Bitcoin Wiki - User contributions [en]

Fallback Nodes

2015-08-17T16:14:17Z

Lunokhod: /* Tor nodes */ added new tor node

This is a list of nodes which are considered reliable.

== How to use this list ==

=== Connect to nodes ===

You can connect to these nodes with the ''-addnode=ip'' switch instead of the usual node harvesting process (through IRC or via the embedded nodelist). You can connect to more than one node by using ''-addnode=ip'' more than once. It is usually a good idea to connect to more than one of these nodes.

==== Nodes without a fixed ip ====

If the node IP is not fixed (see "Fixed" column), you will have to resolve the node's name (first column) each time the IP changes. Some nodes may have their ip change once a day, some others once a month, and some others may stay on the same IP for years. Still, as long as the IP is not fixed, there is no guarantee it will stay the same.

In order to enable hostname lookups for the ''-addnode'' and ''-connect'' parameters, you must additionally provide the ''-dns'' parameter. Example:
bitcoind -dns -addnode=bitcoin.es

Versions prior to 0.3.22 do not support hostnames to the ''-addnode'' parameter, so you must do the resolving part for it. For example on linux:
bitcoind -addnode=$(dig +short bitcoin.es)

=== IP Transactions ===

[[Bitcoin Core]] versions prior to 0.8.0 also could send [[IP Transactions]] to these nodes. If you included your bitcoin address in the "message" field, you might have had your coins back.

=== Tor network ===

To use Bitcoin-Qt over Tor hidden services, in a terminal/console enter:
bitcoin-qt -proxy=127.0.0.1:9050 -onlynet=tor

To use Bitcoin with one specific Tor node, run
bitcoin-qt -proxy=127.0.0.1:9050 -connect=abcde.onion
, where abcde.onion needs to be substituted with one of the [[Fallback_Nodes#Tor_nodes|Tor nodes below]]. These parameters can be added to [[Running_Bitcoin#Bitcoin.conf_Configuration_File|bitcoin.conf]] to make them permanent.

You can find detailed information on running clients and hidden services within Tor in the [https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/doc/tor.md documentation].

== Nodes list ==

=== IPv4 Nodes ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Hostname !! Owner !! IP !! Fixed !! Status !! Last Seen (GMT) !! Accepts IP transactions
|-

|-
| node.bitcoin.xxx || www.BitCoin.xxx || 66.228.49.201 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || 2014-08-28 || Yes
|-
| bitcoin.coinprism.com || [[Coinprism]] || 137.116.225.142 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || 2014-04-26 || Yes
|-
|-
| btcnode1.evolyn.net || Evolyn || 85.214.251.25 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || 2014-01-26 || Yes
|-
| InductiveSoul.US || [[User:Inductivesoul|Inductive Soul]] || 67.186.224.85 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || 2013-11-13 || Yes
|-
| archivum.info || Ferraro Ltd.|| 88.198.58.172 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || || Yes
|-
| 62.75.216.13 || exMULTI, Inc. || 62.75.216.13 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Down}} || || No
|-
| 69.64.34.118 || exMULTI, Inc. || 69.64.34.118 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Down}} || || No
|-
| 79.160.221.140 || K-Norway || 79.160.221.140 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Down}} || || Yes
|-
| netzbasis.de || unknown3 || 81.169.129.25 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Down}} || || Yes
|-
| btc.turboadmin.com || osmosis || 98.143.152.14 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Down}} || || No
|-
| fallback.bitcoin.zhoutong.com || Zhou Tong || 117.121.241.140 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Down}} || || No
|-
| bauhaus.csail.mit.edu || imsaguy || 128.30.96.44 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Down}} || || Yes
|-
| jun.dashjr.org || Luke-Jr || 173.242.112.53 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Down}} || ||
|-
| cheaperinbitcoins.com || Xenland/Shane || 184.154.36.82 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Down}} || || Yes
|-
| django.webflows.fr || unknown2 || 188.165.213.169 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Down}} || || Yes
|-
| 204.9.55.71 || toasty || 204.9.55.71 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Down}} || || Yes
|-
| btcnode.novit.ro || ovidiusoft - novit.ro || 93.187.142.114 || {{Table Value No}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Down}} || || Yes
|-
| porgressbar.sk || progressbar hackerspace || 91.210.181.21 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || || Yes
|-
| faucet.bitcoin.st || bitcoin street || 64.27.57.225 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || || Yes
|-
| bitcoin.securepayment.cc || SecurePayment CC || 63.247.147.163 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || || Yes
|-
| x.jine.se || jine || 213.112.48.166 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || || Yes
|-
| www.dcscdn.com || [[User:Danw12|Danw12]] || 199.115.228.181 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || ||
|-
| ns2.dcscdn.com || [[User:Danw12|Danw12]] || 199.115.228.182 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || ||
|-
| coin.soul-dev.com || Soul-Dev || || || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || ||
|-
| messier.bzfx.net || BZFX/[[User:A Meteorite|A Meteorite]] || 91.121.205.50 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || ||
|-
| btcnode1.bitgroup.cc || BitGroup || 198.211.116.191 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || || Yes
|-
| btcnode2.bitgroup.cc || BitGroup || 162.243.120.138 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || || Yes
|-
| btcnode3.bitgroup.cc || BitGroup || 95.85.8.237 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || || Yes
|-
| btcnode.xiro.co || Xiro Labs || 91.121.108.61 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || || No
|-
| murder.xf-liam.com || [[User:liamwli|Liam W]] || 162.245.217.119 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || || No
|-
| bitcoin.bitdonut.co || James Hartig
|-
| coinno.de || jaknam
|-
| 82.165.44.44 || anonymous
|-
| bitcoin1.dassori.me || gdassori
|-
| bitcoin2.dassori.me || gdassori
|-
| blockchainnode.meulie.net || [[User:Evert|Evert]]
|-
| fullnode.fybsg.com || Nagato
|-
| n.bitcoin-fr.io || [[User:Arthur|Arthur]] || 62.210.66.227

|}

=== IPv6 Nodes ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Hostname !! Owner !! IP !! Fixed !! Status !! Last Seen (GMT) !! Accepts IP transactions
|-

| InductiveSoul.US || [[User:Inductivesoul|Inductive Soul]] || 2601:7:6680:2ac:4d29:40ff:7513:fcc7 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || 11-13-2013 (MDY) || Yes
|-
| caffeinator.net || [[User:Atrophy|Atrophy]] || || || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || 2013-05-10 ||
|-
| 2001:470:8:2e1::40 || ? || 2001:470:8:2e1::40 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Down}} || || Yes
|-
| x.jine.se || jine || 213.112.52.246 || {{Table Value No}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Down}} || || Yes
|-
| messier.bzfx.net || BZFX/[[User:A Meteorite|A Meteorite]] || 2001:41d0:1:d632::1 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || ||
|-
| murder.xf-liam.com || [[User:liamwli|Liam W]] || 2602:ffc5::ffc5:56b6 || {{Table Value Yes}} || {{Fallback Nodes/Node Up}} || || No
|-
| bitcoin.bitdonut.co || James Hartig
|-
| n.bitcoin-fr.io || [[User:Arthur|Arthur]] || 2001:bc8:c087:2001::1

|}

=== Tor nodes ===

This entire list was last checked on 2015-02-22.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Hostname !! Owner !! Status !! Last Seen (GMT) !! Accepts IP transactions
|-
| hhiv5pnxenvbf4am.onion || ? || Up || 2015-03-17 || No
|-
| bpdlwholl7rnkrkw.onion || kenansulayman || Up || 2015-03-17 || ?
|-
| bk5ejfe56xakvtkk.onion || dserrano5 || Up || 2015-03-17 || No
|-
| wxvp2d4rspn7tqyu.onion || lunokhod || Up || 2015-08-17 || No
|-
| vso3r6cmjoomhhgg.onion || echelon || Down || 2015-03-17 || Yes
|-
| e3tn727fywnioxrc.onion || Zedd || Down || 2015-03-17 || No
|-
| pqosrh6wfaucet32.onion || bitcoin street || Down || 2015-03-17 || No
|-
| r4de4zf4lyniu4mx.onion:8444 || ? || Down || 2015-01-20 || ?
|-
| zy3kdqowmrb7xm7h.onion || Tril || Down || 2015-01-20 || No
|-
| smith4mfhwcq7x3b.onion || Smithtrader || Down || 2014-11-22 || ?
|-
| i2r5tbaizb75h26f.onion || TorDude || Down || 2014-07-24 || No
|-
| btcnet3utgzyz2bf.onion || anonymous || Down || 2014-07-24 || Yes
|-
| kjy2eqzk4zwi5zd3.onion || sipa || Down || 2014-07-24 || No
|-
| tsyvzsqwa2kkf6b2.onion || TorDude || Down || 2014-05-19 || No
|-
| igpdszqrbqjhak5z.onion || anonymous || Down || 2014-05-15 || ?
|-
| evolynhit7shzeet.onion || Evolyn || Down || 2014-05-15 || Yes
|-
| z55v4ostefnwfy32.onion || Tril || Down || 2014-04-09 || No
|-
| bitcoin2u5jnjzzz.onion || anonymous || Down || 2014-01-27 || Yes
|-
| btc4ulpftizx5b72.onion || TorNode || Down || 2013-05-10 || Yes
|-
| yyl3ipdmyjkfypmx.onion || redemerald || Down || 2013-05-10 || Yes
|-
| siqdznszjf4e6v5j.onion || Tuxavant || Down || 2013-05-10 || ?
|-
| 7hxvg2lvr2ashzli.onion || Tuxavant || Down || 2013-05-10 || ?
|-
| x3danbeag2kyx644.onion || redemerald || Down || 2013-01-04 || Yes
|-
| 6hgmaxwellgpv2oe.onion || Gmaxwell || Down || 2012-07-01 || No
|-
| bitcoinprwwpuinm.onion:8333 || ? || Down || 2012-06-26 || ?
|-
| mutqcuh7hwxmhx3k.onion || Xirafe || Down || 2012-06-23 || ?
|-
| sjdntqu5roj4q6lo.onion || torservers || Down || 2012-05-19 || ?
|-
| bitcoin2bkgm3fke.onion || ? || Down || 2012-05-19 || Yes
|-
| ceeji4qpfs3ms3zc.onion || creepa
|}

== Adding a node ==

Before adding yourself as a fallback node, you should be sure your node will stay online for a long time. If a node is offline for more than 24 hours it will be removed from the list.

To add a node in this list, you just need the ip/hostname and your name, the other fields will be filled automatically. Insert the following lines before the <tt>END NODELIST</tt> line:

<nowiki>|-
| ip || your name</nowiki>

==See Also==

* [[Network|Bitcoin Network]]
* [http://nodes.bitcoin.st Fallback Nodes] List of longest running Bitcoin Nodes listed by Country.
* [https://getaddr.bitnodes.io/ Bitnodes project]
* [https://blockchain.info/connected-nodes Recently connected nodes at blockchain.info]

User talk:Taras

2014-08-23T08:31:59Z

Lunokhod: /* Proposed block of user Luke-jr */

Here I am hello [[User:Taras|Taras]] ([[User talk:Taras|talk]]) 21:49, 5 April 2014 (UTC)
:Love you {{unsigned|Taras}}

== admin rights ==

you have admin rights on the english wiki. that means you can move/delete pages when you deem it appropriate. {{unsigned|Nanotube|02:41, 14 August 2014‎}}
:Acknowledged :) [[User:Taras|Taras]] ([[User talk:Taras|talk]]) 02:46, 14 August 2014 (UTC)

==Proposed article for deletion==

Hi, I would like to propose deleting the article [[Tonal Bitcoin]]. I have added a justification here

https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Talk:Tonal_Bitcoin

To avoid having this article reappear, it might be best to blank the page while keeping it protected. [[User:Lunokhod|Lunokhod]] ([[User talk:Lunokhod|talk]]) 09:42, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
:See below [[User:Taras|Taras]] ([[User talk:Taras|talk]]) 21:25, 22 August 2014 (UTC)

==Proposed block of user [[User:Luke-jr|Luke-jr]]==
Hi there, in addition to the above proposed article deletion, with further research and run ins with the "overseer" of that page, I kindly ask that you consider blocking the user account [[User:Luke-jr|Luke-jr]]. I have never once asked such a thing before on any of the wiki's I edit, so I do not do so lightly.

To summarize:

# If you look at the editing history of [[Tonal Bitcoin]], you will see that user Luke-Jr has reverted almost every single edit that has been made to this page. This has been done with no discussion on the talk page. This manner in which the edits are reverted are done so in a fanatical way, and this applies to several users that have attempted to contribute to this page, not just one.
# If you look at the history of the talk pages, you will see that several people have made sensible comments. Furthermore several people have previously made arguements for why this page should be deleted. However, Luke-jr has consistently removed these comments from the talk page, affectively stopping all further discussion, or ending in a revert-war. Though it is common to to have differences in the content of a wiki page, I have never seen a user in my life revert to removing comments and discussions posted on the talk page.
# With regard to the above point, I emphasize that Gavin Andresen himself (!) commented on the talk page, suggesting that this page be removed. Luke -Jr had the gaul to even remove this comment from such a member of high standing in the bitcoin community.
# If you look at this user's talk page, you will notice that he has consistently blanked his page after receiving comments about his edits on other pages.
# If you look at his editing history, you will see that he consistently makes edits that go against community consensus, all while giving little-to-no justification.
# Finally, as seen in the tonal bitcoin forum, he accuses all members that are not on his side (i.e., everyone in the tonal bitcoin case) to be trolling. At the very least, this is not very kind. At the worst, this behavior is itself trolling.

