https://en.bitcoin.it/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Name 2026-04-26T11:25:09Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.8 https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=CryptoNote&diff=48291 2014-06-19T16:33:04Z

<p>Name: /* Origins */</p> <hr /> <div>CryptoNote is an open-source technology that allows creation of completely anonymous cryptocurrencies.<br /> It proposes concepts and features, which aren't supported by Bitcoin yet.<br /> <br /> == Features == <br /> <br /> === Untraceable payments ===<br /> <br /> Unlike traditional cryptocurrencies that mostly use unambiguous signatures to verify the transfer, CryptoNote utilizes [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_signature ring signature]. Ring signature is a more sophisticated scheme, which in fact may demand several different public keys for verification. In this case the transaction is signed by a group of users. Thus, the verifier may only identify that one of them was a signer, but not who exactly that was. The public key of a user may appear in a large number of ring signatures even if it was already used to sign her own transaction.<br /> <br /> === Unlinkable transactions ===<br /> <br /> CryptoNote automatically creates multiple unique one-time addresses for each of the payments, which are created from the single public key. Even though the payment is sent to a public address, in the block chain it appears as if sent to a one-time address.<br /> <br /> The sender uses randam data and the public address of the receiver to calculate this one-time key of the payment. The redemption of the funds requires the receiver's private key, so only the latter may receive the money sent to the one-time address. Moreover, no third party can discover the link between the one-time key and the receiver's public address.<br /> <br /> === Double-spending proof ===<br /> <br /> In spite of being anonymous, CryptoNote's ring signatures restrict the double-spending attempt by linking the transactions with the same private key. The protocol uses the key image, derived from a private key through a one-way function. All the users keep the list of all the used key images, which are checked against a new transaction. In case there is a duplicate key image, the transaction is rejected as a double-spending attempt. However, the identity of the sender would still be unknown, since it is impossible to get the private key from its image.<br /> <br /> === Block chain analysis resistance === <br /> <br /> CryptoNote creates an obstacle for an analyst by using ring signatures and one-time addresses covered above. Every address of the payment is a unique one-time key, which is created from both the sender's and the receiver's data, and the usage of ring signature hides the exact outputs that have been spent for the input. Therefore, each next transaction increases the number of possible senders and hides the actual connection even more.<br /> <br /> === Adaptive limits === <br /> <br /> There are no hard constants and magic numbers in CryptoNote. Each limit (e.g., max block size, or min fee amount) is re-calculated based on the historical data of the system. Moreover, the difficulty and the max block size are automatically adjusted with each new block. <br /> The main idea of the algorithm is to sum all the work that nodes have performed during the last 720 blocks and divide it by the time they have spent to accomplish it. The measure of the work is the corresponding difficulty value for each of the blocks. <br /> <br /> === Smooth emission ===<br /> <br /> The coins are emitted smoothly, as the reward changes with each new block. This allows a predictable steady growth of money supply determined by the formula&lt;ref&gt;https://cryptonote.org/inside.php#smooth-emission&lt;/ref&gt;:<br /> <br /> BaseReward = (MSupply - A) &gt;&gt; 18<br /> MSupply = 2^64 - 1 (atomic units)<br /> <br /> === Egalitarian proof of work ===<br /> <br /> CryptoNote uses [[CryptoNight]] hashing algorithm as its proof-of-work.<br /> &lt;!-- Please rephrase in such a way that it is true (this wording is NOT true):<br /> Its main feature is that it is suitable only for the ordinary PCs, since CryptoNight utilizes built-in CPU instructions, which are too expensive to implement in the special purpose devices. Therefore, unlike SHA256d, it allows preserving the equality among various users and prohibits centralization of the network in the hands of several miners.<br /> --&gt;<br /> The proof of work mechanism is actually a voting system. Users vote for the right order of the transactions, for enabling new features in the protocol and for the honest money supply distribution.<br /> <br /> == Origins ==<br /> <br /> The first version of CN – CryptoNote v.1 (December 12 2012) was published in Tor http://ol346fucnsjru223.onion/whitepaper.pdf <br /> <br /> Little is known about CryptoNote's origins. The official website uses supposedly fake names for the team members, while the white paper's author is Nicolas van Saberhagen, which is also likely to be a pseudonym. The white paper &quot;CryptoNote v 2.0&quot; is dated back to October 2013&lt;ref&gt;https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;.<br /> <br /> The developers have mentioned at CryptoNote's official forum that the team actually consists of cryptographers, developers, and economists, but their identities have to be concealed currently&lt;ref&gt;https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&amp;t=21#p61&lt;/ref&gt;. It was also mentioned that the team developing CryptoNote had experience a schism and went separate ways&lt;ref&gt;https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&amp;t=21#p73&lt;/ref&gt;. <br /> CryptoNote reference code was first released for Bytecoin in 2012.<br /> <br /> CryptoNote's website mentions &quot;2011—2014&quot; in the footer.<br /> <br /> == Philosophy ==<br /> <br /> CryptoNote philosophy has several key points: privacy as a fundamental human right; government's influence and control remission as an aim. <br /> The economy should be separated from politics, communities should set new transparent principles, and impartial cryptographic algorithms should control its implementation.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[CryptoNight]]<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * [https://cryptonote.org CryptoNote website]<br /> * [https://forum.cryptonote.org Official forum]<br /> * [https://github.com/amjuarez/bytecoin Reference code]<br /> * [https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf White paper]<br /> * [https://cryptonote.org/coins.php CryptoNote Currencies]<br /> <br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Digital currencies]]<br /> [[Category:Anonymity]]</div>

Name https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=CryptoNight&diff=48290 2014-06-19T16:10:47Z

<p>Name: </p> <hr /> <div>CryptoNight is a proof-of-work algorithm.<br /> It is designed to be suitable for ordinary PC CPUs, but currently no special purpose devices for mining are available.<br /> Therefore, CryptoNight can only be CPU-mined for the time being.<br /> CryptoNight is the main CryptoNote's hash function. <br /> <br /> == Principles ==<br /> <br /> CryptoNight relies on random access to the slow memory and emphasizes latency dependence. Each new block depends on all the previous blocks (unlike, for example, [[scrypt proof of work|scrypt]]). The algorithm requires about 2 Mb per instance:<br /> <br /> # It fits in the L3 cache (per core) of modern processors.<br /> # A megabyte of internal memory is almost unacceptable for the modern ASICs.<br /> # GPUs may run hundreds of concurrent instances, but they are limited in other ways. GDDR5 memory is slower than the CPU L3 cache and remarkable for its bandwidth, not random access speed.<br /> # Significant expansion of the scratchpad would require an increase in iterations, which in turn implies an overall time increase. &quot;Heavy&quot; calls in a trustless p2p network may lead to serious vulnerabilities, because nodes are obliged to check every new block's proof-of-work. If a node spends a considerable amount of time on each hash evaluation, it can be easily DDoSed by a flood of fake objects with arbitrary work data (nonce values).<br /> <br /> == External Links ==<br /> <br /> * [https://cryptonote.org/inside.php#equal-proof-of-work CryptoNight on CryptoNote's website]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Digital currencies]]<br /> [[Category:Technical]]</div>

Name https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=CryptoNight&diff=48289 2014-06-19T16:08:27Z

<p>Name: </p> <hr /> <div>CryptoNight is a proof-of-work algorithm.<br /> It is designed to be suitable for ordinary PC CPUs, but currently no special purpose devices for mining are available.<br /> Therefore, CryptoNight can only be CPU-mined for the time being.<br /> CryptoNight is the main CryptoNote's hash-function. <br /> <br /> == Principles ==<br /> <br /> CryptoNight relies on random access to the slow memory and emphasizes latency dependence. Each new block depends on all the previous blocks (unlike, for example, [[scrypt proof of work|scrypt]]). The algorithm requires about 2 Mb per instance:<br /> <br /> # It fits in the L3 cache (per core) of modern processors.<br /> # A megabyte of internal memory is almost unacceptable for the modern ASICs.<br /> # GPUs may run hundreds of concurrent instances, but they are limited in other ways. GDDR5 memory is slower than the CPU L3 cache and remarkable for its bandwidth, not random access speed.<br /> # Significant expansion of the scratchpad would require an increase in iterations, which in turn implies an overall time increase. &quot;Heavy&quot; calls in a trustless p2p network may lead to serious vulnerabilities, because nodes are obliged to check every new block's proof-of-work. If a node spends a considerable amount of time on each hash evaluation, it can be easily DDoSed by a flood of fake objects with arbitrary work data (nonce values).<br /> <br /> == External Links ==<br /> <br /> * [https://cryptonote.org/inside.php#equal-proof-of-work CryptoNight on CryptoNote's website]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Digital currencies]]<br /> [[Category:Technical]]</div>

Name https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=CryptoNote&diff=48238 2014-06-16T17:00:35Z

