply determined by the formula<ref>https://cryptonote.org/inside.php#smooth-emission</ref>:

BaseReward = (MSupply - A) >> 18
MSupply = 2^64 - 1 (atomic units)

=== Egalitarian proof of work ===

CryptoNote uses [[CryptoNight]] hashing algorithm as its proof-of-work.

The proof of work mechanism is actually a voting system. Users vote for the right order of the transactions, for enabling new features in the protocol and for the honest money supply distribution.

== Origins ==

The first version of CN – CryptoNote v.1 (December 12 2012) was published in Tor http://ol346fucnsjru223.onion/whitepaper.pdf

Little is known about CryptoNote's origins. The official website uses supposedly fake names for the team members, while the white paper's author is Nicolas van Saberhagen, which is also likely to be a pseudonym. The white paper "CryptoNote v 2.0" is dated back to October 2013.<ref>https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf</ref> There are claims that this date isn't correct: bitcointalk.org user rethink-your-strategy discovered copies of CryptoNote whitepapers with XPM properties set to 2014 on cryptonote.org site<ref>https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=740112.0</ref> while nearly same documents with 2013 and 2012 years in XPM properties were available on bytecoin.org site.<ref>https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=740112.msg8409063#msg8409063</ref> It was also mentioned that the team developing CryptoNote had experienced a schism and went separate ways: Bytecoin, DarkNote, Monero and Boolberry seems to be lead by different developers.

== Philosophy ==

CryptoNote philosophy has several key points: privacy as a fundamental human right; government's influence and control remission as an aim.
The economy should be separated from politics, communities should set new transparent principles, and impartial cryptographic algorithms should control its implementation.

== See also ==

* [[CryptoNight]]

== External links ==

* [https://cryptonote.org CryptoNote website]
* [https://forum.cryptonote.org Official forum]
* [https://github.com/amjuarez/bytecoin Reference code]
* [https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf White paper]
* [https://cryptonote.org/coins.php CryptoNote Currencies]

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:Digital currencies]]
[[Category:Anonymity]]

Bitcoin-Affiliate-Programs

2014-08-16T11:48:12Z

Nordo: /* Mining */

{{db-g7}}

Bitcoin affiliate programs allow affiliates to gain revenue by driving traffic to specific Bitcoin related programs. The revenue is paid in a CPA (cost per action) or Revenue Share model depending on the program. Although most Bitcoin affiliate programs pay their affiliates with Bitcoins, several programs pay their affiliates with fiat. The following is a list of the best performing affiliate programs according to reports by major Bitcoin affiliates. Low traffic website that are not yet significant are not listed here. Make sure to follow [http://affiliates.99bitcoins.com/amazon-denied-21k-affiliate-payouts-5-things-ive-learned/ best ethics] when applying to an affiliate program.

==List of Bitcoin affiliate programs==

===Forex===
[http://www.affiliates.ava-trade.co.uk AvaTrade] – Forex trading for Bitcoins. Payouts start at $100 CPA. Revenue share plans also available. Not available in the US.

[http://affiliates.500plusforex.com Plus500] – Forex trading for Bitcoins and Litecoins. The highest CPA payouts in Bitcoin Forex. Can reach up to $500 per active user. Not available in the US.

[http://affiliates.99bitcoins.com/etoropartners/ eToro] – Social trading platform for Bitcoin investments. Receive up to $200 CPA. Not available in the US.

[http://affiliates.markets.com/ Markets.com] – Forex trading for Bitcoins. CPA is calculated on a case by case basis – default CPA is $150.

===Bitcoin exchanges===
[https://1wbe.com/en/affiliates/ 1WBE] – Receive 40% for every trade your referral makes. Introduce new members to the first Worldwide Bitcoin Exchanger.

[http://affiliates.virrwox.com VirWox] – Allows you to buy Bitcoins with Paypal or a credit card through the use of a simple workaround. Receive 20% of the commissions taken by VirWox.

[http://affiliates.cavirtex.com/ Cavirtex] – Canada’s Bitcoin exchange. CaVirtex affiliates will earn 30% of Net Revenue from each trader they register in the trader’s first year of trading and 15% of Net Revenue in each succeeding year.

[https://www.coins-e.com/affiliates/ Coins-e] - Refer users to Coins-E and earn 10% of the trade fee on every trade the user executes. Referral payments are made once every 3 days.

[https://www.bitcoin.de/en/affiliate Bitcoin.de] – Germany’s leading Bitcoin market place. You get 10% provison of the marketplace fee, which is charged from the referred user.

===Buy Bitcoins services===
[https://www.coinmama.com/coinmama-affiliate-program-earn-free-bitcoins/ Coinmama] – Buy bitcoins with a credit card or with Western Union. Receive 5% of the amount purchased by your referred customer.

[https://localbitcoins.com/affiliate/ Local Bitcoins] – Buy Bitcoins from a person near your physical location. Earn 20% from the commissions taken form each user (up to 40%).

[http://coinbase.com Coinbase] – The leading program for US residents seeking to buy Bitcoins. Receive $5 when your referred customer purchases $100 or more.

===Advertising===
[http://www.bitvisitor.com/affiliates.php BitVisitor] – Pay users to visit websites. There’s a 50% revenue share lifetime model.