[[User:Lunokhod|Lunokhod]] ([[User talk:Lunokhod|talk]]) 10:10, 22 August 2014 (UTC)
:It's really not my place to block Luke. While I agree that TBC doesn't belong on the list of alts, it '''does''' constitute an article of its own (even if it may need some rewording) and Luke is otherwise a contributing member of this wiki. I dislike that he blanks talk pages for being against his ideals, over the guise of being simply "trolling," however he is right that TBC is in no violation [[Bitcoin:About|of any guidelines on the wiki]] and his actions would not constitute a block on my behalf. Regardless, I appreciate you trying to improve this wiki. If Luke ''does'' get blocked, or TBC is deleted, it will not be my doing. [[Image:No.png|18px|link=|alt=]] '''Rejected''' [[User:Taras|Taras]] ([[User talk:Taras|talk]]) 21:25, 22 August 2014 (UTC)
:PS - You may want to consult [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?board=168.0 the forum] for this. [[User:Taras|Taras]] ([[User talk:Taras|talk]]) 21:31, 22 August 2014 (UTC)

:: Thanks for the quick response. If you think that it is acceptable for users to remove comments from the talk page, when they are reasoned and written in the best interest of this wiki, then I don't know if I really want to be part of this community. In any case, I wish you all the best of luck here. It's not always easy to deal with these types of personalities (mine included!). [[User:Lunokhod|Lunokhod]] ([[User talk:Lunokhod|talk]]) 08:31, 23 August 2014 (UTC)

== Ico template bug ==

[[:Template:Ico]] appears outside of the content area on the MonoBook theme. If you have time, could you look into this? If not, I might try fixing it later, but I won't have time for a while. Thanks. [[User:Theymos|theymos]] ([[User talk:Theymos|talk]]) 20:00, 22 August 2014 (UTC)
:I will definitely be looking into this. Thank you for bringing it to my attention! [[User:Taras|Taras]] ([[User talk:Taras|talk]]) 21:25, 22 August 2014 (UTC)
::I moved the images around a bit, and I think they look nice on both themes for now. There might be a better solution in the future. See [[Bitcoin]], the only page with all three icons. [[User:Taras|Taras]] ([[User talk:Taras|talk]]) 21:59, 22 August 2014 (UTC)

User:Lunokhod

2014-08-22T10:12:03Z

Lunokhod:

'''About me:''' I am the editor-in-chief of a major scientific journal, and a true believer in bitcoin. If only bitcoin could fix their privacy problems (i.e., lack of anonymous payments like cash...).

'''email:''' lunokhod@i2pmail.org 
'''GPG Key ID:''' 2130C49CCBBE6EA9

User talk:Nanotube

2014-08-22T10:10:54Z

Lunokhod: Proposed block of user Luke-jr

Hi Nanotube,
can you please delete [[Mining pool reward FAQ]]? I created it to provide information about some commonly confused issues, but it's being abused and thus can't serve this purpose. [[User:Holy-Fire|Holy-Fire]] 18:43, 26 May 2011 (GMT)
: I removed the troublesome content and left it to-the-point. This should serve to remove any abuse. --[[User:Firestorm|<tt><big>'''Firestorm'''</big></tt>]] 18:51, 26 May 2011 (GMT)
::Sorry, it really doesn't, see my comment on your talk page. [[User:Holy-Fire|Holy-Fire]] 19:08, 26 May 2011 (GMT)
:::posted my comments on firestorm's user talk page and the faq-page talk page. https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Talk:Mining_pool_reward_FAQ {{unsigned|Nanotube}}

==Help Page==

Hello, Nanotube. I've created a fairly simple [[Help:Contents|Help page]] that I'm going to be expanding over time. Would it be a good idea to link to this in the sidebar? --[[User:Firestorm|<tt><big>'''Firestorm'''</big></tt>]] 14:46, 30 May 2011 (GMT)
: add it as "Wiki Help", you think?--[[User:Nanotube|Nanotube]] 16:44, 30 May 2011 (GMT)
:: Just "Help" should be fine. I'll collaborate links to various FAQs and help pages regarding Bitcoin itself. I hope to make it the resource to go to if you need information on anything --[[User:Firestorm|<tt><big>'''Firestorm'''</big></tt>]] 17:06, 30 May 2011 (GMT)
::: How's the page looking? --[[User:Firestorm|<tt><big>'''Firestorm'''</big></tt>]] 05:19, 1 June 2011 (GMT)
:::: Looking good to me. :) Sorry for delay in response, been busy. --[[User:Nanotube|Nanotube]] 03:11, 30 June 2011 (GMT)
::::: Could you add it to the sidebar, then? I think it would be more useful than the FAQ --[[User:Firestorm|<tt><big>'''Firestorm'''</big></tt>]] 16:40, 21 July 2011 (GMT)
:::::: Took me long enough... but done! :) --[[User:Nanotube|Nanotube]] 22:27, 27 September 2011 (GMT)

==Another language==
If it will be possible Wiki in another language? Like Wikipedia it will be good to translate to other language, for example Polish. [[User:Frodo|Frodo]] 11:52, 4 May 2012 (GMT)

== user access to modify pages ==

Hi, as discussed, the process is available on [[Special:BitcoinPayment]] [[User:MagicalTux|MagicalTux]] ([[User talk:MagicalTux|talk]]) 08:08, 17 January 2013 (GMT)

== Testing ==

Did you get an email notification about this?
Please leave a similar comment on my own talk page.

[[User:Ripper234|Ripper234]] ([[User talk:Ripper234|talk]]) 20:45, 30 April 2013 (GMT)

== Message text fix ==

Please [https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/MediaWiki:Centralauth-groupname edit this page] and make it say something like "The bitcoin wikis", this will get the goofy wikimedia foundation text off the login screen. Thanks. --[[User:Gmaxwell|Gmaxwell]] ([[User talk:Gmaxwell|talk]]) 20:40, 9 May 2013 (GMT)
:: Thanks for the heads-up, done. [[User:Nanotube|Nanotube]] ([[User talk:Nanotube|talk]]) 23:32, 9 May 2013 (GMT)

== project:todo ==

Hi! I have some ideas for improving this wiki. See [[project:todo]]. I hope you like it. [[User:Guaka|Guaka]] ([[User talk:Guaka|talk]]) 12:27, 14 July 2013 (GMT)

== table sorting not working here ==
Why is it when I try to create a sortable table on: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Comparison_of_mining_pools it doesn't work?

I even tested it out by copying and pasting this simple example "code": http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Sorting

It did not show a sortable table even with the copying and pasting of the code. Is it possible that bitcoin.it is using an older version of wiki and that's why?? {{unsigned|Ronjohn}}

* What's the problem? The table on that page has always worked fine for sorting... --[[User:Luke-jr|Luke-jr]] ([[User talk:Luke-jr|talk]]) 21:05, 9 November 2013 (GMT)

== Astroturfing removal ==

Can the following be removed? They appear to be astroturfing of a very suspicious looking company. I can find no record of them existing outside of this wiki.

https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Xtreme_Miners_Tiger

https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Xtreme_Miners_Lion
{{unsigned|Lux}}

==Proposed article for deletion==

Hi, I would like to propose deleting the article [[Tonal Bitcoin]]. I have added a justification here

https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Talk:Tonal_Bitcoin

to avoid that this article reappears, it might just be best to blank the page while leaving it protected. [[User:Lunokhod|Lunokhod]] ([[User talk:Lunokhod|talk]]) 09:40, 21 August 2014 (UTC)

==Proposed block of user [[User:Luke-jr|Luke-jr]]==
Hi there, in addition to the above proposed article deletion, with further research and run ins with the "overseer" of that page, I kindly ask that you consider blocking the user account [[User:Luke-jr|Luke-jr]]. I have never once asked such a thing before on any of the wiki's I edit, so I do not do so lightly.

To summarize:

# If you look at the editing history of [[Tonal Bitcoin]], you will see that user Luke-Jr has reverted almost every single edit that has been made to this page. This has been done with no discussion on the talk page. This manner in which the edits are reverted are done so in a fanatical way, and this applies to several users that have attempted to contribute to this page, not just one.
# If you look at the history of the talk pages, you will see that several people have made sensible comments. Furthermore several people have previously made arguements for why this page should be deleted. However, Luke-jr has consistently removed these comments from the talk page, affectively stopping all further discussion, or ending in a revert-war. Though it is common to to have differences in the content of a wiki page, I have never seen a user in my life revert to removing comments and discussions posted on the talk page.
# With regard to the above point, I emphasize that Gavin Andresen himself (!) commented on the talk page, suggesting that this page be removed. Luke -Jr had the gaul to even remove this comment from such a member of high standing in the bitcoin community.
# If you look at this user's talk page, you will notice that he has consistently blanked his page after receiving comments about his edits on other pages.
# If you look at his editing history, you will see that he consistently makes edits that go against community consensus, all while giving little-to-no justification.
# Finally, as seen in the tonal bitcoin forum, he accuses all members that are not on his side (i.e., everyone in the tonal bitcoin case) to be trolling. At the very least, this is not very kind. At the worst, this behavior is itself trolling.

[[User:Lunokhod|Lunokhod]] ([[User talk:Lunokhod|talk]]) 10:10, 22 August 2014 (UTC)

User talk:Taras

2014-08-22T10:10:16Z

Lunokhod: Proposed block of user Luke-jr

Talk:Tonal Bitcoin

2014-08-21T14:59:19Z

Lunokhod:

This is for discussion, '''not trolling'''. Note that this is not an encyclopedia, and does not have any "notability" requirements. If you don't want to use Tonal, don't. Trolling is not acceptable and will be deleted. Reasoned criticism is welcome in the "Criticism" section of the page.

I have no legitimate stake in the matter, I made a few edits that I hope remove POV and still embrace the idea of Tonal Bitcoin. This is Raize, I am sorry I am not familiar enough with wiki editing to provide my signature. --[[User:Raize|Raize]]

==Proposal for deletion==

I propose to delete this article on the following grounds.

# "Tonal bitcoin" ''is'' Bitcoin. Tonal Bitcoin only refers to the choice of the bitcoin user to employ a different representation of standard bitcoin balances. Instead of using decimal, the originator proposes using tonal units. If we follow this approach to the extreme, we could also use any base X system. It comes down to this: If you have a bitcoin balance of X in decimal notation, you can convert this to a balance Y in tonal units.
# There is almost no information about tonal bitcoin available on the web attesting to its insignificance. All information that is available seems to come from a single source. To make matters worse, the information that is available is extremely confusing and poorly written.
# No one, with the possible exception of one person, use "tonal bitcoin" units.
# Not one exchange or business uses Tonal bitcoin units (to my knowledge).

[[User:Lunokhod|Lunokhod]] ([[User talk:Lunokhod|talk]]) 14:59, 21 August 2014 (UTC)

User talk:Luke-jr

2014-08-21T14:53:35Z

Lunokhod:

* My comments on [[Tonal Bitcoin]] are not "trolling". They are my opinions, and you can discuss it on the talk page based on the merits. If you delete my comments again from a discuss page, I will ask the administrators to ban your account. That is not acceptable wikipedia behavior [[User:Lunokhod|Lunokhod]] ([[User talk:Lunokhod|talk]])

User talk:Lunokhod

2014-08-21T14:53:23Z

Lunokhod:

Your trolling on [[Tonal Bitcoin]] is not appreciated. I suggest you review the wiki's [[:Bitcoin:About|about/policy]]; particularly make note that:
* ''"Tonal bitcoin" ''is'' Bitcoin, but...'' - Which is why it is on-topic for the wiki, unlike other altcoins.
* ''These is almost no information about tonal bitcoin available on the web.'' - This wiki is just as relevant to the web as any random altcoin website, and this wiki explicitly permits and encourages original content and original research, unlike Wikipedia which is merely an encyclopedia.
If you dislike that the [[list of alternative cryptocurrencies]] page is listed in order of market cap, please note that I did explicitly raise my concern that this ordering may not be ideal for the very reason of giving undue sort order to TBC. Feel free to resort the list by some better metric. --[[User:Luke-jr|Luke-jr]] ([[User talk:Luke-jr|talk]]) 14:06, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
* My comments on [[Tonal Bitcoin]] are not "trolling". They are my opinions, and you can discuss it on the talk page based on the merits. If you delete my comments again from a discuss page, I will ask the administrators to ban your account. That is not acceptable wikipedia behavior [[User:Lunokhod|Lunokhod]] ([[User talk:Lunokhod|talk]])

User talk:Taras

2014-08-21T09:42:49Z

Lunokhod: /* admin rights */

User talk:Nanotube

2014-08-21T09:40:46Z

Lunokhod: /* Astroturfing removal */

Talk:Tonal Bitcoin

2014-08-21T08:20:19Z

Lunokhod: Proposal for deletion

I have no legitimate stake in the matter, I made a few edits that I hope remove POV and still embrace the idea of Tonal Bitcoin. This is Raize, I am sorry I am not familiar enough with wiki editing to provide my signature. --[[User:Raize|Raize]]

==Proposal for deletion==

I propose to delete this article on the following grounds.

# "Tonal bitcoin" ''is'' Bitcoin, but it uses a different representation of standard bitcoin balances. Instead of using decimal, the originator proposes using tonal units. If we follow this approach to the extreme, we could also use any base X system. Why not base 60?
# These is almost no information about tonal bitcoin available on the web. All information that is available seems to come from a single source (Luke-Jr). To make matters worse, the information that is available is extremely confusing and poorly written.
# No one, with the possible exception of one person, use "tonal bitcoin" units.
# Not one exchange or business uses Tonal bitcoin units (to my knowledge).

I quote the following introductory paragraph on the bitcointalk thread by Luke-jr describing tonal bitcoin, which demonstrates the nature of the problem. "Altcoin" is used incorrectly, and I would note that ''nothing'' was created. All that the author proposes is: If you have a bitcoin balance of X in decimal notation, you can convert this to a balance Y in tonal units. This is not very profound.