<p>Name: </p> <hr /> <div>CryptoNote is an open-source technology that allows creation of completely anonymous cryptocurrencies.<br /> It proposes concepts and features, which aren't supported by Bitcoin yet.<br /> <br /> == Features == <br /> <br /> === Untraceable payments ===<br /> <br /> Unlike traditional cryptocurrencies that mostly use unambiguous signatures to verify the transfer, CryptoNote utilizes [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_signature ring signature]. Ring signature is a more sophisticated scheme, which in fact may demand several different public keys for verification. In this case the transaction is signed by a group of users. Thus, the verifier may only identify that one of them was a signer, but not who exactly that was. The public key of a user may appear in a large number of ring signatures even if it was already used to sign her own transaction.<br /> <br /> === Unlinkable transactions ===<br /> <br /> CryptoNote automatically creates multiple unique one-time addresses for each of the payments, which are created from the single public key. Even though the payment is sent to a public address, in the block chain it appears as if sent to a one-time address.<br /> <br /> The sender uses randam data and the public address of the receiver to calculate this one-time key of the payment. The redemption of the funds requires the receiver's private key, so only the latter may receive the money sent to the one-time address. Moreover, no third party can discover the link between the one-time key and the receiver's public address.<br /> <br /> === Double-spending proof ===<br /> <br /> In spite of being anonymous, CryptoNote's ring signatures restrict the double-spending attempt by linking the transactions with the same private key. The protocol uses the key image, derived from a private key through a one-way function. All the users keep the list of all the used key images, which are checked against a new transaction. In case there is a duplicate key image, the transaction is rejected as a double-spending attempt. However, the identity of the sender would still be unknown, since it is impossible to get the private key from its image.<br /> <br /> === Block chain analysis resistance === <br /> <br /> CryptoNote creates an obstacle for an analyst by using ring signatures and one-time addresses covered above. Every address of the payment is a unique one-time key, which is created from both the sender's and the receiver's data, and the usage of ring signature hides the exact outputs that have been spent for the input. Therefore, each next transaction increases the number of possible senders and hides the actual connection even more.<br /> <br /> === Adaptive limits === <br /> <br /> There are no hard constants and magic numbers in CryptoNote. Each limit (e.g., max block size, or min fee amount) is re-calculated based on the historical data of the system. Moreover, the difficulty and the max block size are automatically adjusted with each new block. <br /> The main idea of the algorithm is to sum all the work that nodes have performed during the last 720 blocks and divide it by the time they have spent to accomplish it. The measure of the work is the corresponding difficulty value for each of the blocks. <br /> <br /> === Smooth emission ===<br /> <br /> The coins are emitted smoothly, as the reward changes with each new block. This allows a predictable steady growth of money supply determined by the formula&lt;ref&gt;https://cryptonote.org/inside.php#smooth-emission&lt;/ref&gt;:<br /> <br /> BaseReward = (MSupply - A) &gt;&gt; 18<br /> MSupply = 2^64 - 1 (atomic units)<br /> <br /> === Egalitarian proof of work ===<br /> <br /> CryptoNote uses [[CryptoNight]] hashing algorithm as its proof-of-work.<br /> &lt;!-- Please rephrase in such a way that it is true (this wording is NOT true):<br /> Its main feature is that it is suitable only for the ordinary PCs, since CryptoNight utilizes built-in CPU instructions, which are too expensive to implement in the special purpose devices. Therefore, unlike SHA256d, it allows preserving the equality among various users and prohibits centralization of the network in the hands of several miners.<br /> --&gt;<br /> The proof of work mechanism is actually a voting system. Users vote for the right order of the transactions, for enabling new features in the protocol and for the honest money supply distribution.<br /> <br /> == Origins ==<br /> <br /> The first version of CN – CryptoNote v.1 (December 12 2012) was published in Tor http://ol346fucnsjru223.onion/whitepaper.pdf <br /> In this paper Bytecoin was mentioned as the first CryptoNote currency.<br /> <br /> Little is known about CryptoNote's origins. The official website uses supposedly fake names for the team members, while the white paper's author is Nicolas van Saberhagen, which is also likely to be a pseudonym. The white paper &quot;CryptoNote v 2.0&quot; is dated back to October 2013&lt;ref&gt;https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;.<br /> <br /> The developers have mentioned at CryptoNote's official forum that the team actually consists of cryptographers, developers, and economists, but their identities have to be concealed currently&lt;ref&gt;https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&amp;t=21#p61&lt;/ref&gt;. It was also mentioned that the team developing CryptoNote had experience a schism and went separate ways&lt;ref&gt;https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&amp;t=21#p73&lt;/ref&gt;. <br /> <br /> CryptoNote's website mentions &quot;2011—2014&quot; in the footer.<br /> <br /> == Philosophy ==<br /> <br /> CryptoNote philosophy has several key points: privacy as a fundamental human right; government's influence and control remission as an aim. <br /> The economy should be separated from politics, communities should set new transparent principles, and impartial cryptographic algorithms should control its implementation.<br /> <br /> == CryptoNote based coins ==<br /> * Bytecoin (BCN)<br /> Bytecoin is the first CryptoNote-based currency, with release dating as early as July 2012. It possess one of the largest ecosystems. <br /> * duckNote (duck)<br /> duckNote is a new experimental currency (a fork of Bytecoin).<br /> * Fantomcoin (FCN)<br /> Fantomcoin is the first CryptoNote currency to support merged mining of different CryptoNote-based coins.<br /> As a result, the cryptographic security of the coins is increased.<br /> * Monero (XMR)<br /> It has been launched as a fork of Bytecoin in April 2014.<br /> XMR has the fastest block generation speed of 1 minute. <br /> * Quazarcoin (QCN)<br /> It has a flatter emission curve and a clear launch for the wider community. <br /> * Boolberry (BBR)<br /> BBR utilizes blockchain-based Wild Keccak hash function instead of CryptoNight.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[CryptoNight]]<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * [https://cryptonote.org CryptoNote website]<br /> * [https://forum.cryptonote.org Official forum]<br /> * [https://github.com/amjuarez/bytecoin Reference code]<br /> * [https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf White paper]<br /> * [https://cryptonote.org/coins.php CryptoNote Currencies]<br /> <br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Digital currencies]]<br /> [[Category:Anonymity]]</div>

Name https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=CryptoNote&diff=48231 2014-06-16T14:21:24Z