===Gambling sites===
[https://www.k8poker.net/affiliates Kate Poker Affiliates Program] offers affiliates 15% revenue share. Use your affiliate link to refer players to Kate Poker and as they sign up and start playing you will start earning money. With this opportunity you will have lifetime income.

[http://affiliates.bluffabit.com Bluffabit Casino Affiliates Program] offers affiliates up to 50% revenue share, real-time reporting, state of the art technology, on demand payments (get paid when you want!), full user reporting and much more! Offer your users over 400 BTC in jackpots, 130+ HD casino games and Live Dealers!

[https://sealswithclubs.eu/affiliates/‎ Seals With Clubs] – Play Bitcoin poker. Earn revenue share from house rake.

[https://satoshibet.com/affiliate Satoshi Bet] – Bitcoin casion. Earn 25% of house edge of all bets made.

===Mining===
[https://minergate.com/affiliate Minergate] affiliate program. Get up to 0.75% from referrer's profit

[https://cex.io/ref Cex.io] – The first commodity exchange, where you can trade mining facilities for a price set by supply and demand. Cex.io is the cutting edge market for Bitcoin priced and fully maintained GHashes. Receive 3& of your referred user’s GH/s balance.

===Domain hosting===
[https://www.namecheap.com/affiliates.aspx NameCheap] – One of the leading domain registers which accepts Bitcoins. Earn 15% from a new customer’s purchase. Payout occur 30 days after purchase.

==Additional resources==
[http://affiliates.99bitcoins.com 99 Affiliates] - A blog about Bitcoin affiliate programs. Includes real live use cases and conversion data.

MinerGate

2014-08-16T11:45:00Z

Nordo: /* Features */

{{infobox company|name=MinerGate|image=[[File:MinerGate_logo.png|250px]]
|industry=[[Mining Pool]]
|foundation=March 2014
|website=https://minergate.com/
}}
MinerGate was founded on 24th of March, 20114. It was the first mining pool for [[CryptoNote]] based currencies. It supports both PPS and PPLNS payment modes.

==Mining Options==
[[File:Miner.png|thumb|300px|upright|Miner Interface]]
[[File:Web.png|thumb|300px|upright|Web Interface]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; color: green;"
| Currency
| Web Mining
| Console Mining
| GUI Mining
| Block Explorer
|-
| BTC
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|-
| LTC
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| BCN
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| XDN
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| FCN
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| QCN
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| XMR
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| MCN
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| AEON
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| DSH
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|}

==MinerGate Miner==
MinerGate has 2 types of miners: GUI and console. They are available on Windows (32 and 64 bit), Mac and Ubuntu.

Also there is admin version for Windows. Admin edition miner allows to launch application on several computers in background mode.

MinerGate supports Web Mining.

==Features==
* Block Explorer (Litecoin, Bytecoin, Monero, Fantomcoin, Quazarcoin, duckNote, MonetaVerde, Aeon, Dashcoin, Boolberry)
* Mining profitability calculator (Bitcoin, Litecoin and CryptoNote based currencies)
* Charts - difficulty, network hashrate, coins in circulation, block reward
* 2 Factor Authentication
* Direct transfers to exchange
* Network Fee can be set manually
* 24/7 support
* Affiliate program up to 0.75% from referrer's profit

==External Links==

* [https://minergate.com/ MinerGate] mining pool website
* [https://twitter.com/MinerGate @MinerGate] Twitter
[[Category:Pool Operators]]
{{Pools}}

Profitability Calculator

2014-08-14T11:15:29Z

Nordo: /* External Links */

Aids in estimating mining profits at current network and market conditions.

The current [[difficulty]] is obtained from [[Bitcoin Block Explorer]].

== See also ==
* [[Generation Calculator]]
* [[Power Calc]]

==External Links==
* [https://minergate.com/calculator/bitcoin Bitcoin Mining Profitability Calculator - MinerGate]
* [https://cex.io/calc Bitcoin Profit Calculator - CEX.IO]
* [http://www.coinish.com/calc/ Coinish Mining Calculator]
* [http://btcserv.net/bitcoin-mining-calculator BTCServ Bitcoin Mining Calculator]
* [[TP's Bitcoin Calculator]][http://tpbitcalc.appspot.com/](useful for pool mining)
* [http://bitcoinX.com/profit/ BitcoinX.com Mining Profitability Calculator] - since 2011-04-14
* [http://0x10.org/sandbox/bitcalc/ Mining Break Even Calculator] (also useful for pool mining)
* [http://bitcoin.web-share.nl/ Easy BitCoin Mining Calculator] (also useful for pool mining)
* [http://btcsec.com/calculator/ Online Bitcoin Profitability Mining Calculator] (Russian)
* [http://blockchained.com/profit/ Blockchained.com Bitcoin Mining Profitability Calculator] - (with decline factor)
* [http://mining-profit.com/ Detailed Cloud Mining Profitability Calculator]
* [http://www.vnbitcoin.org/bitcoincalculator.php Vnbitcoin.org Bitcoin Mining Calculator]
[[Category:Mining]]
[[Category:Calculators]]

Comparison of mining pools

2014-08-14T11:10:09Z

Nordo:

Reward types & explanation:
* '''CPPSRB''' - Capped Pay Per Share with Recent Backpay. [http://eligius.st/wiki/index.php/Capped_PPS_with_Recent_Backpay]
* '''DGM''' - Double Geometric Method. A hybrid between PPLNS and Geometric reward types that enables to operator to absorb some of the variance risk. Operator receives portion of payout on short rounds and returns it on longer rounds to normalize payments. [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=39497.0]
* '''ESMPPS''' - Equalized Shared Maximum Pay Per Share. Like SMPPS, but equalizes payments fairly among all those who are owed. [http://forum.bitcoin.org/index.php?topic=12181.msg378851#msg378851]
* '''POT''' - Pay On Target. A high variance PPS variant that pays on the difficulty of work returned to pool rather than the difficulty of work served by pool [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=131376.0]
* '''PPLNS''' - Pay Per Last N Shares. Similar to proportional, but instead of looking at the number of shares in the round, instead looks at the last N shares, regardless of round boundaries.
* '''PPLNSG''' - Pay Per Last N Groups (or shifts). Similar to PPLNS, but shares are grouped into "shifts" which are paid as a whole.
* '''PPS''' - Pay Per Share. Each submitted share is worth certain amount of BC. Since finding a block requires <current difficulty> shares ''on average'', a PPS method with 0% fee would be 25 BTC divided by <current difficulty>. It is risky for pool operators, hence the fee is highest.
* '''Prop.''' - Proportional. When block is found, the reward is distributed among all workers proportionally to how much shares each of them has found.
* '''RSMPPS''' - Recent Shared Maximum Pay Per Share. Like SMPPS, but system aims to prioritize the most recent miners first. [http://eligius.st/wiki/index.php/Shared_Maximum_PPS]
* '''Score''' - Score based system: a proportional reward, but weighed by time submitted. Each submitted share is worth more in the function of time ''t'' since start of current round. For each share score is updated by: score += exp(t/C). This makes later shares worth much more than earlier shares, thus the miner's score quickly diminishes when they stop mining on the pool. Rewards are calculated proportionally to scores (and not to shares). (at slush's pool C=300 seconds, and every hour scores are normalized)
* '''SMPPS''' - Shared Maximum Pay Per Share. Like Pay Per Share, but never pays more than the pool earns. [http://eligius.st/wiki/index.php/Shared_Maximum_PPS]
[http://eligius.st/~luke-jr/samples/800MH-3/ Visual examples of the various payout methods]