<pre>
I created this altcoin in January 2011 immediately after discovering Bitcoin.
While many altcoins have been created since, none come close to TBC's ideal design:
Shares the same blockchain as BTC, so benefits from the full security and difficulty backing the Bitcoin blockchain.
Mined together with BTC - unlike ordinary merged mining, you don't get BTC plus TBC, just one or the other at your choice.
Completely compatible with all Bitcoin addresses: if you send BTC to a TBC client's address, it will automatically get converted and vice-versa.
</pre>
[[User:Lunokhod|Lunokhod]] ([[User talk:Lunokhod|talk]]) 08:20, 21 August 2014 (UTC)

Talk:Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-08-20T20:25:48Z

Lunokhod: /* Removed Tonal bitcoin */

The order / grouping of these coins are still TBD.

==suggestion not to include market cap==
market cap changes too often, no point in adding that data to the wiki. Can just link to coinmarketcap or whatever.
[[User:Nanotube|Nanotube]] ([[User talk:Nanotube|talk]]) 22:44, 7 April 2014 (UTC)

[[User:Ripper234|Ripper234]] proposes a grouping of Major, Minor and New by an arbitrary market cap limit. This can be done once the market caps of the alts are known.
* Using market cap will make Tonal Bitcoin a "Major" despite de facto minor usage. Therefore, I suggest finding a different method of categorizing. --[[User:Luke-jr|Luke-jr]] ([[User talk:Luke-jr|talk]]) 05:06, 4 March 2013 (GMT)

I have removed all market cap values. Nevertheless, I have ordered the list in two groups: Top 10 by market cap (according to http://coinmarketcap.com/), and the rest ordered alphabetical. I think that this is the best compromise. The "new" category was so old as to be laughable, as every day there are new coins being created. I don't think that it is in our best interest to have a definitive list of all crytpocurrencies, as there are now hundreds, and soon thousands. [[User:Lunokhod|Lunokhod]] ([[User talk:Lunokhod|talk]]) 09:49, 20 August 2014 (UTC)

==Removed Tonal bitcoin==

I have removed [[Tonal Bitcoin]] (TBC) from the list because it is not an alternative currency, it has no market cap, it can not be traded, and it is not accepted for payments anywhere. As far as I can tell, tonal bitcoin is just a way of representing bitcoin amounts using the tonal number system. If this is true, it is part of bitcoin, and is thus not a separate currency. This should be discussed elsewhere in this wiki, not here [[User:Lunokhod|Lunokhod]] ([[User talk:Lunokhod|talk]]) 09:49, 20 August 2014 (UTC)

* It is an alternative currency, and one of the few legit ones. It shares a market cap with BTC, and can be traded just like any other currency. Sharing a blockchain, or at least values, with BTC is the ideal for altcoins, and necessary to protect against scammer abuses. --[[User:Luke-jr|Luke-jr]] ([[User talk:Luke-jr|talk]]) 11:49, 20 August 2014 (UTC)

**Could you please provide some supporting evidence? Such as a project web page, etc? I can't find any information to back up your claims. [[User:Lunokhod|Lunokhod]] ([[User talk:Lunokhod|talk]]) 20:25, 20 August 2014 (UTC)

Talk:Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-08-20T09:49:50Z

Lunokhod: justification for removing "tonal bitcoin"

Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-08-20T09:22:55Z

Lunokhod: /* Top 10 by market cap */ Removed tonal bitcoin. This is not an alt-coin, it has no market cap and can not be traded, no one accepts TBC, and as far as I can tell, it is not a coin at all (just a representation of BTC using tonal number system).

This article aims to list relevant cryptocurrencies, and [[:Bitcoin:About#Alternative cryptocurrencies|is the only article allowed to discuss altcoins specifically]]. These coins are ordered according to [http://coinmarketcap.com/ market cap].

== Top 10 by market cap ==
=== Bitcoin (BTC) ===
* http://bitcoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: January 3rd, 2009

=== Litecoin (LTC) ===
* http://litecoin.org/
* blocks every '''2.5 min'''
* coin supply* '''84 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''50''' coins per block
* Launch Date: October 2011

=== Peercoin (PPC) ===
* http://ppcoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=101820.0
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''non-deterministic ''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''each block'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''varies on difficulty''' coins per block
* Mining: Incorporates [[Proof of Stake]] coin Generation, contains central checksums to kickstart the protocol
* Launch Date: approx August 19th, 2012 (date of its [http://ppcoin.org/static/ppcoin-paper.pdf whitepaper])
** The public design phase of this coin was very brief.

=== Nxt (NXT) ===
* http://nextcoin.org
* Pronounced as "Next"
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Designed as 100% PoS ([[Proof of Stake|Proof-of-Stake]]) system
* Coin supply* '''1 billion''' coins exist from the start distributed by 74 founding stake holders
* Launch Date: September, 29, 2013

=== Dogecoin (Doge) ===
* http://www.Dogecoin.com/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''99 Billion''' coins will be available and 5 Billion added every year.
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''1,000,000 - 0 (Random)''' coins per block
* Launch Date: December 2013

=== Namecoin (NMC) ===
* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Namecoin
* (merged mined with BTC)
* https://github.com/vinced/namecoin
* http://namecoin.info/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: April 18, 2011

==Top 100==

=== Anoncoin (ANC) ===
* [https://anoncoin.net/ Anoncoin website]
* [https://wiki.anoncoin.net Anoncoin wiki]
* Built in support of I2P and Tor
* 4.2 million total coins
* Block reward 5 ANC, halved every 306k blocks
* Block target 3.4 minutes, difficulty changes every block
* Launched: June 2, 2013

The goal of Anoncoin is to provide a truly anonymous cryptocurrency. The location of the user is concealed by providing built-in support of the I2P darknet and Tor. [[Zerocoin]] will be implemented in an upcoming release, making it impossible to trace transactions in the blockchain.

=== Bytecoin (BCN) ===
* '''BCN''' https://bytecoin.org
* '''CryptoNote''' technology https://cryptonote.org/
* Algorithm: '''CryptoNight'''
* Started on July 4, 2012
* Block time: '''120 seconds (2 minutes)'''
* Difficulty retargets each block
* Block reward decreases each block according to the formula: BaseReward = (MSupply - A)/2^18, where MSupply = (2^64 - 1) atomic units and 'A' is amount of already generated coins
* Total 184.46 billion BCN
* '''Forum''' https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.0
* '''Forum''' https://cryptocointalk.com/forum/1362-bytecoin-bcn/
* '''Twitter''' https://twitter.com/Bytecoin_BCN
* '''Coin features:'''
**Difficult to trace payments by use of ring signature
**Only CPU-mining & ASIC-resistant
**POW mechanism is a voting system for users

=== Devcoin (DEV) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=34586.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''constant generation''' coins will be available (???)
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Reward '''50,000''' coins per block
* '''EXTRA 90% block subsidy goes to foundation'''

=== FeatherCoin (FTC) ===
* http://feathercoin.com/
* A fork of Litecoin
* 243 million total coins

=== Freicoin (FRC) ===
* http://freico.in/
* http://www.freicoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''100 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* [http://www.freicoin.org/freicoin-generation-graph-t41-20.html#p532 Arithmetically decreasing] reward
* EXTRA:
**4.89% annual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_currency demurrage]
**80% block subsidy [http://www.freicoin.org/application-developer-best-practices-t87.html#p919 goes to foundation for the first 3 years] (about 500 coins for each of first 161280 blocks, total 80m)

=== GoldCoin (GLD) ===
* http://gldcoin.com/
* https://www.gldtalk.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=317568.0
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''123 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* reward '''45''' coins per block

=== IxCoin (IXC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36701.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA1'''
* Reward '''96 '''coins per block

=== Mastercoin (MSC) ===
* http://www.mastercoin.org
* Coin supply: 619478.59338440 MSC
* Launch Date: September 1, 2013
* Blockchain: Uses Bitcoin for transport, storage and security, inherits Bitcoin Protocol properties
* Extended Properties: Distributed Exchange, Savings & Guardian Addresses, Contracts for Difference, Smart Properties, User Currencies
* Protocol: Master Protocol
* Spec Github Repo: https://github.com/mastercoin-MSC/spec

=== Megacoin (MΣC) ===
* http://www.megacoin.co.nz/
* https://forum.megacoin.co.nz
* Block Target is 2.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every every 420,000 blocks
* 25 coins per block
* 42 Million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

The implentation of the Kimoto Gravity well retargets difficulty every block. This keeps mining fair and secure for all miners and users of the coin, and prevents the rampant multipool abuse that was (and still is) common with most all other altcoins out on the market today.

=== Netcoin (NET) ===
* Main - http://netcoin.org.uk/
* Forums - http://forum.netcoinfoundation.org/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''320.6 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1024 '''coins per block
* Reward Halves '''Every 3 months or 129,600 Blocks'''
* Market Cap: approx. $200,000 (Dec 4th, 2013)
* Launch Date: Sept 2nd, 2013

=== Terracoin (TRC) ===
* http://terracoin.org/
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''42 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''30 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''20''' coins per block

==See Also==
* [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 List of all cryptocoins] curated list on BitcoinTalk forum.

[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-08-20T09:19:59Z

Lunokhod: /* Top 100 */ added launch date

This article aims to list relevant cryptocurrencies, and [[:Bitcoin:About#Alternative cryptocurrencies|is the only article allowed to discuss altcoins specifically]]. These coins are ordered according to [http://coinmarketcap.com/ market cap].

== Top 10 by market cap ==
=== Bitcoin (BTC) ===
* http://bitcoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: January 3rd, 2009

=== [[Tonal Bitcoin]] (TBC) ===
* (merged mined with BTC)
* (blockchain shared with BTC)
* (automatically converted to/from BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''7.8 tam''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''1,2905.2''' coins per block
* Launch Date: January 2rd, 2011

=== Litecoin (LTC) ===
* http://litecoin.org/
* blocks every '''2.5 min'''
* coin supply* '''84 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''50''' coins per block
* Launch Date: October 2011

=== Peercoin (PPC) ===
* http://ppcoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=101820.0
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''non-deterministic ''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''each block'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''varies on difficulty''' coins per block
* Mining: Incorporates [[Proof of Stake]] coin Generation, contains central checksums to kickstart the protocol
* Launch Date: approx August 19th, 2012 (date of its [http://ppcoin.org/static/ppcoin-paper.pdf whitepaper])
** The public design phase of this coin was very brief.

=== Nxt (NXT) ===
* http://nextcoin.org
* Pronounced as "Next"
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Designed as 100% PoS ([[Proof of Stake|Proof-of-Stake]]) system
* Coin supply* '''1 billion''' coins exist from the start distributed by 74 founding stake holders
* Launch Date: September, 29, 2013

=== Dogecoin (Doge) ===
* http://www.Dogecoin.com/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''99 Billion''' coins will be available and 5 Billion added every year.
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''1,000,000 - 0 (Random)''' coins per block
* Launch Date: December 2013

=== Namecoin (NMC) ===
* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Namecoin
* (merged mined with BTC)
* https://github.com/vinced/namecoin
* http://namecoin.info/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: April 18, 2011

==Top 100==

=== Anoncoin (ANC) ===
* [https://anoncoin.net/ Anoncoin website]
* [https://wiki.anoncoin.net Anoncoin wiki]
* Built in support of I2P and Tor
* 4.2 million total coins
* Block reward 5 ANC, halved every 306k blocks
* Block target 3.4 minutes, difficulty changes every block
* Launched: June 2, 2013

The goal of Anoncoin is to provide a truly anonymous cryptocurrency. The location of the user is concealed by providing built-in support of the I2P darknet and Tor. [[Zerocoin]] will be implemented in an upcoming release, making it impossible to trace transactions in the blockchain.

=== Bytecoin (BCN) ===
* '''BCN''' https://bytecoin.org
* '''CryptoNote''' technology https://cryptonote.org/
* Algorithm: '''CryptoNight'''
* Started on July 4, 2012
* Block time: '''120 seconds (2 minutes)'''
* Difficulty retargets each block
* Block reward decreases each block according to the formula: BaseReward = (MSupply - A)/2^18, where MSupply = (2^64 - 1) atomic units and 'A' is amount of already generated coins
* Total 184.46 billion BCN
* '''Forum''' https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.0
* '''Forum''' https://cryptocointalk.com/forum/1362-bytecoin-bcn/
* '''Twitter''' https://twitter.com/Bytecoin_BCN
* '''Coin features:'''
**Difficult to trace payments by use of ring signature
**Only CPU-mining & ASIC-resistant
**POW mechanism is a voting system for users

=== Devcoin (DEV) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=34586.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''constant generation''' coins will be available (???)
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Reward '''50,000''' coins per block
* '''EXTRA 90% block subsidy goes to foundation'''

=== FeatherCoin (FTC) ===
* http://feathercoin.com/
* A fork of Litecoin
* 243 million total coins

=== Freicoin (FRC) ===
* http://freico.in/
* http://www.freicoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''100 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* [http://www.freicoin.org/freicoin-generation-graph-t41-20.html#p532 Arithmetically decreasing] reward
* EXTRA:
**4.89% annual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_currency demurrage]
**80% block subsidy [http://www.freicoin.org/application-developer-best-practices-t87.html#p919 goes to foundation for the first 3 years] (about 500 coins for each of first 161280 blocks, total 80m)

=== GoldCoin (GLD) ===
* http://gldcoin.com/
* https://www.gldtalk.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=317568.0
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''123 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* reward '''45''' coins per block

=== IxCoin (IXC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36701.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA1'''
* Reward '''96 '''coins per block

=== Mastercoin (MSC) ===
* http://www.mastercoin.org
* Coin supply: 619478.59338440 MSC
* Launch Date: September 1, 2013
* Blockchain: Uses Bitcoin for transport, storage and security, inherits Bitcoin Protocol properties
* Extended Properties: Distributed Exchange, Savings & Guardian Addresses, Contracts for Difference, Smart Properties, User Currencies
* Protocol: Master Protocol
* Spec Github Repo: https://github.com/mastercoin-MSC/spec

=== Megacoin (MΣC) ===
* http://www.megacoin.co.nz/
* https://forum.megacoin.co.nz
* Block Target is 2.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every every 420,000 blocks
* 25 coins per block
* 42 Million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

The implentation of the Kimoto Gravity well retargets difficulty every block. This keeps mining fair and secure for all miners and users of the coin, and prevents the rampant multipool abuse that was (and still is) common with most all other altcoins out on the market today.