<p>Name: /* Origins */</p> <hr /> <div>CryptoNote is an open-source technology that allows creation of completely anonymous cryptocurrencies.<br /> It proposes concepts and features, which aren't supported by Bitcoin yet.<br /> <br /> == Features == <br /> <br /> === Untraceable payments ===<br /> <br /> Unlike traditional cryptocurrencies that mostly use unambiguous signatures to verify the transfer, CryptoNote utilizes [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_signature ring signature]. Ring signature is a more sophisticated scheme, which in fact may demand several different public keys for verification. In this case the transaction is signed by a group of users. Thus, the verifier may only identify that one of them was a signer, but not who exactly that was. The public key of a user may appear in a large number of ring signatures even if it was already used to sign her own transaction.<br /> <br /> === Unlinkable transactions ===<br /> <br /> CryptoNote automatically creates multiple unique one-time addresses for each of the payments, which are created from the single public key. Even though the payment is sent to a public address, in the block chain it appears as if sent to a one-time address.<br /> <br /> The sender uses randam data and the public address of the receiver to calculate this one-time key of the payment. The redemption of the funds requires the receiver's private key, so only the latter may receive the money sent to the one-time address. Moreover, no third party can discover the link between the one-time key and the receiver's public address.<br /> <br /> === Double-spending proof ===<br /> <br /> In spite of being anonymous, CryptoNote's ring signatures restrict the double-spending attempt by linking the transactions with the same private key. The protocol uses the key image, derived from a private key through a one-way function. All the users keep the list of all the used key images, which are checked against a new transaction. In case there is a duplicate key image, the transaction is rejected as a double-spending attempt. However, the identity of the sender would still be unknown, since it is impossible to get the private key from its image.<br /> <br /> === Block chain analysis resistance === <br /> <br /> CryptoNote creates an obstacle for an analyst by using ring signatures and one-time addresses covered above. Every address of the payment is a unique one-time key, which is created from both the sender's and the receiver's data, and the usage of ring signature hides the exact outputs that have been spent for the input. Therefore, each next transaction increases the number of possible senders and hides the actual connection even more.<br /> <br /> === Adaptive limits === <br /> <br /> There are no hard constants and magic numbers in CryptoNote. Each limit (e.g., max block size, or min fee amount) is re-calculated based on the historical data of the system. Moreover, the difficulty and the max block size are automatically adjusted with each new block. <br /> The main idea of the algorithm is to sum all the work that nodes have performed during the last 720 blocks and divide it by the time they have spent to accomplish it. The measure of the work is the corresponding difficulty value for each of the blocks. <br /> <br /> === Smooth emission ===<br /> <br /> The coins are emitted smoothly, as the reward changes with each new block. This allows a predictable steady growth of money supply determined by the formula&lt;ref&gt;https://cryptonote.org/inside.php#smooth-emission&lt;/ref&gt;:<br /> <br /> BaseReward = (MSupply - A) &gt;&gt; 18<br /> MSupply = 2^64 - 1 (atomic units)<br /> <br /> === Egalitarian proof of work ===<br /> <br /> CryptoNote uses [[CryptoNight]] hashing algorithm as its proof-of-work.<br /> &lt;!-- Please rephrase in such a way that it is true (this wording is NOT true):<br /> Its main feature is that it is suitable only for the ordinary PCs, since CryptoNight utilizes built-in CPU instructions, which are too expensive to implement in the special purpose devices. Therefore, unlike SHA256d, it allows preserving the equality among various users and prohibits centralization of the network in the hands of several miners.<br /> --&gt;<br /> The proof of work mechanism is actually a voting system. Users vote for the right order of the transactions, for enabling new features in the protocol and for the honest money supply distribution.<br /> <br /> == Origins ==<br /> <br /> The first version of CN – CryptoNote v.1 (December 12 2012) was published in Tor http://ol346fucnsjru223.onion/whitepaper.pdf <br /> In this paper Bytecoin was mentioned as the first CryptoNote currency.<br /> <br /> Little is known about CryptoNote's origins. The official website uses supposedly fake names for the team members, while the white paper's author is Nicolas van Saberhagen, which is also likely to be a pseudonym. The white paper &quot;CryptoNote v 2.0&quot; is dated back to October 2013&lt;ref&gt;https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;.<br /> <br /> The developers have mentioned at CryptoNote's official forum that the team actually consists of cryptographers, developers, and economists, but their identities have to be concealed currently&lt;ref&gt;https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&amp;t=21#p61&lt;/ref&gt;. It was also mentioned that the team developing CryptoNote had experience a schism and went separate ways&lt;ref&gt;https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&amp;t=21#p73&lt;/ref&gt;. <br /> <br /> CryptoNote's website mentions &quot;2011—2014&quot; in the footer.<br /> <br /> == Philosophy ==<br /> <br /> CryptoNote philosophy has several key points: privacy as a fundamental human right; government's influence and control remission as an aim. <br /> The economy should be separated from politics, communities should set new transparent principles, and impartial cryptographic algorithms should control its implementation.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[CryptoNight]]<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * [https://cryptonote.org CryptoNote website]<br /> * [https://forum.cryptonote.org Official forum]<br /> * [https://github.com/amjuarez/bytecoin Reference code]<br /> * [https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf White paper]<br /> <br /> == CryptoNote based coins ==<br /> * Bytecoin (BCN)<br /> Bytecoin is the first CryptoNote-based currency, with release dating as early as July 2012. It possess one of the largest ecosystems. <br /> * duckNote (duck)<br /> duckNote is a new experimental currency (a fork of Bytecoin).<br /> * Fantomcoin (FCN)<br /> Fantomcoin is the first CryptoNote currency to support merged mining of different CryptoNote-based coins.<br /> As a result, the cryptographic security of the coins is increased.<br /> * Monero (XMR)<br /> It has been launched as a fork of Bytecoin in April 2014.<br /> XMR has the fastest block generation speed of 1 minute. <br /> * Quazarcoin (QCN)<br /> It has a flatter emission curve and a clear launch for the wider community. <br /> * Boolberry (BBR)<br /> BBR utilizes blockchain-based Wild Keccak hash function instead of CryptoNight.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Digital currencies]]<br /> [[Category:Anonymity]]</div>

Name https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=CryptoNote&diff=48223 2014-06-16T12:50:19Z

<p>Name: /* CryptoNote based coins */</p> <hr /> <div>CryptoNote is an open-source technology that allows creation of completely anonymous cryptocurrencies.<br /> It proposes concepts and features, which aren't supported by Bitcoin yet.<br /> <br /> == Features == <br /> <br /> === Untraceable payments ===<br /> <br /> Unlike traditional cryptocurrencies that mostly use unambiguous signatures to verify the transfer, CryptoNote utilizes [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_signature ring signature]. Ring signature is a more sophisticated scheme, which in fact may demand several different public keys for verification. In this case the transaction is signed by a group of users. Thus, the verifier may only identify that one of them was a signer, but not who exactly that was. The public key of a user may appear in a large number of ring signatures even if it was already used to sign her own transaction.<br /> <br /> === Unlinkable transactions ===<br /> <br /> CryptoNote automatically creates multiple unique one-time addresses for each of the payments, which are created from the single public key. Even though the payment is sent to a public address, in the block chain it appears as if sent to a one-time address.<br /> <br /> The sender uses randam data and the public address of the receiver to calculate this one-time key of the payment. The redemption of the funds requires the receiver's private key, so only the latter may receive the money sent to the one-time address. Moreover, no third party can discover the link between the one-time key and the receiver's public address.<br /> <br /> === Double-spending proof ===<br /> <br /> In spite of being anonymous, CryptoNote's ring signatures restrict the double-spending attempt by linking the transactions with the same private key. The protocol uses the key image, derived from a private key through a one-way function. All the users keep the list of all the used key images, which are checked against a new transaction. In case there is a duplicate key image, the transaction is rejected as a double-spending attempt. However, the identity of the sender would still be unknown, since it is impossible to get the private key from its image.<br /> <br /> === Block chain analysis resistance === <br /> <br /> CryptoNote creates an obstacle for an analyst by using ring signatures and one-time addresses covered above. Every address of the payment is a unique one-time key, which is created from both the sender's and the receiver's data, and the usage of ring signature hides the exact outputs that have been spent for the input. Therefore, each next transaction increases the number of possible senders and hides the actual connection even more.<br /> <br /> === Adaptive limits === <br /> <br /> There are no hard constants and magic numbers in CryptoNote. Each limit (e.g., max block size, or min fee amount) is re-calculated based on the historical data of the system. Moreover, the difficulty and the max block size are automatically adjusted with each new block. <br /> The main idea of the algorithm is to sum all the work that nodes have performed during the last 720 blocks and divide it by the time they have spent to accomplish it. The measure of the work is the corresponding difficulty value for each of the blocks. <br /> <br /> === Smooth emission ===<br /> <br /> The coins are emitted smoothly, as the reward changes with each new block. This allows a predictable steady growth of money supply determined by the formula&lt;ref&gt;https://cryptonote.org/inside.php#smooth-emission&lt;/ref&gt;:<br /> <br /> BaseReward = (MSupply - A) &gt;&gt; 18<br /> MSupply = 2^64 - 1 (atomic units)<br /> <br /> === Egalitarian proof of work ===<br /> <br /> CryptoNote uses [[CryptoNight]] hashing algorithm as its proof-of-work.<br /> &lt;!-- Please rephrase in such a way that it is true (this wording is NOT true):<br /> Its main feature is that it is suitable only for the ordinary PCs, since CryptoNight utilizes built-in CPU instructions, which are too expensive to implement in the special purpose devices. Therefore, unlike SHA256d, it allows preserving the equality among various users and prohibits centralization of the network in the hands of several miners.<br /> --&gt;<br /> The proof of work mechanism is actually a voting system. Users vote for the right order of the transactions, for enabling new features in the protocol and for the honest money supply distribution.<br /> <br /> == Origins ==<br /> <br /> Little is known about CryptoNote's origins. The official website uses supposedly fake names for the team members, while the white paper's author is Nicolas van Saberhagen, which is also likely to be a pseudonym. The white paper &quot;CryptoNote v 2.0&quot; is dated back to October 2013&lt;ref&gt;https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;.<br /> <br /> The developers have mentioned at CryptoNote's official forum that the team actually consists of cryptographers, developers, and economists, but their identities have to be concealed currently&lt;ref&gt;https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&amp;t=21#p61&lt;/ref&gt;. It was also mentioned that the team developing CryptoNote had experience a schism and went separate ways&lt;ref&gt;https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&amp;t=21#p73&lt;/ref&gt;. <br /> <br /> CryptoNote's website mentions &quot;2011—2014&quot; in the footer.<br /> <br /> == Philosophy ==<br /> <br /> CryptoNote philosophy has several key points: privacy as a fundamental human right; government's influence and control remission as an aim. <br /> The economy should be separated from politics, communities should set new transparent principles, and impartial cryptographic algorithms should control its implementation.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[CryptoNight]]<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * [https://cryptonote.org CryptoNote website]<br /> * [https://forum.cryptonote.org Official forum]<br /> * [https://github.com/amjuarez/bytecoin Reference code]<br /> * [https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf White paper]<br /> <br /> == CryptoNote based coins ==<br /> * Bytecoin (BCN)<br /> Bytecoin is the first CryptoNote-based currency, with release dating as early as July 2012. It possess one of the largest ecosystems. <br /> * duckNote (duck)<br /> duckNote is a new experimental currency (a fork of Bytecoin).<br /> * Fantomcoin (FCN)<br /> Fantomcoin is the first CryptoNote currency to support merged mining of different CryptoNote-based coins.<br /> As a result, the cryptographic security of the coins is increased.<br /> * Monero (XMR)<br /> It has been launched as a fork of Bytecoin in April 2014.<br /> XMR has the fastest block generation speed of 1 minute. <br /> * Quazarcoin (QCN)<br /> It has a flatter emission curve and a clear launch for the wider community. <br /> * Boolberry (BBR)<br /> BBR utilizes blockchain-based Wild Keccak hash function instead of CryptoNight.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Digital currencies]]<br /> [[Category:Anonymity]]</div>