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
! Name !! Location !! TH/s<ref name="hashrate2"/>
! Merged Mining<ref name="merged"/>
! Reward Type !! Transaction fees!!PPS Fee!!Other Fee!! [[getwork|GWK]] !! [[Stratum|STM]] !! [[getblocktemplate|GBT]]
! Launched !! Variance !! Forum !! Website
|-
| [[50BTC]] || Germany/USA/Russia || || No || PPS or PPLNS || {{PoolFees}} || 6%<ref name="50btchack"/><ref name="50btchack2"/>|| 1.5%<ref name="50btchack"/><ref name="50btchack2"/> || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} ||
| 2011-11-11 || User<ref name="changeable"/> || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=54673 link] || [http://50btc.com/ link]
|-
| [[ABCPool.co]] || USA || || No || PPS<ref name="stales"/> || {{PoolFees}} || 5% || || {{Yes}} || {{No}} || {{No}}
| 2011-08-02 || Diff 1 || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=33586 link] || [http://www.ABCPool.co/ link]
|-
| [[pool.enso.kz]] || Kazakhstan || 0.06 || No || PPLNS || {{PoolFees}} || || 0% || {{Yes}} || ||
| 2012-04-19 || Dynamic || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=80135 link] || [http://pool.enso.kz/ link]
|-
| [[Bitalo]] || USA/Europe || 1.1 || No || PPLNS || {{SharedFees}} || 0% || || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} ||
| 2014-04-08 || Dynamic || || [https://bitalo.com/mining/ link]
|-
| [[BitClockers]] || USA/Europe || || [[NMC]] || PPS || {{PoolFees}} || 8% || || {{Yes}} || ||
| 2011-05-27 || Diff 1 || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=10127 link] || [http://bitclockers.com/ link]
|-
| [[BitcoinMining.Co]] || USA || || [[No]] || {{PoolFees}} || {{PoolFees}} || 2% || || {{Yes}} || ||
| 2013-08-13 || Diff 1 || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=273259.0 link] || [http://bitcoinmining.co/ link]
|-
| [[BitcoinPool.com]] || USA || || No || Prop. || {{PoolFees}} || || 0% || {{Yes}} || ||
| 2011-03-08 || Diff 1 || [http://bitcoinpool.com/forum/ link] || [http://www.bitcoinpool.com/ link]
|-
| [[Bitcoin Pooled Mining|Slush's pool (mining.bitcoin.cz)]]
| France || 677 || No || Score || {{SharedFees}} || || 2% || || {{Yes}} ||
| 2010-11-27 || User<ref name="changeable"/> || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=1976 link] || [http://mining.bitcoin.cz/ link]
|-
| [[BitMinter]] || USA/Germany || 1500 || [[NMC]] || PPLNSG || {{SharedFees}} || || 1% || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
| 2011-06-26 || User<ref name="changeable"/>/Dynamic || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=27062 link] || [https://bitminter.com link]
|-
| [[Blisterpool]] || USA/Europe || 1.4 || [[Devcoin]] + bonus<ref name="dvcbonus"/> || PPLNS || {{SharedFees}} || || 2% || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
| 2014-02-01 || User<ref name="changeable"/>/Dynamic || [http://coinzen.org/index.php/topic,714.0.html link] || [http://blisterpool.com link]
|-
| [[BTCPoolman]] || UK/Europe || 0.5 || No || Prop. || {{SharedFees}} || || 2% || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2013-03-01 || Diff 1 || [https://twitter.com/BTCPoolMan Twitter] || [https://www.btcpoolman.com/register Register]
|-
| [[BTC Guild]] || USA/Europe || 10500 || [[NMC]]
| PPLNSG || {{SharedFees}} || || 2% || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2011-05-09 || User<ref name="changeable"/>/Dynamic
| [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=49417 link] || [https://www.btcguild.com/ link]
|-
| [[BTC Oxygen]] || Europe || || No || PPS || {{PoolFees}} || 2% || || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} ||
| 2012-11-01 || Diff 1 || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=127815 link] || [http://www.btcoxygen.com/ link]
|-
| [[BTCMine]] || USA || 0.1 || No || Score || {{PoolFees}} || || 0% || {{Yes}} || ||
| 2011-03-11 || Diff 1 || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=4251 link] || [http://btcmine.com/ link]
|-
| [[BTCDig]] || USA || 7 || No || DGM || {{PoolFees}} || || 0% || || {{Yes}} ||
| 2013-07-04 || User<ref name="changeable"/>/Dynamic 20SPM || [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=249627 link] || [http://btcdig.com/ link]
|-
| [[BTCmow]] || Europe || || No || PPLNS || {{PoolFees}} || || 2.5% || || {{Yes}} ||
| 2013-05-31 || Diff 1 || [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=221306.0 link] || [http://www.btcmow.com/ link]
|-
| [[btcmp.com]] || Germany || 1.4 || No || PPS || {{PoolFees}} || 4% || || {{Yes}} || ||
| 2011-06-28 || Diff 1 || || [http://www.btcmp.com/ link]
|-
| [[BTCWarp]] || USA || || No || Score || {{PoolFees}} || || 0% || {{Yes}} || ||
| 2011-07-29 || Diff 1 || [http://www.bitcoinbalkan.com/forum link] || [http://www.btcwarp.com/ link]
|-
| [[Coin Miners]] || USA || || No || PPLNS || {{PoolFees}} || || 0% || || {{Yes}} ||
| 2014-02-27 || Diff 1 || [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=481194.0 link] || [https://www.coinminers.co link]
|-
| [[CoinLab Protected Pool]] || USA || || No || PPS || {{PoolFees}} || 2-5% || || {{Yes}} || ||
| 2012-08-09 || Diff 1 || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=99643 link] ||
|-
| [[Coinotron]] || Poland || || No || DGM || {{PoolFees}} || || 0% || {{Yes}} || ||
| 2011-07-06 || Diff 1 || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=26727 link] || [http://www.coinotron.com link]
|-
| [[DeepBit]] || Germany || 0.1 || No || PPS/Prop. || {{PoolFees}} || 10% || 3% || {{Yes}} || ||
| 2011-02-26 || Diff 1 || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=3889 link] || [http://deepbit.net/ link]
|-
| [[Eclipse Mining Consortium]]
| USA/Europe/Australia/Asia || 246 || No || DGM/PPS || {{PoolFees}} || 5% || 0% || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
| 2011-06-14 || User<ref name="changeable"/>/Dynamic
| [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=16385 link] || [https://eclipsemc.com link]
|-
| [[Eligius]] || USA || 4000 || [[NMC]] 105% PPS<ref name="eligiusnmc"/> || CPPSRB || {{SharedFees}} || 0% || || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
| 2011-04-27 || Dynamic: 32 shares/m || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=23768 link] || [http://eligius.st link]
|-
| [[GHash.IO]] || Netherlands || 42000 || [[NMC]], IXC, [[Devcoin]] || PPLNS || {{SharedFees}} || 0% || 0% || {{No}} || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2013-07-01 || User<ref name="changeable"/> || [https://support.cex.io link] || [https://ghash.io/ link]
|-
| [[Give Me COINS]] || USA, Europe || 25 || [[NMC]] || PPLNS || {{SharedFees}} || || 0%|| {{No}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
| 2013-08-12 || Dynamic || [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=272017.0 link] || [http://give-me-coins.com link]
|-
| [[MaxBTC]] || USA || || [[NMC]] || DGM || {{PoolFees}} || || 0% || {{Yes}} || ||
| 2012-03-15 || Diff 1 || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=68734 link] || [https://www.maxbtc.com/ link]
|-
| [[Merge Mining Pool]] || USA || 50 || [[NMC]], IXC, [[Devcoin]]
| DGM || {{SharedFees}} || || 1.5% || {{No}} || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2012-01-08 || User<ref name="changeable"/> || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=57148 link] || [http://mmpool.org link]
|-
| [[MinerGate]] || Europe || || Yes || PPS, PPLNS || {{PoolFees}} || 2.5% || 2% || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2014-03-24 || Dynamic || [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=528848.0 link] || [http://minergate.com/ link]
|-
| [[Multipool]] || USA, Europe || 400 || [[NMC]], IXC, [[Devcoin]] || Prop. || {{SharedFees}} || || 0% || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2012-03-15 || User || [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=311067.0 link] || [https://www.multipool.us/ link]
|-
| [[MuPool]] || USA/Europe || 30 || No ||PPLNS|| {{SharedFees}} || || 0% || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || 2014-02-23 || Dynamic || [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=483856.0 link] || [https://mupool.com/index.php?coin=BTC link]
|-
| [[Ozco.in]] || USA/Europe/Australia/China || 4 || No || DGM || {{SharedFees}} || || 1% || {{No}} || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2011-06-07 || User<ref name="changeable"/>/Dynamic
| [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=14085 link] || [https://ozco.in link]
|-
| [[PolishPool]] || Poland/USA/China || 5 || NMC IXC DEV || PPLNS/PPS || {{SharedFees}} || 0% || 0% || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
| 2013-07-07 || User<ref name="changeable"/>/Dynamic || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=18313 link] || [https://polishpool.pl link]
|-
| [[P2Pool]] || Earth (P2P) || 800 || Solo<ref name="solomm"/> || PPLNS || {{SharedFees}} || || 0% || {{No}}<ref name="local"/> || {{Yes}} || {{No}}
| 2011-06-17 || User<ref name="changeable"/> || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=18313 link] ||
|-
| [[pool.itzod.ru]] || Russia || 38 || No || RSMPPS || {{SharedFees}} || 0% || || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
| 2011-08-01 || User<ref name="changeable"/> || [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=25127 RU] [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=44024.0 EN] || [https://pool.itzod.ru/ link]
|-