=== Netcoin (NET) ===
* Main - http://netcoin.org.uk/
* Forums - http://forum.netcoinfoundation.org/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''320.6 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1024 '''coins per block
* Reward Halves '''Every 3 months or 129,600 Blocks'''
* Market Cap: approx. $200,000 (Dec 4th, 2013)
* Launch Date: Sept 2nd, 2013

=== Terracoin (TRC) ===
* http://terracoin.org/
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''42 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''30 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''20''' coins per block

==See Also==
* [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 List of all cryptocoins] curated list on BitcoinTalk forum.

[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

User:Lunokhod

2014-08-20T09:19:01Z

Lunokhod: Created page with "'''About me:''' I am the editor-in-chief of a major scientific journal, and a true believer in bitcoin. If only bitcoin could fix their privacy problems (i.e., lack of anonymo..."

CryptoNote

2014-08-18T21:55:57Z

Lunokhod: clarifications and minor edits

CryptoNote is an open-sourced protocol that allows for increased privacy in cryptocurrency transactions.

== Features ==

===Difficult to trace and link payments ===

Unlike traditional cryptocurrencies that mostly use unambiguous signatures to verify the transfer, CryptoNote utilizes [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_signature ring signature]. Ring signature is a more sophisticated scheme that demand several different public keys for verification. In this case the transaction is signed by a group of users. Thus, the verifier may only identify that one of them was a signer, but not who exactly that was. Though this does not offer provable anonymity (like [[Zerocoin]]), the increase in privacy in comparison to Bitcoin is considerable.

CryptoNote automatically creates multiple unique one-time addresses for each of the payments, which are created from the single public key. Even though the payment is sent to a public address, in the block chain it appears as if it is sent to a one-time address. The sender uses random data and the public address of the receiver to calculate this one-time key of the payment. The redemption of the funds requires the receiver's private key, so only the latter may receive the money sent to the one-time address. Moreover, no third party can discover the link between the one-time key and the receiver's public address.

=== Double-spending proof ===

CryptoNote's ring signatures restrict the double-spending attempt by linking the transactions with the same private key. The protocol uses the key image, derived from a private key through a one-way function. All the users keep the list of all the used key images, which are checked against a new transaction. In case there is a duplicate key image, the transaction is rejected as a double-spending attempt. However, the identity of the sender would still be unknown, since it is impossible to get the private key from its image.

=== Block chain analysis resistance ===

CryptoNote creates an obstacle for an analyst by using ring signatures and one-time addresses covered above. Every address of the payment is a unique one-time key, which is created from both the sender's and the receiver's data, and the usage of ring signature hides the exact outputs that have been spent for the input. Therefore, each next transaction increases the number of possible senders and hides the actual connection even more.

=== Adaptive limits ===

There are no hard constants and magic numbers in CryptoNote. Each limit (e.g., max block size, or min fee amount) is re-calculated based on the historical data of the system. Moreover, the difficulty and the max block size are automatically adjusted with each new block. The main idea of the algorithm is to sum all the work that nodes have performed during the last 720 blocks and divide it by the time they have spent to accomplish it. The measure of the work is the corresponding difficulty value for each of the blocks.

=== Smooth emission ===

The coins are emitted smoothly, as the reward changes with each new block. This allows a predictable steady growth of money supply determined by the formula<ref>https://cryptonote.org/inside.php#smooth-emission</ref>:

BaseReward = (MSupply - A) >> 18
MSupply = 2^64 - 1 (atomic units)

=== Egalitarian proof of work ===

CryptoNote uses [[CryptoNight]] hashing algorithm as its proof-of-work.

The proof of work mechanism is actually a voting system. Users vote for the right order of the transactions, for enabling new features in the protocol and for the honest money supply distribution.

== Origins ==

The first version of CN – CryptoNote v.1 (December 12 2012) was published in Tor http://ol346fucnsjru223.onion/whitepaper.pdf

Little is known about CryptoNote's origins. The official website uses supposedly fake names for the team members, while the white paper's author is Nicolas van Saberhagen, which is also likely to be a pseudonym. The white paper "CryptoNote v 2.0" is dated back to October 2013<ref>https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf</ref>, [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=740112.0 but this date appears to have been faked]. It was also mentioned that the team developing CryptoNote had experience a schism and went separate ways<ref>https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=21#p73</ref>.

== Philosophy ==

CryptoNote philosophy has several key points: privacy as a fundamental human right; government's influence and control remission as an aim.
The economy should be separated from politics, communities should set new transparent principles, and impartial cryptographic algorithms should control its implementation.

== See also ==

* [[CryptoNight]]

== External links ==

* [https://cryptonote.org CryptoNote website]
* [https://forum.cryptonote.org Official forum]
* [https://github.com/amjuarez/bytecoin Reference code]
* [https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf White paper]
* [https://cryptonote.org/coins.php CryptoNote Currencies]

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:Digital currencies]]
[[Category:Anonymity]]

Zerocoin

2014-08-18T21:40:10Z

Lunokhod: minor edits for clarity and minor updates

'''Zerocoin''' is a proposed extension to the Bitcoin protocol that would add true cryptographic anonymity to bitcoin transactions. Given that bitcoin transactions are stored in a public ledger (in the block chain]), the history of any transaction can be traced. Zerocoin provides for anonymity by the introduction of a separate ''zerocoin'' cryptocurrency that is stored in the Bitcoin block chain. Zerocoins are purchased with the base currency in fixed demoninations by a zerocoin mint transaction. Later, these zerocoins can be redeemed for the base currency to a different address by a zerocoin spend transaction. Through the use of cryptographic accumulators and digital commitments with zero-knowledge proofs, it is not possible to link the address that was used to mint the original zerocoin to the address used to redeem the zerocoin. Though originally proposed for use with the Bitcoin network, Zerocoin could be integrated into any [[cryptocurrency]].

==Rationale for Zerocoin==
Bitcoin transactions are all stored, by design, in a public ledger (the block chain) that is accessible to everyone. These transactions provide privacy through pseudonymity, in that while each transaction is associated with the public address of the sender and receiver, the names of the owners of these addresses are at no time made known to the network. To increase privacy, each person could create as many public addresses as they like, making it difficult to link transactions to the same person. If additional privacy were required, it is possible to launder coins through a trusted third party, where the input coins are mixed in a large pool and output to a new address.<ref name="Bradbury">{{ cite news | title=How anonymous is Bitcoin? | last=Bradbury | first=Danny | date=7 June 2013 | work=CoinDesk | publisher=CoinDesk Ltd. | url=http://www.coindesk.com/how-anonymous-is-bitcoin/ | accessdate=8 February 2014 }}</ref>

Regardless of the best precautions, by data mining of the block chain, it becomes possible in certain cases to link a set of public addresses to a specific (unnamed) individual. For example, this could be done by the analysis of spending habits, or by having the change of a transaction from one public address being sent to another. Furthermore, by utilizing information external to the block chain, such as public addresses posted on a web site, or the postal address used with an internet purchase, the possibility exists that every single transaction of a given person could be determined.

== Zerocoin protocol==

The Zerocoin<ref name="Miers">I. Miers, C. Garman, M. Green, and A. D. Rubin (2013). [http://spar.isi.jhu.edu/~mgreen/ZerocoinOakland.pdf| Zerocoin: Anonymous Distributed E-Cash from Bitcoin], 2013 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, IEEE Computer Society
Conference Publishing Services, 397–411, doi:10.1109/SP.2013.34</ref> extension to bitcoin would have functioned like a money laundering pool, temporarily pooling bitcoins together in exchange for a temporary currency called Zerocoins. While the laundering pool is an established concept already utilized by several currency laundering services, Zerocoin would have implemented this at the protocol level, eliminatating any reliance on trusted third parties. It anonymizes the exchanges to and from the pool using cryptographic principles, and as a proposed extension to the Bitcoin protocol, it would have recorded the transactions within the existing block chain.

The anonymity afforded by Zerocoin is the result of cryptographic operations involved with separate zerocoin mint and spend transactions.<ref name="Miers"/> To mint a zerocoin, a person generates a random serial number ''S'', and encrypts this into a coin ''C'' by use of second random number ''r''. The coin ''C'' is added to a cryptographic accumulator by miners, and at the same time, the amount of the base currency equal in value to the denomination of the zerocoin is added to a zerocoin escrow pool.

To redeem the zerocoin for the base currency, the owner of the coin needs to prove two things by way of a zero-knowledge proof. (A zero-knowledge proof is a method by which one party can prove to another that a given statement is true, without conveying any additional information apart from the fact that the statement is indeed true.) The first is that they know a coin ''C'' that belongs to the set of all other minted zerocoins (''C1'', ''C2'',... ''Cn''), without revealing which coin it is. The second is that the person knows a number ''r'', that along with the serial number ''S'' corresponds to a zerocoin. The proof and serial number ''S'' are posted as a zerocoin spend transaction, where miners verify the proof and that the serial number ''S'' has not been spent previously. After verification, the transaction is posted to the blockchain, and the amount of the base currency equal to the zerocoin denomination is transferred from the zerocoin escrow pool. Anonymity in the transaction is assured because the minted coin ''C'' is not linked to the serial number ''S'' used to redeem the coin.

One criticism of Zerocoin is the added computation time required by the process, which would need to have been performed primarily by miners. If the proofs were posted to the block chain, this would also dramatically increase the size of the block chain.<ref name=peck2013>{{cite news | url=http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/networks/whos-who-in-bitcoin-zerocoin-hero-matthew-green | title=Who’s who in Bitcoin: Zerocoin hero Matthew Green | work=IEEE Spectrum | last=Peck | first=Morgan E. | date=24 October 2013 | accessdate=31 January 2014 | publisher=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}}</ref>

==Extensions of Zerocoin==

Recognizing that Bitcoin was unlikely to be implement Zerocoin, the authors of Zerocoin expressed hope that other cryptocurrencies would incorporate Zerocoin anonymity features.<ref name="Bradbury" /> Currently, Zerocoin is being implemented in the alternative cryptocurrency Anoncoin.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://anoncoin.net |accessdate=2014-04-03|title=Anoncoin}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

==See also==
* [http://zerocoin.org Official Zerocoin website]
* [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=152786.0 Zerocoin forum at bitcointalk.org]
* [http://research.microsoft.com/apps/video/default.aspx?id=192058 Zerocoin presentation (Microsoft research)]

[[Category:Anonymity]]

Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-08-18T21:30:30Z

Lunokhod:

This article aims to list relevant cryptocurrencies, and [[:Bitcoin:About#Alternative cryptocurrencies|is the only article allowed to discuss altcoins specifically]]. These coins are ordered according to [http://coinmarketcap.com/ market cap].

== Top 10 by market cap ==
=== Bitcoin (BTC) ===
* http://bitcoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: January 3rd, 2009

=== Litecoin (LTC) ===
* http://litecoin.org/
* blocks every '''2.5 min'''
* coin supply* '''84 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''50''' coins per block
* Launch Date: October 2011

=== Peercoin (PPC) ===
* http://ppcoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=101820.0
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''non-deterministic ''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''each block'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''varies on difficulty''' coins per block
* Mining: Incorporates [[Proof of Stake]] coin Generation, contains central checksums to kickstart the protocol
* Launch Date: approx August 19th, 2012 (date of its [http://ppcoin.org/static/ppcoin-paper.pdf whitepaper])
** The public design phase of this coin was very brief.

=== Nxt (NXT) ===
* http://nextcoin.org
* Pronounced as "Next"
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Designed as 100% PoS ([[Proof of Stake|Proof-of-Stake]]) system
* Coin supply* '''1 billion''' coins exist from the start distributed by 74 founding stake holders
* Launch Date: September, 29, 2013

=== Dogecoin (Doge) ===
* http://www.Dogecoin.com/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''99 Billion''' coins will be available and 5 Billion added every year.
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''1,000,000 - 0 (Random)''' coins per block
* Launch Date: December 2013

=== Namecoin (NMC) ===
* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Namecoin
* (merged mined with BTC)
* https://github.com/vinced/namecoin
* http://namecoin.info/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: April 18, 2011

==Top 100==

=== Anoncoin (ANC) ===
* [https://anoncoin.net/ Anoncoin website]
* [https://wiki.anoncoin.net Anoncoin wiki]
* Built in support of I2P and Tor
* 4.2 million total coins
* Block reward 5 ANC, halved every 306k blocks
* Block target is 3.4 minutes
* Difficulty changes every block

The goal of Anoncoin is to provide a truly anonymous cryptocurrency. The location of the user is concealed by providing built-in support of the I2P darknet and Tor. [[Zerocoin]] will be implemented in an upcoming release, making it impossible to trace transactions in the blockchain.