Name https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_cryptocurrencies&diff=48221 2014-06-16T11:46:18Z

<p>Name: /* Bytecoin (BCN) */</p> <hr /> <div>This article aims to list relevant cryptocurrencies, and [[:Bitcoin:About#Alternative cryptocurrencies|is the only article allowed to discuss altcoins specifically]].<br /> <br /> = Currencies =<br /> == Major ==<br /> === Bitcoin (BTC) ===<br /> * http://bitcoin.org/ <br /> * blocks every '''10 min'''<br /> * coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''<br /> * Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block<br /> * Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)<br /> * Launch Date: January 3rd, 2009<br /> <br /> === Namecoin (NMC) === <br /> * https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Namecoin<br /> * (merged mined with BTC) <br /> * https://github.com/vinced/namecoin <br /> * http://namecoin.info/<br /> * blocks every '''10 min'''<br /> * coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''<br /> * Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block<br /> * Market Cap: ???? BTC<br /> * Launch Date: April 18, 2011<br /> <br /> === Litecoin (LTC) ===<br /> * http://litecoin.org/<br /> * blocks every '''2.5 min'''<br /> * coin supply* '''84 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''<br /> * Initial Reward '''50''' coins per block<br /> * Market Cap: 150,000 BTC<br /> * Launch Date: October 2011<br /> <br /> === Dogecoin (Doge) ===<br /> * http://www.Dogecoin.com/<br /> * blocks every '''1 min'''<br /> * coin supply* '''99 Billion''' coins will be available and 5 Billion added every year.<br /> * hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''<br /> * Initial Reward '''1,000,000 - 0 (Random)''' coins per block<br /> * Market Cap: $56,000,000 <br /> * Launch Date: December 2013<br /> <br /> === [[Peercoin]] (PPC) ===<br /> * http://ppcoin.org/<br /> * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=101820.0<br /> * blocks every '''10 min'''<br /> * Coin supply* '''non-deterministic ''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment '''each block'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''<br /> * Reward '''varies on difficulty''' coins per block<br /> * Mining: Incorporates [[Proof of Stake]] coin Generation, contains central checksums to kickstart the protocol<br /> * Market Cap: ???? BTC<br /> * Launch Date: approx August 19th, 2012 (date of its [http://ppcoin.org/static/ppcoin-paper.pdf whitepaper])<br /> ** The public design phase of this coin was very brief.<br /> <br /> === Mastercoin (MSC) ===<br /> * http://www.mastercoin.org<br /> * Coin supply: 619478.59338440 MSC<br /> * Launch Date: September 1, 2013<br /> * Blockchain: Uses Bitcoin for transport, storage and security, inherits Bitcoin Protocol properties<br /> * Extended Properties: Distributed Exchange, Savings &amp; Guardian Addresses, Contracts for Difference, Smart Properties, User Currencies<br /> * Protocol: Master Protocol <br /> * Spec Github Repo: https://github.com/mastercoin-MSC/spec<br /> <br /> == New ==<br /> ''Please put here any coins whose concept are new. If a coin is discussed for 6 months and launched yesterday, it is not new.''<br /> <br /> === Hashcoin (HSC) ===<br /> * http://hashcoin.technology<br /> * Block reward: '''1024 HSC'''<br /> * Block time: '''10 seconds'''<br /> * Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''<br /> * Retarget: Every 720 blocks or every '''2 Hours'''<br /> * Coin supply: '''28.4 billion''' (28,401,840,000) total coins<br /> * Block reward halved every 9,467,280 blocks (~ 3 years)<br /> * Extended Properties: Decentralised Exchange, Real-time Payroll, Digitised Property Rights, Contract Rights &amp; Intellectual Property Rights, Trading Locales, DNA Records, Patents, Shares.<br /> * Launch Date: April 27, 2014<br /> <br /> === Omnicoin (OMNI) ===<br /> * http://omni-coin.co<br /> * Block reward: '''100 omnicoin'''<br /> * Block time: '''600 seconds'''<br /> * Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''<br /> * Retarget: Every 720 blocks or every '''2 Hours'''<br /> * Coin supply: '''41 million''' (41,840,000) total coins<br /> * Block reward halved every 21000 blocks <br /> * Launch Date: May 8, 2014<br /> * Going Live: June 1,2014<br /> <br /> === Coino (CON) ===<br /> * http://www.coino.org<br /> * PoW algorithm: '''Scrypt'''<br /> * Block reward: '''35 CON''' (First 140 Blocks only 1 Coin for instamine)<br /> * Block time: '''25 seconds'''<br /> * Retarget: '''1 Hour'''<br /> * Coin supply: '''100 million''' total coins<br /> * Launch Date: January 18, 2014<br /> <br /> === RonPaulCoin (RPC) ===<br /> * http://www.ronpaulcoin.com <br /> * Blocks every '''2 min'''<br /> * Coin supply '''2.1 million''' total coins<br /> * Difficulty adjustment '''every block'''<br /> * Hashing algorithm '''scrypt'''<br /> * Initial Reward '''1 '''coin per block<br /> * Block reward halved every 262k blocks (~ 4 years)<br /> * Launch Date: December 29, 2013<br /> <br /> === Betacoin (BET) ===<br /> * http://betacoin.org/ <br /> * Blocks every '''4 min'''<br /> * Coin supply* '''32 million''' coins will be mined in ~ first 6 years + '''0,39% annual'''<br /> * Difficulty adjustment* '''6 blocks'''<br /> * Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''<br /> * Initial Reward '''128 '''coins per block<br /> * Block reward halved every 126k blocks (~ 1 year)<br /> * Launch Date: October, 2013<br /> <br /> === Nxt (NXT) ===<br /> * http://nextcoin.org<br /> * Pronounced as &quot;Next&quot;<br /> * Blocks every '''1 min'''<br /> * Designed as 100% PoS ([[Proof of Stake|Proof-of-Stake]]) system<br /> * Coin supply* '''1 billion''' coins exist from the start distributed by 74 founding stake holders<br /> * Launch Date: September, 29, 2013<br /> <br /> === Globe (GLB) ===<br /> * http://www.globecrypto.com/ <br /> * Blocks every '''1 min'''<br /> * Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''<br /> * Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''<br /> * Initial Reward '''10''' coin per block<br /> * Block reward halved at 86.4k blocks, 5 coins per block thereafter, with 4% increase annually<br /> * Launch Date: December 06, 2013<br /> <br /> === Valutacoin(VAC) ===<br /> * http://valutacoin.com/ <br /> * blocks every '''10 min'''<br /> * coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''<br /> * Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block<br /> * Launch Date: April 2014<br /> <br /> == Minor ==<br /> <br /> === ImperialCoin (IMP) ===<br /> * http://imperialcoin.pw<br /> * SHA-256 algorithm<br /> * Not to be confused with IPC, a Scrypt coin.<br /> * Blocks every '''1 min'''<br /> * Unique difficulty system, made to be easier to mine with any device.<br /> * Coin supply is '''1.024 billion'''<br /> * Created only by a 14 year old.<br /> * Launch Date: March 1, 2014<br /> <br /> === Megacoin (MΣC) ===<br /> * http://www.megacoin.co.nz/<br /> * https://forum.megacoin.co.nz<br /> * Block Target is 2.5 minutes<br /> * Block reward halved every every 420,000 blocks<br /> * 25 coins per block<br /> * 42 Million total coins<br /> * Difficulty changes every block<br /> <br /> The implentation of the Kimoto Gravity well retargets difficulty every block. This keeps mining fair and secure for all miners and users of the coin, and prevents the rampant multipool abuse that was (and still is) common with most all other altcoins out on the market today. <br /> <br /> === [[Anoncoin]] (ANC) ===<br /> * https://anoncoin.net/<br /> * https://forum.anoncoin.net<br /> * Block Target is 3.4 minutes<br /> * Block reward halved every 306k blocks<br /> * 5 coins per block<br /> * 4.2 million total coins<br /> * Difficulty changes every block<br /> <br /> [[Anoncoin]]'s goal is to make the user more anonymous by providing built-in support for I2P and [[Zerocoin]].<br /> <br /> === Franko (FRK) ===<br /> * http://www.frankos.org/<br /> * http://forum.frankos.org<br /> * Block Target is 0.5 minutes<br /> * Block reward halved every 22m blocks<br /> * 0.25 coins per block<br /> * 11.2 million total coins<br /> * Difficulty changes every 720 blocks<br /> <br /> Franko is considered the crypto with the fairest adoption length. Accepted by over 50 merchants and 10 brick and mortar stores.<br /> <br /> Base currency used by the Franko Collective, a democratic group of developers.<br /> <br /> === FeatherCoin (FTC) ===<br /> * http://feathercoin.com/<br /> * A fork of Litecoin<br /> * 243 million total coins<br /> <br /> === CraftCoin (CRC) ===<br /> * http://craftcoin.net/<br /> * Based on Litecoin<br /> * Portable in-game currency for Minecraft Servers<br /> * 206,847 total coins<br /> <br /> === Tonal Bitcoin (TBC) ===<br /> * [[Tonal Bitcoin]]<br /> * (merged mined with BTC)<br /> * (blockchain shared with BTC)<br /> * (automatically converted to/from BTC)<br /> * blocks every '''10 min'''<br /> * Coin supply* '''7.8 tam''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''<br /> * Initial Reward '''1,2905.2''' coins per block<br /> * Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)<br /> * Launch Date: January 2rd, 2011<br /> <br /> === IxCoin (IXC) ===<br /> * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36701.0<br /> * (merged mined with BTC)<br /> * blocks every '''10 min'''<br /> * Coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''SHA1''' <br /> * Reward '''96 '''coins per block<br /> <br /> === Devcoin (DEV) ===<br /> * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=34586.0<br /> * (merged mined with BTC)<br /> * blocks every '''10 min'''<br /> * coin supply* '''constant generation''' coins will be available (???)<br /> * difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''<br /> * Reward '''50,000''' coins per block<br /> * '''EXTRA 90% block subsidy goes to foundation'''<br /> <br /> === Freicoin (FRC) ===<br /> * http://freico.in/<br /> * http://www.freicoin.org/<br /> * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=89843.0<br /> * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3816.0<br /> * blocks every '''10 minutes'''<br /> * coin supply* '''100 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''<br /> * [http://www.freicoin.org/freicoin-generation-graph-t41-20.html#p532 Arithmetically decreasing] reward<br /> * EXTRA: <br /> -- 4.89% annual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_currency demurrage]<br /> -- 80% block subsidy [http://www.freicoin.org/application-developer-best-practices-t87.html#p919 goes to foundation for the first 3 years] (about 500 coins for each of first 161280 blocks, total 80m)<br /> -- [u]In need of Dev work on daemon, client etc but network still running[/u]<br /> <br /> === I0coin (I0C) ===<br /> * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36425.0 ; https://github.com/kr105rlz/i0coin<br /> * Perhaps should be moved to Dead section?<br /> <br /> === Terracoin (TRC) ===<br /> * http://terracoin.org/<br /> * blocks every '''2 minutes'''<br /> * coin supply* '''42 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment '''30 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''<br /> * Reward '''20''' coins per block <br /> <br /> === Liquidcoin (LQC) ===<br /> * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=60026.0 <br /> * blocks every '''10 minutes'''<br /> * '''no cap''' as block subsidy has a minimum of 1 coin<br /> * Constant difficulty of '''0.5'''<br /> * Coin reward drops over time<br /> <br /> === BBQCoin (BQC) ===<br /> * http://blog.bbqcoin.org http://www.bbqcoin.com<br /> * blocks every '''1 minute'''<br /> * coin supply* '''88 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment '''60 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''<br /> * Reward '''42''' coins per block<br /> <br /> === BitBar (BTB) ===<br /> * http://bitbar.biz/home<br /> * blocks every '''10 minutes'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''<br /> * Reward '''1''' coin per block<br /> * Coin reward drops over time<br /> <br /> === Netcoin (NET) ===<br /> * Main - http://netcoin.org.uk/<br /> * Forums - http://forum.netcoinfoundation.org/<br /> * blocks every '''1 min'''<br /> * coin supply* '''320.6 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''<br /> * Initial Reward '''1024 '''coins per block<br /> * Reward Halves '''Every 3 months or 129,600 Blocks'''<br /> * Market Cap: approx. $200,000 (Dec 4th, 2013)<br /> * Launch Date: Sept 2nd, 2013<br /> <br /> === GoldCoin (GLD) ===<br /> * http://gldcoin.com/<br /> * https://www.gldtalk.org/<br /> * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=317568.0<br /> * blocks every '''2 minutes'''<br /> * coin supply* '''123 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''<br /> * reward '''45''' coins per block<br /> <br /> === Bytecoin (BCN) ===<br /> * '''BCN''' https://bytecoin.org<br /> * '''CryptoNote''' technology https://cryptonote.org/<br /> * Algorithm: '''CryptoNight'''<br /> * Started on July 4, 2012<br /> * Block time: '''120 seconds (2 minutes)'''<br /> * Difficulty retargets each block<br /> * Block reward decreases each block according to the formula: BaseReward = (MSupply - A)/2^18, where MSupply = (2^64 - 1) atomic units and 'A' is amount of already generated coins<br /> * Total 184.46 billion BCN<br /> * Bytecoin is '''not''' a fork Bitcoin<br /> * '''Forum''' https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.0<br /> * '''Forum''' https://cryptocointalk.com/forum/1362-bytecoin-bcn/<br /> * '''Twitter''' https://twitter.com/Bytecoin_BCN<br /> * '''Coin features:'''<br /> -- True anonymity &amp; data protection<br /> -- Untraceable payments use ring signature<br /> -- Unlinkable transactions with random data by the sender<br /> -- Blockchain analysis resistant<br /> -- Only CPU-mining &amp; ASIC-resistant<br /> -- POW mechanism is a voting system for users<br /> <br /> == Dead / dying ==<br /> ===Qubic===<br /> https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=112676.0<br /> Qubic Forum: http://qubic.boards.net<br /> ===TimeKoin===<br /> Still alive* http://timekoin.org/* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php topic=88467.0<br /> ===SC Solidcoin===<br /> scam?* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/SolidCoin ; http://solidcoin.info/<br /> ===GG Geist Geld===<br /> https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=42417.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/GeistGeld<br /> ===TBX Tenebrix===<br /> https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=45667.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/Tenebrix<br /> ===FBX Fairbrix===<br /> https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=46528.0 ; https://github.com/coblee/Fairbrix<br /> ===CLC Coiledcoin===<br /> killed in 51% attack ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=56675.0<br /> ===RUC Rucoin===<br /> https://www.rucoin.org/ ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=48582.0<br /> ===MMM MMMcoin===<br /> dead<br /> ===Weeds===<br /> [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]<br /> ===Beertoken===<br /> [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]<br /> <br /> =See Also=<br /> * [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 List of all cryptocoins] curated list on BitcoinTalk forum.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]</div>