| [[PolMine]] || Poland || 700 || [[NMC]] || SMPPS || {{SharedFees}} || 1% || 0% || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
| 2011-06-13 || Dynamic/User || [http://forum.polmine.pl/ link] || [https://polmine.pl/?setlang=en link]
|-
| [[Triplemining]] || Europe || 7.5 || No ||PPLNS<ref name="jackpot"/>|| {{PoolFees}} || || 0% || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
| 2011-06-28 || Diff 1 for getwork/GBT, dynamic for stratum
| [http://bitcointalk.org/?topic=23664 link] || [https://www.triplemining.com link]
|-
|}
<references>
<ref name="50btchack">On or around October 18, 2013, the pool stopped payouts of mining earnings. 50BTC.com claims the pool was hacked and all mining earnings and records of the earnings were lost. They claim as a result, many people are blackmailing them with unrealistic claims. https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=359277.0</ref>
<ref name="50btchack2">On or around February 11, 2014, the pool failed to payout mining earnings. 50BTC.com claims their system was unable to deal with the transaction malleability problem. They claim this has been fully corrected. https://50btc.com/en/news/view/161</ref>
<ref name="hashrate2">Note that pool hashrate is largely irrelevant but can be seen as a popularity measurement. Note however that it is a theoretical security issue if one pool gains above 50% of the total computational power of the network, thus consider joining a pool based on other metrics.</ref>

<ref name="merged">Merged mining allows miners to mine on multiple [[block chains]] at the same time with the same hashing.</ref>

<ref name="stales">Pool also rewards stale shares</ref>
<ref name="local">Miner-operated proxy available.</ref>
<ref name="changeable">The difficulty of the shares can be changed by the user.</ref>
<ref name="solomm">Merged mining can be done on a "solo mining" basis (payouts in the merged chain are not pooled).</ref>

<ref name="jackpot">Triplemining keeps 1% to redistribute using a weekly jackpot and affiliations</ref>
<ref name="eligiusnmc">As of March 8, 2014, payouts have been labelled as broken by the pool operator. There is no current ETA to a fix.</ref>
<ref name="dvcbonus">Pool pays out merged coins and promotional or supplementary payments in Devcoins.</ref>
</references>

== See also ==
*[[Pooled mining]]
*[http://blockorigin.pfoe.be/chart.php Hashrate distribution pie chart]

[[Category:Mining]]
{{Pools}}

MinerGate

2014-08-12T13:33:00Z

Nordo: Created page with "{{infobox company|name=MinerGate|image=250px |industry=Mining Pool |foundation=March 2014 |website=https://minergate.com/ }} MinerGate was foun..."

{{infobox company|name=MinerGate|image=[[File:MinerGate_logo.png|250px]]
|industry=[[Mining Pool]]
|foundation=March 2014
|website=https://minergate.com/
}}
MinerGate was founded on 24th of March, 20114. It was the first mining pool for [[CryptoNote]] based currencies. It supports both PPS and PPLNS payment modes.