=== Bytecoin (BCN) ===
* '''BCN''' https://bytecoin.org
* '''CryptoNote''' technology https://cryptonote.org/
* Algorithm: '''CryptoNight'''
* Started on July 4, 2012
* Block time: '''120 seconds (2 minutes)'''
* Difficulty retargets each block
* Block reward decreases each block according to the formula: BaseReward = (MSupply - A)/2^18, where MSupply = (2^64 - 1) atomic units and 'A' is amount of already generated coins
* Total 184.46 billion BCN
* '''Forum''' https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.0
* '''Forum''' https://cryptocointalk.com/forum/1362-bytecoin-bcn/
* '''Twitter''' https://twitter.com/Bytecoin_BCN
* '''Coin features:'''
**Difficult to trace payments by use of ring signature
**Only CPU-mining & ASIC-resistant
**POW mechanism is a voting system for users

=== Devcoin (DEV) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=34586.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''constant generation''' coins will be available (???)
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Reward '''50,000''' coins per block
* '''EXTRA 90% block subsidy goes to foundation'''

=== FeatherCoin (FTC) ===
* http://feathercoin.com/
* A fork of Litecoin
* 243 million total coins

=== Freicoin (FRC) ===
* http://freico.in/
* http://www.freicoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''100 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* [http://www.freicoin.org/freicoin-generation-graph-t41-20.html#p532 Arithmetically decreasing] reward
* EXTRA:
**4.89% annual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_currency demurrage]
**80% block subsidy [http://www.freicoin.org/application-developer-best-practices-t87.html#p919 goes to foundation for the first 3 years] (about 500 coins for each of first 161280 blocks, total 80m)

=== GoldCoin (GLD) ===
* http://gldcoin.com/
* https://www.gldtalk.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=317568.0
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''123 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* reward '''45''' coins per block

=== IxCoin (IXC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36701.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA1'''
* Reward '''96 '''coins per block

=== Mastercoin (MSC) ===
* http://www.mastercoin.org
* Coin supply: 619478.59338440 MSC
* Launch Date: September 1, 2013
* Blockchain: Uses Bitcoin for transport, storage and security, inherits Bitcoin Protocol properties
* Extended Properties: Distributed Exchange, Savings & Guardian Addresses, Contracts for Difference, Smart Properties, User Currencies
* Protocol: Master Protocol
* Spec Github Repo: https://github.com/mastercoin-MSC/spec

=== Megacoin (MΣC) ===
* http://www.megacoin.co.nz/
* https://forum.megacoin.co.nz
* Block Target is 2.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every every 420,000 blocks
* 25 coins per block
* 42 Million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

The implentation of the Kimoto Gravity well retargets difficulty every block. This keeps mining fair and secure for all miners and users of the coin, and prevents the rampant multipool abuse that was (and still is) common with most all other altcoins out on the market today.

=== Netcoin (NET) ===
* Main - http://netcoin.org.uk/
* Forums - http://forum.netcoinfoundation.org/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''320.6 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1024 '''coins per block
* Reward Halves '''Every 3 months or 129,600 Blocks'''
* Market Cap: approx. $200,000 (Dec 4th, 2013)
* Launch Date: Sept 2nd, 2013

=== Terracoin (TRC) ===
* http://terracoin.org/
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''42 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''30 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''20''' coins per block

==See Also==
* [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 List of all cryptocoins] curated list on BitcoinTalk forum.

[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-08-18T21:29:48Z

Lunokhod:

This article aims to list relevant cryptocurrencies, and [[:Bitcoin:About#Alternative cryptocurrencies|is the only article allowed to discuss altcoins specifically]]. These coins are ordered according to [http://coinmarketcap.com/ market cap].

== Top 10 by market cap ==
=== Bitcoin (BTC) ===
* http://bitcoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: January 3rd, 2009

=== Litecoin (LTC) ===
* http://litecoin.org/
* blocks every '''2.5 min'''
* coin supply* '''84 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''50''' coins per block
* Launch Date: October 2011

=== Peercoin (PPC) ===
* http://ppcoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=101820.0
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''non-deterministic ''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''each block'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''varies on difficulty''' coins per block
* Mining: Incorporates [[Proof of Stake]] coin Generation, contains central checksums to kickstart the protocol
* Launch Date: approx August 19th, 2012 (date of its [http://ppcoin.org/static/ppcoin-paper.pdf whitepaper])
** The public design phase of this coin was very brief.

=== Nxt (NXT) ===
* http://nextcoin.org
* Pronounced as "Next"
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Designed as 100% PoS ([[Proof of Stake|Proof-of-Stake]]) system
* Coin supply* '''1 billion''' coins exist from the start distributed by 74 founding stake holders
* Launch Date: September, 29, 2013

=== Dogecoin (Doge) ===
* http://www.Dogecoin.com/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''99 Billion''' coins will be available and 5 Billion added every year.
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''1,000,000 - 0 (Random)''' coins per block
* Launch Date: December 2013

=== Namecoin (NMC) ===
* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Namecoin
* (merged mined with BTC)
* https://github.com/vinced/namecoin
* http://namecoin.info/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: April 18, 2011

==Top 100==

=== Anoncoin (ANC) ===
* [https://anoncoin.net/ Anoncoin website]
* [https://wiki.anoncoin.net Anoncoin wiki]
* Built in support of I2P and Tor
* 4.2 million total coins
* Block reward 5 ANC, halved every 306k blocks
* Block target is 3.4 minutes
* Difficulty changes every block

The goal of Anoncoin is to provide a truly anonymous cryptocurrency. The location of the user is concealed by providing built-in support of the I2P darknet and Tor. [[Zerocoin]] will be implemented in an upcoming release, making it impossible to trace transactions in the blockchain.

=== Bytecoin (BCN) ===
* '''BCN''' https://bytecoin.org
* '''CryptoNote''' technology https://cryptonote.org/
* Algorithm: '''CryptoNight'''
* Started on July 4, 2012
* Block time: '''120 seconds (2 minutes)'''
* Difficulty retargets each block
* Block reward decreases each block according to the formula: BaseReward = (MSupply - A)/2^18, where MSupply = (2^64 - 1) atomic units and 'A' is amount of already generated coins
* Total 184.46 billion BCN
* '''Forum''' https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.0
* '''Forum''' https://cryptocointalk.com/forum/1362-bytecoin-bcn/
* '''Twitter''' https://twitter.com/Bytecoin_BCN
* '''Coin features:'''
**Difficult to trace payments by use of ring signature
**Only CPU-mining & ASIC-resistant
**POW mechanism is a voting system for users

=== Devcoin (DEV) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=34586.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''constant generation''' coins will be available (???)
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Reward '''50,000''' coins per block
* '''EXTRA 90% block subsidy goes to foundation'''

=== FeatherCoin (FTC) ===
* http://feathercoin.com/
* A fork of Litecoin
* 243 million total coins

=== Freicoin (FRC) ===
* http://freico.in/
* http://www.freicoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''100 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* [http://www.freicoin.org/freicoin-generation-graph-t41-20.html#p532 Arithmetically decreasing] reward
* EXTRA:
**4.89% annual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_currency demurrage]
**80% block subsidy [http://www.freicoin.org/application-developer-best-practices-t87.html#p919 goes to foundation for the first 3 years] (about 500 coins for each of first 161280 blocks, total 80m)

=== GoldCoin (GLD) ===
* http://gldcoin.com/
* https://www.gldtalk.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=317568.0
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''123 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* reward '''45''' coins per block

=== IxCoin (IXC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36701.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA1'''
* Reward '''96 '''coins per block

=== Mastercoin (MSC) ===
* http://www.mastercoin.org
* Coin supply: 619478.59338440 MSC
* Launch Date: September 1, 2013
* Blockchain: Uses Bitcoin for transport, storage and security, inherits Bitcoin Protocol properties
* Extended Properties: Distributed Exchange, Savings & Guardian Addresses, Contracts for Difference, Smart Properties, User Currencies
* Protocol: Master Protocol
* Spec Github Repo: https://github.com/mastercoin-MSC/spec

=== Megacoin (MΣC) ===
* http://www.megacoin.co.nz/
* https://forum.megacoin.co.nz
* Block Target is 2.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every every 420,000 blocks
* 25 coins per block
* 42 Million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

The implentation of the Kimoto Gravity well retargets difficulty every block. This keeps mining fair and secure for all miners and users of the coin, and prevents the rampant multipool abuse that was (and still is) common with most all other altcoins out on the market today.

=== Netcoin (NET) ===
* Main - http://netcoin.org.uk/
* Forums - http://forum.netcoinfoundation.org/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''320.6 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1024 '''coins per block
* Reward Halves '''Every 3 months or 129,600 Blocks'''
* Market Cap: approx. $200,000 (Dec 4th, 2013)
* Launch Date: Sept 2nd, 2013

=== Terracoin (TRC) ===
* http://terracoin.org/
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''42 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''30 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''20''' coins per block

=== Tonal Bitcoin (TBC) ===
* [[Tonal Bitcoin]]
* (merged mined with BTC)
* (blockchain shared with BTC)
* (automatically converted to/from BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''7.8 tam''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Initial Reward '''1,2905.2''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 2rd, 2011

==See Also==
* [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 List of all cryptocoins] curated list on BitcoinTalk forum.

[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-08-18T21:25:54Z

Lunokhod: removed "new" section, as this is really old. Divided into top 10 by market cap, and the rest in alphabetical order

This article aims to list relevant cryptocurrencies, and [[:Bitcoin:About#Alternative cryptocurrencies|is the only article allowed to discuss altcoins specifically]]. These coins are ordered according to [http://coinmarketcap.com/ market cap].

= Currencies =
== Top 10 by market cap ==
=== Bitcoin (BTC) ===
* http://bitcoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: January 3rd, 2009

=== Litecoin (LTC) ===
* http://litecoin.org/
* blocks every '''2.5 min'''
* coin supply* '''84 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''50''' coins per block
* Launch Date: October 2011

=== Peercoin (PPC) ===
* http://ppcoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=101820.0
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''non-deterministic ''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''each block'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''varies on difficulty''' coins per block
* Mining: Incorporates [[Proof of Stake]] coin Generation, contains central checksums to kickstart the protocol
* Launch Date: approx August 19th, 2012 (date of its [http://ppcoin.org/static/ppcoin-paper.pdf whitepaper])
** The public design phase of this coin was very brief.

=== Nxt (NXT) ===
* http://nextcoin.org
* Pronounced as "Next"
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Designed as 100% PoS ([[Proof of Stake|Proof-of-Stake]]) system
* Coin supply* '''1 billion''' coins exist from the start distributed by 74 founding stake holders
* Launch Date: September, 29, 2013

=== Dogecoin (Doge) ===
* http://www.Dogecoin.com/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''99 Billion''' coins will be available and 5 Billion added every year.
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''1,000,000 - 0 (Random)''' coins per block
* Launch Date: December 2013

=== Namecoin (NMC) ===
* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Namecoin
* (merged mined with BTC)
* https://github.com/vinced/namecoin
* http://namecoin.info/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: April 18, 2011

==Top 100==

=== Anoncoin (ANC) ===
* [https://anoncoin.net/ Anoncoin website]
* [https://wiki.anoncoin.net Anoncoin wiki]
* Built in support of I2P and Tor
* 4.2 million total coins
* Block reward 5 ANC, halved every 306k blocks
* Block target is 3.4 minutes
* Difficulty changes every block

The goal of Anoncoin is to provide a truly anonymous cryptocurrency. The location of the user is concealed by providing built-in support of the I2P darknet and Tor. [[Zerocoin]] will be implemented in an upcoming release, making it impossible to trace transactions in the blockchain.

=== Bytecoin (BCN) ===
* '''BCN''' https://bytecoin.org
* '''CryptoNote''' technology https://cryptonote.org/
* Algorithm: '''CryptoNight'''
* Started on July 4, 2012
* Block time: '''120 seconds (2 minutes)'''
* Difficulty retargets each block
* Block reward decreases each block according to the formula: BaseReward = (MSupply - A)/2^18, where MSupply = (2^64 - 1) atomic units and 'A' is amount of already generated coins
* Total 184.46 billion BCN
* '''Forum''' https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.0
* '''Forum''' https://cryptocointalk.com/forum/1362-bytecoin-bcn/
* '''Twitter''' https://twitter.com/Bytecoin_BCN
* '''Coin features:'''
**Difficult to trace payments by use of ring signature
**Only CPU-mining & ASIC-resistant
**POW mechanism is a voting system for users

=== Devcoin (DEV) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=34586.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''constant generation''' coins will be available (???)
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Reward '''50,000''' coins per block
* '''EXTRA 90% block subsidy goes to foundation'''

=== FeatherCoin (FTC) ===
* http://feathercoin.com/
* A fork of Litecoin
* 243 million total coins

=== Freicoin (FRC) ===
* http://freico.in/
* http://www.freicoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''100 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* [http://www.freicoin.org/freicoin-generation-graph-t41-20.html#p532 Arithmetically decreasing] reward
* EXTRA:
**4.89% annual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_currency demurrage]
**80% block subsidy [http://www.freicoin.org/application-developer-best-practices-t87.html#p919 goes to foundation for the first 3 years] (about 500 coins for each of first 161280 blocks, total 80m)

=== GoldCoin (GLD) ===
* http://gldcoin.com/
* https://www.gldtalk.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=317568.0
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''123 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* reward '''45''' coins per block

=== IxCoin (IXC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36701.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA1'''
* Reward '''96 '''coins per block

=== Mastercoin (MSC) ===
* http://www.mastercoin.org
* Coin supply: 619478.59338440 MSC
* Launch Date: September 1, 2013
* Blockchain: Uses Bitcoin for transport, storage and security, inherits Bitcoin Protocol properties
* Extended Properties: Distributed Exchange, Savings & Guardian Addresses, Contracts for Difference, Smart Properties, User Currencies
* Protocol: Master Protocol
* Spec Github Repo: https://github.com/mastercoin-MSC/spec

=== Megacoin (MΣC) ===
* http://www.megacoin.co.nz/
* https://forum.megacoin.co.nz
* Block Target is 2.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every every 420,000 blocks
* 25 coins per block
* 42 Million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

The implentation of the Kimoto Gravity well retargets difficulty every block. This keeps mining fair and secure for all miners and users of the coin, and prevents the rampant multipool abuse that was (and still is) common with most all other altcoins out on the market today.