Name https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_cryptocurrencies&diff=48219 2014-06-16T11:45:06Z

<p>Name: /* Minor */</p> <hr /> <div>This article aims to list relevant cryptocurrencies, and [[:Bitcoin:About#Alternative cryptocurrencies|is the only article allowed to discuss altcoins specifically]].<br /> <br /> = Currencies =<br /> == Major ==<br /> === Bitcoin (BTC) ===<br /> * http://bitcoin.org/ <br /> * blocks every '''10 min'''<br /> * coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''<br /> * Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block<br /> * Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)<br /> * Launch Date: January 3rd, 2009<br /> <br /> === Namecoin (NMC) === <br /> * https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Namecoin<br /> * (merged mined with BTC) <br /> * https://github.com/vinced/namecoin <br /> * http://namecoin.info/<br /> * blocks every '''10 min'''<br /> * coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''<br /> * Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block<br /> * Market Cap: ???? BTC<br /> * Launch Date: April 18, 2011<br /> <br /> === Litecoin (LTC) ===<br /> * http://litecoin.org/<br /> * blocks every '''2.5 min'''<br /> * coin supply* '''84 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''<br /> * Initial Reward '''50''' coins per block<br /> * Market Cap: 150,000 BTC<br /> * Launch Date: October 2011<br /> <br /> === Dogecoin (Doge) ===<br /> * http://www.Dogecoin.com/<br /> * blocks every '''1 min'''<br /> * coin supply* '''99 Billion''' coins will be available and 5 Billion added every year.<br /> * hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''<br /> * Initial Reward '''1,000,000 - 0 (Random)''' coins per block<br /> * Market Cap: $56,000,000 <br /> * Launch Date: December 2013<br /> <br /> === [[Peercoin]] (PPC) ===<br /> * http://ppcoin.org/<br /> * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=101820.0<br /> * blocks every '''10 min'''<br /> * Coin supply* '''non-deterministic ''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment '''each block'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''<br /> * Reward '''varies on difficulty''' coins per block<br /> * Mining: Incorporates [[Proof of Stake]] coin Generation, contains central checksums to kickstart the protocol<br /> * Market Cap: ???? BTC<br /> * Launch Date: approx August 19th, 2012 (date of its [http://ppcoin.org/static/ppcoin-paper.pdf whitepaper])<br /> ** The public design phase of this coin was very brief.<br /> <br /> === Mastercoin (MSC) ===<br /> * http://www.mastercoin.org<br /> * Coin supply: 619478.59338440 MSC<br /> * Launch Date: September 1, 2013<br /> * Blockchain: Uses Bitcoin for transport, storage and security, inherits Bitcoin Protocol properties<br /> * Extended Properties: Distributed Exchange, Savings &amp; Guardian Addresses, Contracts for Difference, Smart Properties, User Currencies<br /> * Protocol: Master Protocol <br /> * Spec Github Repo: https://github.com/mastercoin-MSC/spec<br /> <br /> == New ==<br /> ''Please put here any coins whose concept are new. If a coin is discussed for 6 months and launched yesterday, it is not new.''<br /> <br /> === Hashcoin (HSC) ===<br /> * http://hashcoin.technology<br /> * Block reward: '''1024 HSC'''<br /> * Block time: '''10 seconds'''<br /> * Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''<br /> * Retarget: Every 720 blocks or every '''2 Hours'''<br /> * Coin supply: '''28.4 billion''' (28,401,840,000) total coins<br /> * Block reward halved every 9,467,280 blocks (~ 3 years)<br /> * Extended Properties: Decentralised Exchange, Real-time Payroll, Digitised Property Rights, Contract Rights &amp; Intellectual Property Rights, Trading Locales, DNA Records, Patents, Shares.<br /> * Launch Date: April 27, 2014<br /> <br /> === Omnicoin (OMNI) ===<br /> * http://omni-coin.co<br /> * Block reward: '''100 omnicoin'''<br /> * Block time: '''600 seconds'''<br /> * Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''<br /> * Retarget: Every 720 blocks or every '''2 Hours'''<br /> * Coin supply: '''41 million''' (41,840,000) total coins<br /> * Block reward halved every 21000 blocks <br /> * Launch Date: May 8, 2014<br /> * Going Live: June 1,2014<br /> <br /> === Coino (CON) ===<br /> * http://www.coino.org<br /> * PoW algorithm: '''Scrypt'''<br /> * Block reward: '''35 CON''' (First 140 Blocks only 1 Coin for instamine)<br /> * Block time: '''25 seconds'''<br /> * Retarget: '''1 Hour'''<br /> * Coin supply: '''100 million''' total coins<br /> * Launch Date: January 18, 2014<br /> <br /> === RonPaulCoin (RPC) ===<br /> * http://www.ronpaulcoin.com <br /> * Blocks every '''2 min'''<br /> * Coin supply '''2.1 million''' total coins<br /> * Difficulty adjustment '''every block'''<br /> * Hashing algorithm '''scrypt'''<br /> * Initial Reward '''1 '''coin per block<br /> * Block reward halved every 262k blocks (~ 4 years)<br /> * Launch Date: December 29, 2013<br /> <br /> === Betacoin (BET) ===<br /> * http://betacoin.org/ <br /> * Blocks every '''4 min'''<br /> * Coin supply* '''32 million''' coins will be mined in ~ first 6 years + '''0,39% annual'''<br /> * Difficulty adjustment* '''6 blocks'''<br /> * Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''<br /> * Initial Reward '''128 '''coins per block<br /> * Block reward halved every 126k blocks (~ 1 year)<br /> * Launch Date: October, 2013<br /> <br /> === Nxt (NXT) ===<br /> * http://nextcoin.org<br /> * Pronounced as &quot;Next&quot;<br /> * Blocks every '''1 min'''<br /> * Designed as 100% PoS ([[Proof of Stake|Proof-of-Stake]]) system<br /> * Coin supply* '''1 billion''' coins exist from the start distributed by 74 founding stake holders<br /> * Launch Date: September, 29, 2013<br /> <br /> === Globe (GLB) ===<br /> * http://www.globecrypto.com/ <br /> * Blocks every '''1 min'''<br /> * Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''<br /> * Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''<br /> * Initial Reward '''10''' coin per block<br /> * Block reward halved at 86.4k blocks, 5 coins per block thereafter, with 4% increase annually<br /> * Launch Date: December 06, 2013<br /> <br /> === Valutacoin(VAC) ===<br /> * http://valutacoin.com/ <br /> * blocks every '''10 min'''<br /> * coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''<br /> * Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block<br /> * Launch Date: April 2014<br /> <br /> == Minor ==<br /> <br /> === ImperialCoin (IMP) ===<br /> * http://imperialcoin.pw<br /> * SHA-256 algorithm<br /> * Not to be confused with IPC, a Scrypt coin.<br /> * Blocks every '''1 min'''<br /> * Unique difficulty system, made to be easier to mine with any device.<br /> * Coin supply is '''1.024 billion'''<br /> * Created only by a 14 year old.<br /> * Launch Date: March 1, 2014<br /> <br /> === Megacoin (MΣC) ===<br /> * http://www.megacoin.co.nz/<br /> * https://forum.megacoin.co.nz<br /> * Block Target is 2.5 minutes<br /> * Block reward halved every every 420,000 blocks<br /> * 25 coins per block<br /> * 42 Million total coins<br /> * Difficulty changes every block<br /> <br /> The implentation of the Kimoto Gravity well retargets difficulty every block. This keeps mining fair and secure for all miners and users of the coin, and prevents the rampant multipool abuse that was (and still is) common with most all other altcoins out on the market today. <br /> <br /> === [[Anoncoin]] (ANC) ===<br /> * https://anoncoin.net/<br /> * https://forum.anoncoin.net<br /> * Block Target is 3.4 minutes<br /> * Block reward halved every 306k blocks<br /> * 5 coins per block<br /> * 4.2 million total coins<br /> * Difficulty changes every block<br /> <br /> [[Anoncoin]]'s goal is to make the user more anonymous by providing built-in support for I2P and [[Zerocoin]].