==Mining Options==
[[File:Miner.png|thumb|300px|upright|Miner Interface]]
[[File:Web.png|thumb|300px|upright|Web Interface]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; color: green;"
| Currency
| Web Mining
| Console Mining
| GUI Mining
| Block Explorer
|-
| BTC
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|-
| LTC
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| BCN
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| XDN
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| FCN
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| QCN
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| XMR
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| MCN
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| AEON
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
| DSH
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|}

==MinerGate Miner==
MinerGate has 2 types of miners: GUI and console. They are available on Windows (32 and 64 bit), Mac and Ubuntu.

Also there is admin version for Windows. Admin edition miner allows to launch application on several computers in background mode.

MinerGate supports Web Mining.

==Features==
* Block Explorer (Litecoin, Bytecoin, Monero, Fantomcoin, Quazarcoin, duckNote, MonetaVerde, Aeon, Dashcoin, Boolberry)
* Mining profitability calculator (Bitcoin, Litecoin and CryptoNote based currencies)
* Charts - difficulty, network hashrate, coins in circulation, block reward
* 2 Factor Authentication
* Direct transfers to exchange
* Network Fee can be set manually
* 24/7 support
* Chatroom

==External Links==

* [https://minergate.com/ MinerGate] mining pool website
* [https://twitter.com/MinerGate @MinerGate] Twitter
[[Category:Pool Operators]]
{{Pools}}

File:Web.png

2014-08-12T13:12:46Z

Nordo:

File:Miner.png

2014-08-12T13:10:07Z

Nordo:

File:MinerGate logo.png

2014-08-12T09:54:12Z

Nordo:

CryptoNote

2014-06-16T10:09:19Z

Nordo: /* Origins */

CryptoNote is an open-source technology that allows creation of completely anonymous cryptocurrencies.
It proposes concepts and features, which aren't supported by Bitcoin yet.

== Features ==

=== Untraceable payments ===

Unlike traditional cryptocurrencies that mostly use unambiguous signatures to verify the transfer, CryptoNote utilizes [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_signature ring signature]. Ring signature is a more sophisticated scheme, which in fact may demand several different public keys for verification. In this case the transaction is signed by a group of users. Thus, the verifier may only identify that one of them was a signer, but not who exactly that was. The public key of a user may appear in a large number of ring signatures even if it was already used to sign her own transaction.

=== Unlinkable transactions ===

CryptoNote automatically creates multiple unique one-time addresses for each of the payments, which are created from the single public key. Even though the payment is sent to a public address, in the block chain it appears as if sent to a one-time address.

The sender uses randam data and the public address of the receiver to calculate this one-time key of the payment. The redemption of the funds requires the receiver's private key, so only the latter may receive the money sent to the one-time address. Moreover, no third party can discover the link between the one-time key and the receiver's public address.

=== Double-spending proof ===

In spite of being anonymous, CryptoNote's ring signatures restrict the double-spending attempt by linking the transactions with the same private key. The protocol uses the key image, derived from a private key through a one-way function. All the users keep the list of all the used key images, which are checked against a new transaction. In case there is a duplicate key image, the transaction is rejected as a double-spending attempt. However, the identity of the sender would still be unknown, since it is impossible to get the private key from its image.

=== Block chain analysis resistance ===

CryptoNote creates an obstacle for an analyst by using ring signatures and one-time addresses covered above. Every address of the payment is a unique one-time key, which is created from both the sender's and the receiver's data, and the usage of ring signature hides the exact outputs that have been spent for the input. Therefore, each next transaction increases the number of possible senders and hides the actual connection even more.

=== Adaptive limits ===

There are no hard constants and magic numbers in CryptoNote. Each limit (e.g., max block size, or min fee amount) is re-calculated based on the historical data of the system. Moreover, the difficulty and the max block size are automatically adjusted with each new block.
The main idea of the algorithm is to sum all the work that nodes have performed during the last 720 blocks and divide it by the time they have spent to accomplish it. The measure of the work is the corresponding difficulty value for each of the blocks.

=== Smooth emission ===

The coins are emitted smoothly, as the reward changes with each new block. This allows a predictable steady growth of money supply determined by the formula<ref>https://cryptonote.org/inside.php#smooth-emission</ref>:

BaseReward = (MSupply - A) >> 18
MSupply = 2^64 - 1 (atomic units)

=== Egalitarian proof of work ===

CryptoNote uses [[CryptoNight]] hashing algorithm as its proof-of-work.

The proof of work mechanism is actually a voting system. Users vote for the right order of the transactions, for enabling new features in the protocol and for the honest money supply distribution.

== Origins ==

Little is known about CryptoNote's origins. The official website uses supposedly fake names for the team members, while the white paper's author is Nicolas van Saberhagen, which is also likely to be a pseudonym. The white paper "CryptoNote v 2.0" is dated back to October 2013<ref>https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf</ref>.

The developers have mentioned at CryptoNote's official forum that the team actually consists of cryptographers, developers, and economists, but their identities have to be concealed currently<ref>https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=21#p61</ref>. It was also mentioned that the team developing CryptoNote had experience a schism and went separate ways<ref>https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=21#p73</ref>.

CryptoNote's website mentions "2011—2014" in the footer.

== Philosophy ==

CryptoNote philosophy has several key points: privacy as a fundamental human right; government's influence and control remission as an aim.
The economy should be separated from politics, communities should set new transparent principles, and impartial cryptographic algorithms should control its implementation.