=== Netcoin (NET) ===
* Main - http://netcoin.org.uk/
* Forums - http://forum.netcoinfoundation.org/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''320.6 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1024 '''coins per block
* Reward Halves '''Every 3 months or 129,600 Blocks'''
* Market Cap: approx. $200,000 (Dec 4th, 2013)
* Launch Date: Sept 2nd, 2013

=== Terracoin (TRC) ===
* http://terracoin.org/
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''42 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''30 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''20''' coins per block

=== Tonal Bitcoin (TBC) ===
* [[Tonal Bitcoin]]
* (merged mined with BTC)
* (blockchain shared with BTC)
* (automatically converted to/from BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''7.8 tam''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Initial Reward '''1,2905.2''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 2rd, 2011

=See Also=
* [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 List of all cryptocoins] curated list on BitcoinTalk forum.

[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-08-17T15:16:34Z

Lunokhod: /* Anoncoin (ANC) */ minor rewording

This article aims to list relevant cryptocurrencies, and [[:Bitcoin:About#Alternative cryptocurrencies|is the only article allowed to discuss altcoins specifically]].

= Currencies =
== Major ==
=== Bitcoin (BTC) ===
* http://bitcoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 3rd, 2009

=== Namecoin (NMC) ===
* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Namecoin
* (merged mined with BTC)
* https://github.com/vinced/namecoin
* http://namecoin.info/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: April 18, 2011

=== Litecoin (LTC) ===
* http://litecoin.org/
* blocks every '''2.5 min'''
* coin supply* '''84 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''50''' coins per block
* Market Cap: 150,000 BTC
* Launch Date: October 2011

=== Dogecoin (Doge) ===
* http://www.Dogecoin.com/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''99 Billion''' coins will be available and 5 Billion added every year.
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''1,000,000 - 0 (Random)''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $56,000,000
* Launch Date: December 2013

=== Peercoin (PPC) ===
* http://ppcoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=101820.0
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''non-deterministic ''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''each block'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''varies on difficulty''' coins per block
* Mining: Incorporates [[Proof of Stake]] coin Generation, contains central checksums to kickstart the protocol
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: approx August 19th, 2012 (date of its [http://ppcoin.org/static/ppcoin-paper.pdf whitepaper])
** The public design phase of this coin was very brief.

=== Mastercoin (MSC) ===
* http://www.mastercoin.org
* Coin supply: 619478.59338440 MSC
* Launch Date: September 1, 2013
* Blockchain: Uses Bitcoin for transport, storage and security, inherits Bitcoin Protocol properties
* Extended Properties: Distributed Exchange, Savings & Guardian Addresses, Contracts for Difference, Smart Properties, User Currencies
* Protocol: Master Protocol
* Spec Github Repo: https://github.com/mastercoin-MSC/spec

== New ==
''Please put here any coins whose concept are new. If a coin is discussed for 6 months and launched yesterday, it is not new.''

=== Hashcoin (HSC) ===
* http://hashcoin.technology
* Block reward: '''1024 HSC'''
* Block time: '''10 seconds'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Retarget: Every 720 blocks or every '''2 Hours'''
* Coin supply: '''28.4 billion''' (28,401,840,000) total coins
* Block reward halved every 9,467,280 blocks (~ 3 years)
* Extended Properties: Decentralised Exchange, Real-time Payroll, Digitised Property Rights, Contract Rights & Intellectual Property Rights, Trading Locales, DNA Records, Patents, Shares.
* Launch Date: April 27, 2014

=== Omnicoin (OMNI) ===
* http://omni-coin.co
* Block reward: '''100 omnicoin'''
* Block time: '''600 seconds'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Retarget: Every 720 blocks or every '''2 Hours'''
* Coin supply: '''41 million''' (41,840,000) total coins
* Block reward halved every 21000 blocks
* Launch Date: May 8, 2014
* Going Live: June 1,2014

=== Coino (CON) ===
* http://www.coino.org
* PoW algorithm: '''Scrypt'''
* Block reward: '''35 CON''' (First 140 Blocks only 1 Coin for instamine)
* Block time: '''25 seconds'''
* Retarget: '''1 Hour'''
* Coin supply: '''100 million''' total coins
* Launch Date: January 18, 2014

=== RonPaulCoin (RPC) ===
* http://www.ronpaulcoin.com
* Blocks every '''2 min'''
* Coin supply '''2.1 million''' total coins
* Difficulty adjustment '''every block'''
* Hashing algorithm '''scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1 '''coin per block
* Block reward halved every 262k blocks (~ 4 years)
* Launch Date: December 29, 2013

=== Betacoin (BET) ===
* http://betacoin.org/
* Blocks every '''4 min'''
* Coin supply* '''32 million''' coins will be mined in ~ first 6 years + '''0,39% annual'''
* Difficulty adjustment* '''6 blocks'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''128 '''coins per block
* Block reward halved every 126k blocks (~ 1 year)
* Launch Date: October, 2013

=== Nxt (NXT) ===
* http://nextcoin.org
* Pronounced as "Next"
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Designed as 100% PoS ([[Proof of Stake|Proof-of-Stake]]) system
* Coin supply* '''1 billion''' coins exist from the start distributed by 74 founding stake holders
* Launch Date: September, 29, 2013

=== Globe (GLB) ===
* http://www.globecrypto.com/
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''10''' coin per block
* Block reward halved at 86.4k blocks, 5 coins per block thereafter, with 4% increase annually
* Launch Date: December 06, 2013

=== Valutacoin(VAC) ===
* http://valutacoin.com/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: April 2014

== Minor ==

=== ImperialCoin (IMP) ===
* http://imperialcoin.pw
* Multiple algorithms
* SHA256, Scrypt, Skein, Qubit, Groestl algorithms
* Not to be confused with IPC, a Scrypt only coin.
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Coin supply is '''1.024 billion'''
* Created only by a 14 year old.
* Launch Date: March 1, 2014

=== Megacoin (MΣC) ===
* http://www.megacoin.co.nz/
* https://forum.megacoin.co.nz
* Block Target is 2.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every every 420,000 blocks
* 25 coins per block
* 42 Million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

The implentation of the Kimoto Gravity well retargets difficulty every block. This keeps mining fair and secure for all miners and users of the coin, and prevents the rampant multipool abuse that was (and still is) common with most all other altcoins out on the market today.

=== Anoncoin (ANC) ===
* [https://anoncoin.net/ Anoncoin website]
* [https://wiki.anoncoin.net Anoncoin wiki]
* Built in support of I2P and Tor
* 4.2 million total coins
* Block reward 5 ANC, halved every 306k blocks
* Block target is 3.4 minutes
* Difficulty changes every block

The goal of Anoncoin is to provide a truly anonymous cryptocurrency. The location of the user is concealed by providing built-in support of the I2P darknet and Tor. [[Zerocoin]] will be implemented in an upcoming release, making it impossible to trace transactions in the blockchain.

=== Franko (FRK) ===
* http://www.frankos.org/
* http://forum.frankos.org
* Block Target is 0.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every 22m blocks
* 0.25 coins per block
* 11.2 million total coins
* Difficulty changes every 720 blocks

Franko is considered the crypto with the fairest adoption length. Accepted by over 50 merchants and 10 brick and mortar stores.

Base currency used by the Franko Collective, a democratic group of developers.

=== FeatherCoin (FTC) ===
* http://feathercoin.com/
* A fork of Litecoin
* 243 million total coins

=== CraftCoin (CRC) ===
* http://craftcoin.net/
* Based on Litecoin
* Portable in-game currency for Minecraft Servers
* 206,847 total coins

=== Tonal Bitcoin (TBC) ===
* [[Tonal Bitcoin]]
* (merged mined with BTC)
* (blockchain shared with BTC)
* (automatically converted to/from BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''7.8 tam''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Initial Reward '''1,2905.2''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 2rd, 2011

=== IxCoin (IXC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36701.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA1'''
* Reward '''96 '''coins per block

=== Devcoin (DEV) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=34586.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''constant generation''' coins will be available (???)
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Reward '''50,000''' coins per block
* '''EXTRA 90% block subsidy goes to foundation'''

=== Freicoin (FRC) ===
* http://freico.in/
* http://www.freicoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=89843.0
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3816.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''100 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* [http://www.freicoin.org/freicoin-generation-graph-t41-20.html#p532 Arithmetically decreasing] reward
* EXTRA:
-- 4.89% annual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_currency demurrage]
-- 80% block subsidy [http://www.freicoin.org/application-developer-best-practices-t87.html#p919 goes to foundation for the first 3 years] (about 500 coins for each of first 161280 blocks, total 80m)
-- [u]In need of Dev work on daemon, client etc but network still running[/u]

=== I0coin (I0C) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36425.0 ; https://github.com/kr105rlz/i0coin
* Perhaps should be moved to Dead section?

=== Terracoin (TRC) ===
* http://terracoin.org/
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''42 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''30 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''20''' coins per block

=== Liquidcoin (LQC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=60026.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* '''no cap''' as block subsidy has a minimum of 1 coin
* Constant difficulty of '''0.5'''
* Coin reward drops over time

=== BBQCoin (BQC) ===
* http://blog.bbqcoin.org http://www.bbqcoin.com
* blocks every '''1 minute'''
* coin supply* '''88 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''42''' coins per block

=== BitBar (BTB) ===
* http://bitbar.biz/home
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''1''' coin per block
* Coin reward drops over time

=== Netcoin (NET) ===
* Main - http://netcoin.org.uk/
* Forums - http://forum.netcoinfoundation.org/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''320.6 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1024 '''coins per block
* Reward Halves '''Every 3 months or 129,600 Blocks'''
* Market Cap: approx. $200,000 (Dec 4th, 2013)
* Launch Date: Sept 2nd, 2013

=== GoldCoin (GLD) ===
* http://gldcoin.com/
* https://www.gldtalk.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=317568.0
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''123 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* reward '''45''' coins per block

=== Bytecoin (BCN) ===
* '''BCN''' https://bytecoin.org
* '''CryptoNote''' technology https://cryptonote.org/
* Algorithm: '''CryptoNight'''
* Started on July 4, 2012
* Block time: '''120 seconds (2 minutes)'''
* Difficulty retargets each block
* Block reward decreases each block according to the formula: BaseReward = (MSupply - A)/2^18, where MSupply = (2^64 - 1) atomic units and 'A' is amount of already generated coins
* Total 184.46 billion BCN
* Bytecoin is '''not''' a fork Bitcoin
* '''Forum''' https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.0
* '''Forum''' https://cryptocointalk.com/forum/1362-bytecoin-bcn/
* '''Twitter''' https://twitter.com/Bytecoin_BCN
* '''Coin features:'''
-- True anonymity & data protection
-- Untraceable payments use ring signature
-- Unlinkable transactions with random data by the sender
-- Blockchain analysis resistant
-- Only CPU-mining & ASIC-resistant
-- POW mechanism is a voting system for users

== Dead / dying ==
===Qubic===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=112676.0
Qubic Forum: http://qubic.boards.net
===TimeKoin===
Still alive* http://timekoin.org/* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=88467.0
===SC Solidcoin===
scam?* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/SolidCoin ; http://solidcoin.info/
===GG Geist Geld===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=42417.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/GeistGeld
===TBX Tenebrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=45667.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/Tenebrix
===FBX Fairbrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=46528.0 ; https://github.com/coblee/Fairbrix
===CLC Coiledcoin===
killed in 51% attack ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=56675.0
===RUC Rucoin===
https://www.rucoin.org/ ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=48582.0
===MMM MMMcoin===
dead
===Weeds===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]
===Beertoken===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]

=See Also=
* [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 List of all cryptocoins] curated list on BitcoinTalk forum.

[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-08-17T15:03:36Z

Lunokhod: /* Anoncoin (ANC) */ Minor updating of links...

This article aims to list relevant cryptocurrencies, and [[:Bitcoin:About#Alternative cryptocurrencies|is the only article allowed to discuss altcoins specifically]].

= Currencies =
== Major ==
=== Bitcoin (BTC) ===
* http://bitcoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 3rd, 2009

=== Namecoin (NMC) ===
* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Namecoin
* (merged mined with BTC)
* https://github.com/vinced/namecoin
* http://namecoin.info/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: April 18, 2011

=== Litecoin (LTC) ===
* http://litecoin.org/
* blocks every '''2.5 min'''
* coin supply* '''84 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''50''' coins per block
* Market Cap: 150,000 BTC
* Launch Date: October 2011

=== Dogecoin (Doge) ===
* http://www.Dogecoin.com/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''99 Billion''' coins will be available and 5 Billion added every year.
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''1,000,000 - 0 (Random)''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $56,000,000
* Launch Date: December 2013

=== Peercoin (PPC) ===
* http://ppcoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=101820.0
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''non-deterministic ''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''each block'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''varies on difficulty''' coins per block
* Mining: Incorporates [[Proof of Stake]] coin Generation, contains central checksums to kickstart the protocol
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: approx August 19th, 2012 (date of its [http://ppcoin.org/static/ppcoin-paper.pdf whitepaper])
** The public design phase of this coin was very brief.

=== Mastercoin (MSC) ===
* http://www.mastercoin.org
* Coin supply: 619478.59338440 MSC
* Launch Date: September 1, 2013
* Blockchain: Uses Bitcoin for transport, storage and security, inherits Bitcoin Protocol properties
* Extended Properties: Distributed Exchange, Savings & Guardian Addresses, Contracts for Difference, Smart Properties, User Currencies
* Protocol: Master Protocol
* Spec Github Repo: https://github.com/mastercoin-MSC/spec

== New ==
''Please put here any coins whose concept are new. If a coin is discussed for 6 months and launched yesterday, it is not new.''