<br /> <br /> === Franko (FRK) ===<br /> * http://www.frankos.org/<br /> * http://forum.frankos.org<br /> * Block Target is 0.5 minutes<br /> * Block reward halved every 22m blocks<br /> * 0.25 coins per block<br /> * 11.2 million total coins<br /> * Difficulty changes every 720 blocks<br /> <br /> Franko is considered the crypto with the fairest adoption length. Accepted by over 50 merchants and 10 brick and mortar stores.<br /> <br /> Base currency used by the Franko Collective, a democratic group of developers.<br /> <br /> === FeatherCoin (FTC) ===<br /> * http://feathercoin.com/<br /> * A fork of Litecoin<br /> * 243 million total coins<br /> <br /> === CraftCoin (CRC) ===<br /> * http://craftcoin.net/<br /> * Based on Litecoin<br /> * Portable in-game currency for Minecraft Servers<br /> * 206,847 total coins<br /> <br /> === Tonal Bitcoin (TBC) ===<br /> * [[Tonal Bitcoin]]<br /> * (merged mined with BTC)<br /> * (blockchain shared with BTC)<br /> * (automatically converted to/from BTC)<br /> * blocks every '''10 min'''<br /> * Coin supply* '''7.8 tam''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''<br /> * Initial Reward '''1,2905.2''' coins per block<br /> * Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)<br /> * Launch Date: January 2rd, 2011<br /> <br /> === IxCoin (IXC) ===<br /> * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36701.0<br /> * (merged mined with BTC)<br /> * blocks every '''10 min'''<br /> * Coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''SHA1''' <br /> * Reward '''96 '''coins per block<br /> <br /> === Devcoin (DEV) ===<br /> * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=34586.0<br /> * (merged mined with BTC)<br /> * blocks every '''10 min'''<br /> * coin supply* '''constant generation''' coins will be available (???)<br /> * difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''<br /> * Reward '''50,000''' coins per block<br /> * '''EXTRA 90% block subsidy goes to foundation'''<br /> <br /> === Freicoin (FRC) ===<br /> * http://freico.in/<br /> * http://www.freicoin.org/<br /> * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=89843.0<br /> * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3816.0<br /> * blocks every '''10 minutes'''<br /> * coin supply* '''100 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''<br /> * [http://www.freicoin.org/freicoin-generation-graph-t41-20.html#p532 Arithmetically decreasing] reward<br /> * EXTRA: <br /> -- 4.89% annual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_currency demurrage]<br /> -- 80% block subsidy [http://www.freicoin.org/application-developer-best-practices-t87.html#p919 goes to foundation for the first 3 years] (about 500 coins for each of first 161280 blocks, total 80m)<br /> -- [u]In need of Dev work on daemon, client etc but network still running[/u]<br /> <br /> === I0coin (I0C) ===<br /> * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36425.0 ; https://github.com/kr105rlz/i0coin<br /> * Perhaps should be moved to Dead section?<br /> <br /> === Terracoin (TRC) ===<br /> * http://terracoin.org/<br /> * blocks every '''2 minutes'''<br /> * coin supply* '''42 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment '''30 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''<br /> * Reward '''20''' coins per block <br /> <br /> === Liquidcoin (LQC) ===<br /> * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=60026.0 <br /> * blocks every '''10 minutes'''<br /> * '''no cap''' as block subsidy has a minimum of 1 coin<br /> * Constant difficulty of '''0.5'''<br /> * Coin reward drops over time<br /> <br /> === BBQCoin (BQC) ===<br /> * http://blog.bbqcoin.org http://www.bbqcoin.com<br /> * blocks every '''1 minute'''<br /> * coin supply* '''88 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment '''60 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''<br /> * Reward '''42''' coins per block<br /> <br /> === BitBar (BTB) ===<br /> * http://bitbar.biz/home<br /> * blocks every '''10 minutes'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''<br /> * Reward '''1''' coin per block<br /> * Coin reward drops over time<br /> <br /> === Netcoin (NET) ===<br /> * Main - http://netcoin.org.uk/<br /> * Forums - http://forum.netcoinfoundation.org/<br /> * blocks every '''1 min'''<br /> * coin supply* '''320.6 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''<br /> * Initial Reward '''1024 '''coins per block<br /> * Reward Halves '''Every 3 months or 129,600 Blocks'''<br /> * Market Cap: approx. $200,000 (Dec 4th, 2013)<br /> * Launch Date: Sept 2nd, 2013<br /> <br /> === GoldCoin (GLD) ===<br /> * http://gldcoin.com/<br /> * https://www.gldtalk.org/<br /> * https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=317568.0<br /> * blocks every '''2 minutes'''<br /> * coin supply* '''123 million''' coins will be available<br /> * difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''<br /> * hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''<br /> * reward '''45''' coins per block<br /> <br /> === Bytecoin (BCN) ===<br /> * '''BCN''' https://bytecoin.org<br /> * '''CryptoNote''' technology https://cryptonote.org/<br /> * Algorithm: '''CryptoNight'''<br /> * Started on July 4, 2012<br /> * Block time: '''120 seconds (2 minutes)'''<br /> * Difficulty retargets each block<br /> * Block reward decreases each block according to the formula: BaseReward = (MSupply - A)/2^18, where MSupply = (2^64 - 1) atomic units and 'A' is amount of already generated coins<br /> * Total 184.46 billion BCN<br /> * Bytecoin is '''not''' a fork Bitcoin<br /> * '''Forum''' https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.0<br /> * '''Forum''' https://cryptocointalk.com/forum/1362-bytecoin-bcn/<br /> * '''Twitter''' https://twitter.com/Bytecoin_BCN<br /> * '''Coin features'''<br /> -- True anonymity &amp; data protection<br /> -- Untraceable payments use ring signature<br /> -- Unlinkable transactions with random data by the sender<br /> -- Blockchain analysis resistant<br /> -- Only CPU-mining &amp; ASIC-resistant<br /> -- POW mechanism is a voting system for users<br /> <br /> == Dead / dying ==<br /> ===Qubic===<br /> https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=112676.0<br /> Qubic Forum: http://qubic.boards.net<br /> ===TimeKoin===<br /> Still alive* http://timekoin.org/* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php topic=88467.0<br /> ===SC Solidcoin===<br /> scam?* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/SolidCoin ; http://solidcoin.info/<br /> ===GG Geist Geld===<br /> https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=42417.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/GeistGeld<br /> ===TBX Tenebrix===<br /> https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=45667.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/Tenebrix<br /> ===FBX Fairbrix===<br /> https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=46528.0 ; https://github.com/coblee/Fairbrix<br /> ===CLC Coiledcoin===<br /> killed in 51% attack ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=56675.0<br /> ===RUC Rucoin===<br /> https://www.rucoin.org/ ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=48582.0<br /> ===MMM MMMcoin===<br /> dead<br /> ===Weeds===<br /> [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]<br /> ===Beertoken===<br /> [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]<br /> <br /> =See Also=<br /> * [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 List of all cryptocoins] curated list on BitcoinTalk forum.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]</div>