== See also ==

* [[CryptoNight]]

== External links ==

* [https://cryptonote.org CryptoNote website]
* [https://forum.cryptonote.org Official forum]
* [https://github.com/amjuarez/bytecoin Reference code]
* [https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf White paper]

== CryptoNote based coins ==
* Bytecoin (BCN)
Bytecoin is the first CryptoNote-based currency, with release dating as early as July 2012. It possesses one of the largest ecosystems.
* duckNote (duck)
duckNote is a new experimental currency (a fork of Bytecoin).
* Fantomcoin (FCN)
Fantomcoin is the first CryptoNote currency to support merged mining of different CryptoNote-based coins.
As a result, the cryptographic security of the coins is increased.
* Monero (XMR)
It has been launched as a fork of Bytecoin in April 2014.
XMR has the fastest block generation speed of 1 minute.
* Quazarcoin (QCN)
It has a flatter emission curve and a clear launch for the wider community.
* Boolberry (BBR)
BBR utilizes blockchain-based Wild Keccak hash function instead of CryptoNight.

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:Digital currencies]]
[[Category:Anonymity]]

CryptoNote

2014-06-16T10:08:41Z

Nordo:

CryptoNote is an open-source technology that allows creation of completely anonymous cryptocurrencies.
It proposes concepts and features, which aren't supported by Bitcoin yet.

== Features ==

=== Untraceable payments ===

Unlike traditional cryptocurrencies that mostly use unambiguous signatures to verify the transfer, CryptoNote utilizes [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_signature ring signature]. Ring signature is a more sophisticated scheme, which in fact may demand several different public keys for verification. In this case the transaction is signed by a group of users. Thus, the verifier may only identify that one of them was a signer, but not who exactly that was. The public key of a user may appear in a large number of ring signatures even if it was already used to sign her own transaction.

=== Unlinkable transactions ===

CryptoNote automatically creates multiple unique one-time addresses for each of the payments, which are created from the single public key. Even though the payment is sent to a public address, in the block chain it appears as if sent to a one-time address.

The sender uses randam data and the public address of the receiver to calculate this one-time key of the payment. The redemption of the funds requires the receiver's private key, so only the latter may receive the money sent to the one-time address. Moreover, no third party can discover the link between the one-time key and the receiver's public address.

=== Double-spending proof ===

In spite of being anonymous, CryptoNote's ring signatures restrict the double-spending attempt by linking the transactions with the same private key. The protocol uses the key image, derived from a private key through a one-way function. All the users keep the list of all the used key images, which are checked against a new transaction. In case there is a duplicate key image, the transaction is rejected as a double-spending attempt. However, the identity of the sender would still be unknown, since it is impossible to get the private key from its image.

=== Block chain analysis resistance ===

CryptoNote creates an obstacle for an analyst by using ring signatures and one-time addresses covered above. Every address of the payment is a unique one-time key, which is created from both the sender's and the receiver's data, and the usage of ring signature hides the exact outputs that have been spent for the input. Therefore, each next transaction increases the number of possible senders and hides the actual connection even more.

=== Adaptive limits ===

There are no hard constants and magic numbers in CryptoNote. Each limit (e.g., max block size, or min fee amount) is re-calculated based on the historical data of the system. Moreover, the difficulty and the max block size are automatically adjusted with each new block.
The main idea of the algorithm is to sum all the work that nodes have performed during the last 720 blocks and divide it by the time they have spent to accomplish it. The measure of the work is the corresponding difficulty value for each of the blocks.

=== Smooth emission ===

The coins are emitted smoothly, as the reward changes with each new block. This allows a predictable steady growth of money supply determined by the formula<ref>https://cryptonote.org/inside.php#smooth-emission</ref>:

BaseReward = (MSupply - A) >> 18
MSupply = 2^64 - 1 (atomic units)

=== Egalitarian proof of work ===

CryptoNote uses [[CryptoNight]] hashing algorithm as its proof-of-work.

The proof of work mechanism is actually a voting system. Users vote for the right order of the transactions, for enabling new features in the protocol and for the honest money supply distribution.

== Origins ==

Little is known about CryptoNote's origins. The official website uses supposedly fake names for the team members, while the white paper's author is Nicolas van Saberhagen, which is also likely to be a pseudonym. The white paper "CryptoNote v 2.0" is dated back to October 2013<ref>https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf</ref>.

The developers have mentioned at CryptoNote's official forum that the team actually consists of cryptographers, developers, and economists, but their identities have to be concealed currently<ref>https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=21#p61</ref>. It was also mentioned that the team developing CryptoNote had experience a schism and went separate ways<ref>https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=21#p73</ref>.

CryptoNote has been under development for some time before March 2014, but there is no evidence of the exact years of R&D.
CryptoNote's website mentions "2011—2014" in the footer.

== Philosophy ==

CryptoNote philosophy has several key points: privacy as a fundamental human right; government's influence and control remission as an aim.
The economy should be separated from politics, communities should set new transparent principles, and impartial cryptographic algorithms should control its implementation.