=== Hashcoin (HSC) ===
* http://hashcoin.technology
* Block reward: '''1024 HSC'''
* Block time: '''10 seconds'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Retarget: Every 720 blocks or every '''2 Hours'''
* Coin supply: '''28.4 billion''' (28,401,840,000) total coins
* Block reward halved every 9,467,280 blocks (~ 3 years)
* Extended Properties: Decentralised Exchange, Real-time Payroll, Digitised Property Rights, Contract Rights & Intellectual Property Rights, Trading Locales, DNA Records, Patents, Shares.
* Launch Date: April 27, 2014

=== Omnicoin (OMNI) ===
* http://omni-coin.co
* Block reward: '''100 omnicoin'''
* Block time: '''600 seconds'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Retarget: Every 720 blocks or every '''2 Hours'''
* Coin supply: '''41 million''' (41,840,000) total coins
* Block reward halved every 21000 blocks
* Launch Date: May 8, 2014
* Going Live: June 1,2014

=== Coino (CON) ===
* http://www.coino.org
* PoW algorithm: '''Scrypt'''
* Block reward: '''35 CON''' (First 140 Blocks only 1 Coin for instamine)
* Block time: '''25 seconds'''
* Retarget: '''1 Hour'''
* Coin supply: '''100 million''' total coins
* Launch Date: January 18, 2014

=== RonPaulCoin (RPC) ===
* http://www.ronpaulcoin.com
* Blocks every '''2 min'''
* Coin supply '''2.1 million''' total coins
* Difficulty adjustment '''every block'''
* Hashing algorithm '''scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1 '''coin per block
* Block reward halved every 262k blocks (~ 4 years)
* Launch Date: December 29, 2013

=== Betacoin (BET) ===
* http://betacoin.org/
* Blocks every '''4 min'''
* Coin supply* '''32 million''' coins will be mined in ~ first 6 years + '''0,39% annual'''
* Difficulty adjustment* '''6 blocks'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''128 '''coins per block
* Block reward halved every 126k blocks (~ 1 year)
* Launch Date: October, 2013

=== Nxt (NXT) ===
* http://nextcoin.org
* Pronounced as "Next"
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Designed as 100% PoS ([[Proof of Stake|Proof-of-Stake]]) system
* Coin supply* '''1 billion''' coins exist from the start distributed by 74 founding stake holders
* Launch Date: September, 29, 2013

=== Globe (GLB) ===
* http://www.globecrypto.com/
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''10''' coin per block
* Block reward halved at 86.4k blocks, 5 coins per block thereafter, with 4% increase annually
* Launch Date: December 06, 2013

=== Valutacoin(VAC) ===
* http://valutacoin.com/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: April 2014

== Minor ==

=== ImperialCoin (IMP) ===
* http://imperialcoin.pw
* Multiple algorithms
* SHA256, Scrypt, Skein, Qubit, Groestl algorithms
* Not to be confused with IPC, a Scrypt only coin.
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Coin supply is '''1.024 billion'''
* Created only by a 14 year old.
* Launch Date: March 1, 2014

=== Megacoin (MΣC) ===
* http://www.megacoin.co.nz/
* https://forum.megacoin.co.nz
* Block Target is 2.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every every 420,000 blocks
* 25 coins per block
* 42 Million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

The implentation of the Kimoto Gravity well retargets difficulty every block. This keeps mining fair and secure for all miners and users of the coin, and prevents the rampant multipool abuse that was (and still is) common with most all other altcoins out on the market today.

=== Anoncoin (ANC) ===
* [https://anoncoin.net/ Anoncoin website]
* [https://wiki.anoncoin.net Anoncoin wiki]
* Built in support of I2P and Tor
* 4.2 million total coins
* Block reward 5 ANC, halved every 306k blocks
* Block Target is 3.4 minutes
* Difficulty changes every block

Anoncoin's goal is to make the user more anonymous by providing built-in support of I2P and Tor. [[Zerocoin]] support will be incorporated in the next release.

=== Franko (FRK) ===
* http://www.frankos.org/
* http://forum.frankos.org
* Block Target is 0.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every 22m blocks
* 0.25 coins per block
* 11.2 million total coins
* Difficulty changes every 720 blocks

Franko is considered the crypto with the fairest adoption length. Accepted by over 50 merchants and 10 brick and mortar stores.

Base currency used by the Franko Collective, a democratic group of developers.

=== FeatherCoin (FTC) ===
* http://feathercoin.com/
* A fork of Litecoin
* 243 million total coins

=== CraftCoin (CRC) ===
* http://craftcoin.net/
* Based on Litecoin
* Portable in-game currency for Minecraft Servers
* 206,847 total coins

=== Tonal Bitcoin (TBC) ===
* [[Tonal Bitcoin]]
* (merged mined with BTC)
* (blockchain shared with BTC)
* (automatically converted to/from BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''7.8 tam''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Initial Reward '''1,2905.2''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 2rd, 2011

=== IxCoin (IXC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36701.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA1'''
* Reward '''96 '''coins per block

=== Devcoin (DEV) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=34586.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''constant generation''' coins will be available (???)
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Reward '''50,000''' coins per block
* '''EXTRA 90% block subsidy goes to foundation'''

=== Freicoin (FRC) ===
* http://freico.in/
* http://www.freicoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=89843.0
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3816.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''100 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* [http://www.freicoin.org/freicoin-generation-graph-t41-20.html#p532 Arithmetically decreasing] reward
* EXTRA:
-- 4.89% annual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_currency demurrage]
-- 80% block subsidy [http://www.freicoin.org/application-developer-best-practices-t87.html#p919 goes to foundation for the first 3 years] (about 500 coins for each of first 161280 blocks, total 80m)
-- [u]In need of Dev work on daemon, client etc but network still running[/u]

=== I0coin (I0C) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36425.0 ; https://github.com/kr105rlz/i0coin
* Perhaps should be moved to Dead section?

=== Terracoin (TRC) ===
* http://terracoin.org/
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''42 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''30 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''20''' coins per block

=== Liquidcoin (LQC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=60026.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* '''no cap''' as block subsidy has a minimum of 1 coin
* Constant difficulty of '''0.5'''
* Coin reward drops over time

=== BBQCoin (BQC) ===
* http://blog.bbqcoin.org http://www.bbqcoin.com
* blocks every '''1 minute'''
* coin supply* '''88 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''42''' coins per block

=== BitBar (BTB) ===
* http://bitbar.biz/home
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''1''' coin per block
* Coin reward drops over time

=== Netcoin (NET) ===
* Main - http://netcoin.org.uk/
* Forums - http://forum.netcoinfoundation.org/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''320.6 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1024 '''coins per block
* Reward Halves '''Every 3 months or 129,600 Blocks'''
* Market Cap: approx. $200,000 (Dec 4th, 2013)
* Launch Date: Sept 2nd, 2013

=== GoldCoin (GLD) ===
* http://gldcoin.com/
* https://www.gldtalk.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=317568.0
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''123 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* reward '''45''' coins per block

=== Bytecoin (BCN) ===
* '''BCN''' https://bytecoin.org
* '''CryptoNote''' technology https://cryptonote.org/
* Algorithm: '''CryptoNight'''
* Started on July 4, 2012
* Block time: '''120 seconds (2 minutes)'''
* Difficulty retargets each block
* Block reward decreases each block according to the formula: BaseReward = (MSupply - A)/2^18, where MSupply = (2^64 - 1) atomic units and 'A' is amount of already generated coins
* Total 184.46 billion BCN
* Bytecoin is '''not''' a fork Bitcoin
* '''Forum''' https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=512747.0
* '''Forum''' https://cryptocointalk.com/forum/1362-bytecoin-bcn/
* '''Twitter''' https://twitter.com/Bytecoin_BCN
* '''Coin features:'''
-- True anonymity & data protection
-- Untraceable payments use ring signature
-- Unlinkable transactions with random data by the sender
-- Blockchain analysis resistant
-- Only CPU-mining & ASIC-resistant
-- POW mechanism is a voting system for users

== Dead / dying ==
===Qubic===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=112676.0
Qubic Forum: http://qubic.boards.net
===TimeKoin===
Still alive* http://timekoin.org/* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=88467.0
===SC Solidcoin===
scam?* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/SolidCoin ; http://solidcoin.info/
===GG Geist Geld===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=42417.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/GeistGeld
===TBX Tenebrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=45667.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/Tenebrix
===FBX Fairbrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=46528.0 ; https://github.com/coblee/Fairbrix
===CLC Coiledcoin===
killed in 51% attack ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=56675.0
===RUC Rucoin===
https://www.rucoin.org/ ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=48582.0
===MMM MMMcoin===
dead
===Weeds===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]
===Beertoken===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]

=See Also=
* [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 List of all cryptocoins] curated list on BitcoinTalk forum.

[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-04-23T14:23:36Z

Lunokhod: /* See Also */

This article aims to list relevant cryptocurrencies, even those too minor to have their own wiki entry. For further information, see the discussion [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 on this bitcointalk.org thread].

= Currencies =
== Major ==
=== Bitcoin (BTC) ===
* http://bitcoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 3rd, 2009

=== Namecoin (NMC) ===
* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Namecoin
* (merged mined with BTC)
* https://github.com/vinced/namecoin
* http://namecoin.info/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: April 18, 2011

=== Litecoin (LTC) ===
* http://litecoin.org/
* blocks every '''2.5 min'''
* coin supply* '''84 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''50''' coins per block
* Market Cap: 150,000 BTC
* Launch Date: October 2011

=== Dogecoin (Doge) ===
* http://www.Dogecoin.com/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''99 Billion''' coins will be available and 5 Billion added every year.
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''1,000,000 - 0 (Random)''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $56,000,000
* Launch Date: December 2013

=== [[Peercoin]] (PPC) ===
* http://ppcoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=101820.0
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''non-deterministic ''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''each block'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''varies on difficulty''' coins per block
* Mining: Incorporates [[Proof of Stake]] coin Generation, contains central checksums to kickstart the protocol
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: approx August 19th, 2012 (date of its [http://ppcoin.org/static/ppcoin-paper.pdf whitepaper])
** The public design phase of this coin was very brief.

=== Mastercoin (MSC) ===
* http://www.mastercoin.org
* Coin supply: 619478.59338440 MSC
* Launch Date: September 1, 2013
* Blockchain: Uses Bitcoin for transport, storage and security, inherits Bitcoin Protocol properties
* Extended Properties: Distributed Exchange, Savings & Guardian Addresses, Contracts for Difference, Smart Properties, User Currencies
* Protocol: Master Protocol
* Spec Github Repo: https://github.com/mastercoin-MSC/spec

== New ==
''Please put here any coins whose concept are new. If a coin is discussed for 6 months and launched yesterday, it is not new.''

=== Hashcoin (HSC) ===
* http://hashcoin.technology
* Block reward: '''1024 HSC'''
* Block time: '''10 seconds'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Retarget: Every 720 blocks or every '''2 Hours'''
* Coin supply: '''28.4 billion''' (28,401,840,000) total coins
* Block reward halved every 9,467,280 blocks (~ 3 years)
* Extended Properties: Decentralised Exchange, Real-time Payroll, Digitised Property Rights, Contract Rights & Intellectual Property Rights, Trading Locales, DNA Records, Patents, Shares.
* Launch Date: January 3, 2014
* Site Go-Live: April 26, 2014

=== Coino (CON) ===
* http://www.coino.org
* PoW algorithm: '''Scrypt'''
* Block reward: '''35 CON''' (First 140 Blocks only 1 Coin for instamine)
* Block time: '''25 seconds'''
* Retarget: '''1 Hour'''
* Coin supply: '''100 million''' total coins
* Launch Date: January 18, 2014

=== RonPaulCoin (RPC) ===
* http://www.ronpaulcoin.com
* Blocks every '''2 min'''
* Coin supply '''2.1 million''' total coins
* Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''
* Hashing algorithm '''scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1 '''coin per block
* Block reward halved every 262k blocks (~ 4 years)
* Launch Date: December 29, 2013

=== Betacoin (BET) ===
* http://betacoin.org/
* Blocks every '''4 min'''
* Coin supply* '''32 million''' coins will be mined in ~ first 6 years + '''0,39% annual'''
* Difficulty adjustment* '''6 blocks'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''128 '''coins per block
* Block reward halved every 126k blocks (~ 1 year)
* Launch Date: October, 2013

=== Nxt (NXT) ===
* http://nextcoin.org
* Pronounced as "Next"
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Designed as 100% PoS (Proof-of-Stake) system
* Coin supply* '''1 billion''' coins exist from the start distributed by 74 founding stake holders
* Launch Date: September, 29, 2013

=== Globe (GLB) ===
* http://www.globecrypto.com/
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''10''' coin per block
* Block reward halved at 86.4k blocks, 5 coins per block thereafter, with 4% increase annually
* Launch Date: December 06, 2013

=== Valutacoin(VAC) ===
* http://valutacoin.com/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: April 2014

== Minor ==
=== Megacoin (MΣC) ===
* http://www.megacoin.co.nz/
* https://forum.megacoin.co.nz
* Block Target is 2.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every every 420,000 blocks
* 25 coins per block
* 42 Million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

The implentation of the Kimoto Gravity well retargets difficulty every block. This keeps mining fair and secure for all miners and users of the coin, and prevents the rampant multipool abuse that was (and still is) common with most all other altcoins out on the market today.

=== [[Anoncoin]] (ANC) ===
* https://anoncoin.net/
* https://forum.anoncoin.net
* Block Target is 3.4 minutes
* Block reward halved every 306k blocks
* 5 coins per block
* 4.2 million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

[[Anoncoin]]'s goal is to make the user more anonymous by providing built-in support for I2P and [[Zerocoin]].

=== Franko (FRK) ===
* http://www.frankos.org/
* http://forum.frankos.org
* Block Target is 0.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every 22m blocks
* 0.25 coins per block
* 11.2 million total coins
* Difficulty changes every 720 blocks

Franko is considered the crypto with the fairest adoption length. Accepted by over 50 merchants and 10 brick and mortar stores.

Base currency used by the Franko Collective, a democratic group of developers.