Name https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=CryptoNote&diff=46996 2014-05-05T11:51:29Z

<p>Name: /* Egalitarian proof of work */</p> <hr /> <div>CryptoNote is an open-source technology that allows creation of completely anonymous CPU-based cryptocurrencies. It proposes concepts and features, which haven't become mainstream in the altcoins yet. The only known digital currency to be based on CryptoNote is [[Bytecoin|Bytecoin [BCN]]].<br /> <br /> == Features == <br /> <br /> === Untraceable payments ===<br /> <br /> Unlike traditional cryptocurrencies that mostly use unambiguous signatures to verify the transfer, CryptoNote utilizes ring signature. Ring signature is a more sophisticated scheme, which in fact may demand several different public keys for verification. In this case the transaction is signed by a group of users. Thus, the verifier may only identify that one of them was a signer, but not who exactly that was. The public key of a user may appear in a large number of ring signatures even if it was already used to sign her own transaction.<br /> <br /> === Unlinkable transactions ===<br /> <br /> CryptoNote automatically creates multiple unique one-time addresses for each of the payments, which are created from the single public key. Even though the payment is sent to a public address, in the block chain it appears as if sent to a one-time address.<br /> <br /> The sender uses randam data and the public address of the receiver to calculate this one-time key of the payment. The redemption of the funds requires the receiver's private key, so only the latter may receive the money sent to the one-time address. Moreover, no third party can discover the link between the one-time key and the receiver's public address.<br /> <br /> === Double-spending proof ===<br /> <br /> In spite of being anonymous, CryptoNote's ring signatures restrict the double-spending attempt by linking the transactions with the same private key. The protocol uses the key image, derived from a private key through a one-way function. All the users keep the list of all the used key images, which are checked against a new transaction. In case there is a duplicate key image, the transaction is rejected as a double-spending attempt. However, the identity of the sender would still be unknown, since it is impossible to get the private key from its image.<br /> <br /> === Block chain analysis resistance === <br /> <br /> CryptoNote creates an obstacle for an analyst by using ring signatures and one-time addresses covered above. Every address of the payment is a unique one-time key, which is created from both the sender's and the receiver's data, and the usage of ring signature hides the exact outputs that have been spent for the input. Therefore, each next transaction increases the number of possible senders and hides the actual connection even more.<br /> <br /> === Adaptive limits === <br /> <br /> There are no hard constants and magic numbers in CryptoNote. Each limit (e.g., max block size, or min fee amount) is re-calculated based on the historical data of the system. Moreover, the difficulty and the max block size are automatically adjusted with each new block. <br /> The main idea of the algorithm is to sum all the work that nodes have performed during the last 720 blocks and divide it by the time they have spent to accomplish it. The measure of the work is the corresponding difficulty value for each of the blocks. <br /> <br /> === Smooth emission ===<br /> <br /> The coins are emitted smoothly, as the reward changes with each new block. This allows a predictable steady growth of money supply determined by the formula&lt;ref&gt;hhttps://cryptonote.org/inside.php#smooth-emission&lt;/ref&gt;:<br /> <br /> BaseReward = (MSupply - A) &gt;&gt; 18<br /> MSupply = 2^64 - 1 (atomic units)<br /> <br /> === Egalitarian proof of work ===<br /> <br /> CryptoNote uses [[CryptoNight]] hashing algorithm as its proof-of-work. Its main feature is that it is suitable only for the ordinary PCs, since CryptoNight utilizes built-in CPU instructions, which are too expensive to implement in the special purpose devices. Therefore, unlike Bitcoin, it allows preserving the equality among various users and prohibits centralization of the network in the hands of several miners.<br /> The proof of work mechanism is actually a voting system. Users vote for the right order of the transactions, for enabling new features in the protocol and for the honest money supply distribution.<br /> <br /> == Origins ==<br /> <br /> Little is known about CryptoNote's origins. The official website uses supposedly fake names for the team members, while the white paper's author is Nicolas van Saberhagen, which is also likely to be a pseudonym. The white paper &quot;CryptoNote v 2.0&quot; is dated back to October 2013&lt;ref&gt;https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;.<br /> <br /> The developers have mentioned at CryptoNote's official forum that the team actually consists of cryptographers, developers, and economists, but their identities have to be concealed currently&lt;ref&gt;https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&amp;t=21#p61&lt;/ref&gt;. It was also mentioned that CryptoNote's team and Bytecoin's team have been developing the technology and the currency in a cooperation, but separated soon after the launch&lt;ref&gt;https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&amp;t=21#p73&lt;/ref&gt;. <br /> <br /> CryptoNote has have been under development for some time before Bytecoin's launch on the clearnet in March 2014, but there is no evidence of the exact years of R&amp;D. CryptoNote's website mentions &quot;2011—2014&quot; in the footer.<br /> <br /> == Implementation ==<br /> <br /> The first alternate currency to be based on CryptoNote is [[Bytecoin]]. CryptoNote forum has a separate branch for those who would like to implement the protocol in another altcoin&lt;ref&gt;https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=6&amp;t=7&lt;/ref&gt;. However, the reference code is still Bytecoin&lt;ref&gt;https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=6&amp;t=6#p8&lt;/ref&gt;.<br /> <br /> == Philosophy ==<br /> <br /> CryptoNote philosophy has several key points: privacy as a fundamental human right; government's influence and control remission as an aim. <br /> The economy should be separated from politics, communities should set new transparent principles, and impartial cryptographic algorithms should control its implementation.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[Bytecoin]]<br /> * [[CryptoNight]]<br /> <br /> == External links ===<br /> <br /> * [https://cryptonote.org CryptoNote website]<br /> * [https://forum.cryptonote.org Official forum]<br /> * [https://github.com/amjuarez/bytecoin Reference code]<br /> * [https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf White paper]<br /> * [https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&amp;t=30&amp;sid=fe71718a7198f8ccc9e1319e0b1864b6]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]<br /> [[Category:Digital currencies]]<br /> [[Category:Anonymity]]</div>

Name https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=CryptoNote&diff=46794 2014-04-25T12:36:30Z