== See also ==

* [[CryptoNight]]

== External links ==

* [https://cryptonote.org CryptoNote website]
* [https://forum.cryptonote.org Official forum]
* [https://github.com/amjuarez/bytecoin Reference code]
* [https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf White paper]

== CryptoNote based coins ==
* Bytecoin (BCN)
Bytecoin is the first CryptoNote-based currency, with release dating as early as July 2012. It possesses one of the largest ecosystems.
* duckNote (duck)
duckNote is a new experimental currency (a fork of Bytecoin).
* Fantomcoin (FCN)
Fantomcoin is the first CryptoNote currency to support merged mining of different CryptoNote-based coins.
As a result, the cryptographic security of the coins is increased.
* Monero (XMR)
It has been launched as a fork of Bytecoin in April 2014.
XMR has the fastest block generation speed of 1 minute.
* Quazarcoin (QCN)
It has a flatter emission curve and a clear launch for the wider community.
* Boolberry (BBR)
BBR utilizes blockchain-based Wild Keccak hash function instead of CryptoNight.

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:Digital currencies]]
[[Category:Anonymity]]

CryptoNote

2014-06-16T09:43:19Z

Nordo: /* Origins */

CryptoNote is an open-source technology that allows creation of completely anonymous cryptocurrencies.
It proposes concepts and features, which aren't supported by Bitcoin yet.

== Features ==

=== Untraceable payments ===

Unlike traditional cryptocurrencies that mostly use unambiguous signatures to verify the transfer, CryptoNote utilizes [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_signature ring signature]. Ring signature is a more sophisticated scheme, which in fact may demand several different public keys for verification. In this case the transaction is signed by a group of users. Thus, the verifier may only identify that one of them was a signer, but not who exactly that was. The public key of a user may appear in a large number of ring signatures even if it was already used to sign her own transaction.

=== Unlinkable transactions ===

CryptoNote automatically creates multiple unique one-time addresses for each of the payments, which are created from the single public key. Even though the payment is sent to a public address, in the block chain it appears as if sent to a one-time address.

The sender uses randam data and the public address of the receiver to calculate this one-time key of the payment. The redemption of the funds requires the receiver's private key, so only the latter may receive the money sent to the one-time address. Moreover, no third party can discover the link between the one-time key and the receiver's public address.

=== Double-spending proof ===

In spite of being anonymous, CryptoNote's ring signatures restrict the double-spending attempt by linking the transactions with the same private key. The protocol uses the key image, derived from a private key through a one-way function. All the users keep the list of all the used key images, which are checked against a new transaction. In case there is a duplicate key image, the transaction is rejected as a double-spending attempt. However, the identity of the sender would still be unknown, since it is impossible to get the private key from its image.

=== Block chain analysis resistance ===

CryptoNote creates an obstacle for an analyst by using ring signatures and one-time addresses covered above. Every address of the payment is a unique one-time key, which is created from both the sender's and the receiver's data, and the usage of ring signature hides the exact outputs that have been spent for the input. Therefore, each next transaction increases the number of possible senders and hides the actual connection even more.

=== Adaptive limits ===

There are no hard constants and magic numbers in CryptoNote. Each limit (e.g., max block size, or min fee amount) is re-calculated based on the historical data of the system. Moreover, the difficulty and the max block size are automatically adjusted with each new block.
The main idea of the algorithm is to sum all the work that nodes have performed during the last 720 blocks and divide it by the time they have spent to accomplish it. The measure of the work is the corresponding difficulty value for each of the blocks.

=== Smooth emission ===

The coins are emitted smoothly, as the reward changes with each new block. This allows a predictable steady growth of money supply determined by the formula<ref>https://cryptonote.org/inside.php#smooth-emission</ref>:

BaseReward = (MSupply - A) >> 18
MSupply = 2^64 - 1 (atomic units)

=== Egalitarian proof of work ===

CryptoNote uses [[CryptoNight]] hashing algorithm as its proof-of-work.

The proof of work mechanism is actually a voting system. Users vote for the right order of the transactions, for enabling new features in the protocol and for the honest money supply distribution.

== Origins ==

Little is known about CryptoNote's origins. The official website uses supposedly fake names for the team members, while the white paper's author is Nicolas van Saberhagen, which is also likely to be a pseudonym. The white paper "CryptoNote v 2.0" is dated back to October 2013<ref>https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf</ref>.

The developers have mentioned at CryptoNote's official forum that the team actually consists of cryptographers, developers, and economists, but their identities have to be concealed currently<ref>https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=21#p61</ref>. It was also mentioned that the team developing CryptoNote had experience a schism and went separate ways<ref>https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=21#p73</ref>.

CryptoNote's website mentions "2011—2014" in the footer.

== Philosophy ==

CryptoNote philosophy has several key points: privacy as a fundamental human right; government's influence and control remission as an aim.
The economy should be separated from politics, communities should set new transparent principles, and impartial cryptographic algorithms should control its implementation.

== See also ==

* [[CryptoNight]]

== External links ==

* [https://cryptonote.org CryptoNote website]
* [https://forum.cryptonote.org Official forum]
* [https://github.com/amjuarez/bytecoin Reference code]
* [https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf White paper]

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:Digital currencies]]
[[Category:Anonymity]]