<p>Name: /* Double-spending proof */</p> <hr /> <div>CryptoNote is an open-source technology that allows creation of completely anonymous CPU-based cryptocurrencies. It proposes concepts and features, which haven't become mainstream in the altcoins yet. The only known digital currency to be based on CryptoNote is [[Bytecoin|Bytecoin [BCN]]].<br /> <br /> == Features == <br /> <br /> === Untraceable payments ===<br /> <br /> Unlike traditional cryptocurrencies that mostly use unambiguous signatures to verify the transfer, CryptoNote utilizes ring signature. Ring signature is a more sophisticated scheme, which in fact may demand several different public keys for verification. In this case the transaction is signed by a group of users. Thus, the verifier may only identify that one of them was a signer, but not who exactly that was. The public key of a user may appear in a large number of ring signatures even if it was already used to sign her own transaction.<br /> <br /> === Unlinkable transactions ===<br /> <br /> CryptoNote automatically creates multiple unique one-time addresses for each of the payments, which are created from the single public key. Even though the payment is sent to a public address, in the block chain it appears as if sent to a one-time address.<br /> <br /> The sender uses randam data and the public address of the receiver to calculate this one-time key of the payment. The redemption of the funds requires the receiver's private key, so only the latter may receive the money sent to the one-time address. Moreover, no third party can discover the link between the one-time key and the receiver's public address.<br /> <br /> === Double-spending proof ===<br /> <br /> In spite of being anonymous, CryptoNote's ring signatures restrict the double-spending attempt by linking the transactions with the same private key. The protocol uses the key image, derived from a private key through a one-way function. All the users keep the list of all the used key images, which are checked against a new transaction. In case there is a duplicate key image, the transaction is rejected as a double-spending attempt. However, the identity of the sender would still be unknown, since it is impossible to get the private key from its image.<br /> <br /> === Block chain analysis resistance === <br /> <br /> CryptoNote creates an obstacle for an analyst by using ring signatures and one-time addresses covered above. Every address of the payment is a unique one-time key, which is created from both the sender's and the receiver's data, and the usage of ring signature hides the exact outputs that have been spent for the input. Therefore, each next transaction increases the number of possible senders and hides the actual connection even more.<br /> <br /> === Adaptive limits === <br /> <br /> There are no hard constants and magic numbers in CryptoNote. Each limit (e.g., max block size, or min fee amount) is re-calculated based on the historical data of the system. Moreover, the difficulty and the max block size are automatically adjusted with each new block.<br /> <br /> === Smooth emission ===<br /> <br /> The coins are emitted smoothly, as the reward changes with each new block. This allows a predictable steady growth of money supply determined by the formula&lt;ref&gt;hhttps://cryptonote.org/inside.php#smooth-emission&lt;/ref&gt;:<br /> <br /> BaseReward = (MSupply - A) &gt;&gt; 18<br /> MSupply = 2^64 - 1 (atomic units)<br /> <br /> === Egalitarian proof of work ===<br /> <br /> CryptoNote uses [[CryptoNight]] hashing algorithm as its proof-of-work. Its main feature is that it is suitable only for the ordinary PCs, since CryptoNight utilizes built-in CPU instructions, which are too expensive to implement in the special purpose devices. Therefore, unlike Bitcoin, it allows preserving the equality among various users and prohibits centralization of the network in the hands of several miners.<br /> <br /> == Origins ==<br /> <br /> Little is known about CryptoNote's origins. The official website uses supposedly fake names for the team members, while the white paper's author is Nicolas van Saberhagen, which is also likely to be a pseudonym. The white paper &quot;CryptoNote v 2.0&quot; is dated back to October 2013&lt;ref&gt;https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;.<br /> <br /> The developers have mentioned at CryptoNote's official forum that the team actually consists of cryptographers, developers, and economists, but their identities have to be concealed currently&lt;ref&gt;https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&amp;t=21#p61&lt;/ref&gt;. It was also mentioned that CryptoNote's team and Bytecoin's team have been developing the technology and the currency in a cooperation, but separated soon after the launch&lt;ref&gt;https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&amp;t=21#p73&lt;/ref&gt;. <br /> <br /> CryptoNote has have been under development for some time before Bytecoin's launch on the clearnet in March 2014, but there is no evidence of the exact years of R&amp;D. CryptoNote's website mentions &quot;2011—2014&quot; in the footer.<br /> <br /> == Implementation ==<br /> <br /> The first alternate currency to be based on CryptoNote is [[Bytecoin]]. CryptoNote forum has a separate branch for those who would like to implement the protocol in another altcoin&lt;ref&gt;https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=6&amp;t=7&lt;/ref&gt;. However, the reference code is still Bytecoin&lt;ref&gt;https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=6&amp;t=6#p8&lt;/ref&gt;.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[Bytecoin]]<br /> * [[CryptoNight]]<br /> <br /> == External links ===<br /> <br /> * [https://cryptonote.org CryptoNote website]<br /> * [https://forum.cryptonote.org Official forum]<br /> * [https://github.com/amjuarez/bytecoin Reference code]<br /> * [https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf White paper]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]<br /> [[Category:Digital currencies]]<br /> [[Category:Anonymity]]</div>

Name https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=CryptoNight&diff=46559 2014-04-17T16:07:55Z

<p>Name: </p> <hr /> <div>CryptoNight is the proof-of-work algorithm used in [[CryptoNote]] and [[Bytecoin|Bytecoin (BCN)]]. It is designed to be egalitarian, being suitable for ordinary PC CPUs, but not the special purpose devices for mining. Therefore, the currencies based on CryptoNight are CPU-mined only.<br /> <br /> == Principles ==<br /> <br /> CryptoNight relies on random access to the slow memory and emphasizes latency dependence. Each new block depends on all the previous blocks (unlike, for example, [[scrypt proof of work|scrypt]]). The algorithm requires about 2 Mb per instance:<br /> <br /> # It fits in the L3 cache (per core) of modern processors.<br /> # A megabyte of internal memory is almost unacceptable for the modern ASICs.<br /> # GPUs may run hundreds of concurrent instances, but they are limited in other ways. GDDR5 memory is slower than the CPU L3 cache and remarkable for its bandwidth, not random access speed.<br /> # Significant expansion of the scratchpad would require an increase in iterations, which in turn implies an overall time increase. &quot;Heavy&quot; calls in a trustless p2p network may lead to serious vulnerabilities, because nodes are obliged to check every new block's proof-of-work. If a node spends a considerable amount of time on each hash evaluation, it can be easily DDoSed by a flood of fake objects with arbitrary work data (nonce values).<br /> <br /> <br /> == See Also ==<br /> <br /> * [[Bytecoin]]<br /> * [[CryptoNote]]<br /> <br /> == External Links ==<br /> <br /> * [https://cryptonote.org/inside.php#equal-proof-of-work CryptoNight on CryptoNote's website]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]<br /> [[Category:Digital currencies]]<br /> [[Category:Technical]]</div>

Name https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=CryptoNight&diff=46558 2014-04-17T16:07:39Z

<p>Name: </p> <hr /> <div>CryptoNight is the proof-of-work algorithm used in [[CryptoNote]] and [[Bytecoin|Bytecoin (BCN)]]. It is designed to be egalitarian, being suitable for ordinary PC CPUs, but not the special purpose devices for mining. Therefore, the currencies based on CryptoNight are CPU-mined only.<br /> <br /> == Principles ==<br /> <br /> CryptoNight relies on random access to the slow memory and emphasizes latency dependence. Each new block depends on all the previous blocks (unlike, for example, [[scrypt proof of work|scrypt]]). The algorithm requires about 2 Mb per instance:<br /> <br /> # It fits in the L3 cache (per core) of modern processors.<br /> # A megabyte of internal memory is almost unacceptable for the modern ASICs.<br /> # GPUs may run hundreds of concurrent instances, but they are limited in other ways. GDDR5 memory is slower than the CPU L3 cache and remarkable for its bandwidth, not random access speed.<br /> # Significant expansion of the scratchpad would require an increase in iterations, which in turn implies an overall time increase. &quot;Heavy&quot; calls in a trustless p2p network may lead to serious vulnerabilities, because nodes are obliged to check every new block's proof-of-work. If a node spends a considerable amount of time on each hash evaluation, it can be easily DDoSed by a flood of fake objects with arbitrary work data (nonce values).<br /> <br /> CryptoNote was created with the state-of-the-art cryptography with sufficient security level for the next decades. Schnorr signatures and 256-bit ECC keys (the basis for EdDSA) are very strong cryptos, which have passed the test of times. It has been implemented in various systems (not only ours). There have been tons of papers with analysis and researches on that top. I can't say the same applies to pairing-based cryptography or NTRU.<br /> == See Also ==<br /> <br /> * [[Bytecoin]]<br /> * [[CryptoNote]]<br /> <br /> == External Links ==<br /> <br /> * [https://cryptonote.org/inside.php#equal-proof-of-work CryptoNight on CryptoNote's website]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]<br /> [[Category:Digital currencies]]<br /> [[Category:Technical]]</div>

Name