=== FeatherCoin (FTC) ===
* http://feathercoin.com/
* A fork of Litecoin
* 243 million total coins

=== CraftCoin (CRC) ===
* http://craftcoin.net/
* Based on Litecoin
* Portable in-game currency for Minecraft Servers
* 206,847 total coins

=== Tonal Bitcoin (TBC) ===
* [[Tonal Bitcoin]]
* (merged mined with BTC)
* (blockchain shared with BTC)
* (automatically converted to/from BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''7.8 tam''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Initial Reward '''1,2905.2''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 2rd, 2011

=== IxCoin (IXC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36701.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA1'''
* Reward '''96 '''coins per block

=== Devcoin (DEV) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=34586.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''constant generation''' coins will be available (???)
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Reward '''50,000''' coins per block
* '''EXTRA 90% block subsidy goes to foundation'''

=== Freicoin (FRC) ===
* http://freico.in/
* http://www.freicoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=89843.0
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3816.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''100 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* [http://www.freicoin.org/freicoin-generation-graph-t41-20.html#p532 Arithmetically decreasing] reward
* EXTRA:
-- 4.89% annual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_currency demurrage]
-- 80% block subsidy [http://www.freicoin.org/application-developer-best-practices-t87.html#p919 goes to foundation for the first 3 years] (about 500 coins for each of first 161280 blocks, total 80m)
-- [u]In need of Dev work on daemon, client etc but network still running[/u]

=== I0coin (I0C) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36425.0 ; https://github.com/kr105rlz/i0coin
* Perhaps should be moved to Dead section?

=== Terracoin (TRC) ===
* http://terracoin.org/
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''42 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''30 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''20''' coins per block

=== Liquidcoin (LQC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=60026.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* '''no cap''' as block subsidy has a minimum of 1 coin
* Constant difficulty of '''0.5'''
* Coin reward drops over time

=== BBQCoin (BQC) ===
* http://blog.bbqcoin.org http://www.bbqcoin.com
* blocks every '''1 minute'''
* coin supply* '''88 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''42''' coins per block

=== BitBar (BTB) ===
* http://bitbar.biz/home
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''1''' coin per block
* Coin reward drops over time

=== Netcoin (NET) ===
* Main - http://netcoin.org.uk/
* Forums - http://forum.netcoinfoundation.org/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''320.6 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1024 '''coins per block
* Reward Halves '''Every 3 months or 129,600 Blocks'''
* Market Cap: approx. $200,000 (Dec 4th, 2013)
* Launch Date: Sept 2nd, 2013

=== GoldCoin (GLD) ===
* http://gldcoin.com/
* https://www.gldtalk.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=317568.0
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''123 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* reward '''45''' coins per block

== Dead / dying ==
===Qubic===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=112676.0
Qubic Forum: http://qubic.boards.net
===TimeKoin===
Still alive* http://timekoin.org/* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php topic=88467.0
===SC Solidcoin===
scam?* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/SolidCoin ; http://solidcoin.info/
===GG Geist Geld===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=42417.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/GeistGeld
===TBX Tenebrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=45667.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/Tenebrix
===FBX Fairbrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=46528.0 ; https://github.com/coblee/Fairbrix
===CLC Coiledcoin===
killed in 51% attack ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=56675.0
===RUC Rucoin===
https://www.rucoin.org/ ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=48582.0
===MMM MMMcoin===
dead
===Weeds===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]
===Beertoken===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]

=See Also=
* [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 List of all cryptocoins] curated list on BitcoinTalk forum.

[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-04-23T14:16:48Z

Lunokhod: minor formatting...

This article aims to list relevant cryptocurrencies, even those too minor to have their own wiki entry. For further information, see the discussion [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 on this bitcointalk.org thread].

= Currencies =
== Major ==
=== Bitcoin (BTC) ===
* http://bitcoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 3rd, 2009

=== Namecoin (NMC) ===
* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Namecoin
* (merged mined with BTC)
* https://github.com/vinced/namecoin
* http://namecoin.info/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: April 18, 2011

=== Litecoin (LTC) ===
* http://litecoin.org/
* blocks every '''2.5 min'''
* coin supply* '''84 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''50''' coins per block
* Market Cap: 150,000 BTC
* Launch Date: October 2011

=== Dogecoin (Doge) ===
* http://www.Dogecoin.com/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''99 Billion''' coins will be available and 5 Billion added every year.
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''1,000,000 - 0 (Random)''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $56,000,000
* Launch Date: December 2013

=== [[Peercoin]] (PPC) ===
* http://ppcoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=101820.0
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''non-deterministic ''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''each block'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''varies on difficulty''' coins per block
* Mining: Incorporates [[Proof of Stake]] coin Generation, contains central checksums to kickstart the protocol
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: approx August 19th, 2012 (date of its [http://ppcoin.org/static/ppcoin-paper.pdf whitepaper])
** The public design phase of this coin was very brief.

=== Mastercoin (MSC) ===
* http://www.mastercoin.org
* Coin supply: 619478.59338440 MSC
* Launch Date: September 1, 2013
* Blockchain: Uses Bitcoin for transport, storage and security, inherits Bitcoin Protocol properties
* Extended Properties: Distributed Exchange, Savings & Guardian Addresses, Contracts for Difference, Smart Properties, User Currencies
* Protocol: Master Protocol
* Spec Github Repo: https://github.com/mastercoin-MSC/spec

== New ==
''Please put here any coins whose concept are new. If a coin is discussed for 6 months and launched yesterday, it is not new.''

=== Hashcoin (HSC) ===
* http://hashcoin.technology
* Block reward: '''1024 HSC'''
* Block time: '''10 seconds'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Retarget: Every 720 blocks or every '''2 Hours'''
* Coin supply: '''28.4 billion''' (28,401,840,000) total coins
* Block reward halved every 9,467,280 blocks (~ 3 years)
* Extended Properties: Decentralised Exchange, Real-time Payroll, Digitised Property Rights, Contract Rights & Intellectual Property Rights, Trading Locales, DNA Records, Patents, Shares.
* Launch Date: January 3, 2014
* Site Go-Live: April 26, 2014

=== Coino (CON) ===
* http://www.coino.org
* PoW algorithm: '''Scrypt'''
* Block reward: '''35 CON''' (First 140 Blocks only 1 Coin for instamine)
* Block time: '''25 seconds'''
* Retarget: '''1 Hour'''
* Coin supply: '''100 million''' total coins
* Launch Date: January 18, 2014

=== RonPaulCoin (RPC) ===
* http://www.ronpaulcoin.com
* Blocks every '''2 min'''
* Coin supply '''2.1 million''' total coins
* Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''
* Hashing algorithm '''scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1 '''coin per block
* Block reward halved every 262k blocks (~ 4 years)
* Launch Date: December 29, 2013

=== Betacoin (BET) ===
* http://betacoin.org/
* Blocks every '''4 min'''
* Coin supply* '''32 million''' coins will be mined in ~ first 6 years + '''0,39% annual'''
* Difficulty adjustment* '''6 blocks'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''128 '''coins per block
* Block reward halved every 126k blocks (~ 1 year)
* Launch Date: October, 2013

=== Nxt (NXT) ===
* http://nextcoin.org
* Pronounced as "Next"
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Designed as 100% PoS (Proof-of-Stake) system
* Coin supply* '''1 billion''' coins exist from the start distributed by 74 founding stake holders
* Launch Date: September, 29, 2013

=== Globe (GLB) ===
* http://www.globecrypto.com/
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''10''' coin per block
* Block reward halved at 86.4k blocks, 5 coins per block thereafter, with 4% increase annually
* Launch Date: December 06, 2013

=== Valutacoin(VAC) ===
* http://valutacoin.com/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: April 2014

== Minor ==
=== Megacoin (MΣC) ===
* http://www.megacoin.co.nz/
* https://forum.megacoin.co.nz
* Block Target is 2.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every every 420,000 blocks
* 25 coins per block
* 42 Million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

The implentation of the Kimoto Gravity well retargets difficulty every block. This keeps mining fair and secure for all miners and users of the coin, and prevents the rampant multipool abuse that was (and still is) common with most all other altcoins out on the market today.

=== [[Anoncoin]] (ANC) ===
* https://anoncoin.net/
* https://forum.anoncoin.net
* Block Target is 3.4 minutes
* Block reward halved every 306k blocks
* 5 coins per block
* 4.2 million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

[[Anoncoin]]'s goal is to make the user more anonymous by providing built-in support for I2P and [[Zerocoin]].

=== Franko (FRK) ===
* http://www.frankos.org/
* http://forum.frankos.org
* Block Target is 0.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every 22m blocks
* 0.25 coins per block
* 11.2 million total coins
* Difficulty changes every 720 blocks

Franko is considered the crypto with the fairest adoption length. Accepted by over 50 merchants and 10 brick and mortar stores.

Base currency used by the Franko Collective, a democratic group of developers.

=== FeatherCoin (FTC) ===
* http://feathercoin.com/
* A fork of Litecoin
* 243 million total coins

=== CraftCoin (CRC) ===
* http://craftcoin.net/
* Based on Litecoin
* Portable in-game currency for Minecraft Servers
* 206,847 total coins

=== Tonal Bitcoin (TBC) ===
* [[Tonal Bitcoin]]
* (merged mined with BTC)
* (blockchain shared with BTC)
* (automatically converted to/from BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''7.8 tam''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Initial Reward '''1,2905.2''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 2rd, 2011

=== IxCoin (IXC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36701.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA1'''
* Reward '''96 '''coins per block

=== Devcoin (DEV) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=34586.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''constant generation''' coins will be available (???)
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Reward '''50,000''' coins per block
* '''EXTRA 90% block subsidy goes to foundation'''

=== Freicoin (FRC) ===
* http://freico.in/
* http://www.freicoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=89843.0
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3816.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''100 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* [http://www.freicoin.org/freicoin-generation-graph-t41-20.html#p532 Arithmetically decreasing] reward
* EXTRA:
-- 4.89% annual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_currency demurrage]
-- 80% block subsidy [http://www.freicoin.org/application-developer-best-practices-t87.html#p919 goes to foundation for the first 3 years] (about 500 coins for each of first 161280 blocks, total 80m)
-- [u]In need of Dev work on daemon, client etc but network still running[/u]

=== I0coin (I0C) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36425.0 ; https://github.com/kr105rlz/i0coin
* Perhaps should be moved to Dead section?

=== Terracoin (TRC) ===
* http://terracoin.org/
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''42 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''30 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''20''' coins per block

=== Liquidcoin (LQC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=60026.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* '''no cap''' as block subsidy has a minimum of 1 coin
* Constant difficulty of '''0.5'''
* Coin reward drops over time

=== BBQCoin (BQC) ===
* http://blog.bbqcoin.org http://www.bbqcoin.com
* blocks every '''1 minute'''
* coin supply* '''88 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''42''' coins per block

=== BitBar (BTB) ===
* http://bitbar.biz/home
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''1''' coin per block
* Coin reward drops over time

=== Netcoin (NET) ===
* Main - http://netcoin.org.uk/
* Forums - http://forum.netcoinfoundation.org/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''320.6 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1024 '''coins per block
* Reward Halves '''Every 3 months or 129,600 Blocks'''
* Market Cap: approx. $200,000 (Dec 4th, 2013)
* Launch Date: Sept 2nd, 2013

=== GoldCoin (GLD) ===
* http://gldcoin.com/
* https://www.gldtalk.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=317568.0
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''123 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* reward '''45''' coins per block

== Dead / dying ==
===Qubic===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=112676.0
Qubic Forum: http://qubic.boards.net
===TimeKoin===
Still alive* http://timekoin.org/* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php topic=88467.0
===SC Solidcoin===
scam?* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/SolidCoin ; http://solidcoin.info/
===GG Geist Geld===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=42417.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/GeistGeld
===TBX Tenebrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=45667.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/Tenebrix
===FBX Fairbrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=46528.0 ; https://github.com/coblee/Fairbrix
===CLC Coiledcoin===
killed in 51% attack ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=56675.0
===RUC Rucoin===
https://www.rucoin.org/ ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=48582.0
===MMM MMMcoin===
dead
===Weeds===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]
===Beertoken===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]

==See Also==
* [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 List of all cryptocoins] curated list on BitcoinTalk forum.

[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

Talk:Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-04-23T14:12:35Z

Lunokhod:

Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-04-23T14:12:13Z

Lunokhod: /* Currencies */ moving comments to talk page

This article aims to list relevant cryptocurrencies, even those too minor to have their own wiki entry. See also [[:Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

It is based [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 on this thread].

= Currencies =
== Major ==
=== Bitcoin (BTC) ===
* http://bitcoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 3rd, 2009

=== Namecoin (NMC) ===
* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Namecoin
* (merged mined with BTC)
* https://github.com/vinced/namecoin
* http://namecoin.info/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: April 18, 2011

=== Litecoin (LTC) ===
* http://litecoin.org/
* blocks every '''2.5 min'''
* coin supply* '''84 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''50''' coins per block
* Market Cap: 150,000 BTC
* Launch Date: October 2011

=== Dogecoin (Doge) ===
* http://www.Dogecoin.com/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''99 Billion''' coins will be available and 5 Billion added every year.
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''1,000,000 - 0 (Random)''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $56,000,000
* Launch Date: December 2013

=== [[Peercoin]] (PPC) ===
* http://ppcoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=101820.0
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''non-deterministic ''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''each block'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''varies on difficulty''' coins per block
* Mining: Incorporates [[Proof of Stake]] coin Generation, contains central checksums to kickstart the protocol
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: approx August 19th, 2012 (date of its [http://ppcoin.org/static/ppcoin-paper.pdf whitepaper])
** The public design phase of this coin was very brief.

=== Mastercoin (MSC) ===
* http://www.mastercoin.org
* Coin supply: 619478.59338440 MSC
* Launch Date: September 1, 2013
* Blockchain: Uses Bitcoin for transport, storage and security, inherits Bitcoin Protocol properties
* Extended Properties: Distributed Exchange, Savings & Guardian Addresses, Contracts for Difference, Smart Properties, User Currencies
* Protocol: Master Protocol
* Spec Github Repo: https://github.com/mastercoin-MSC/spec

== New ==
New in on the scene.
Please put here any coins whose concept are new. If a coin is discussed for 6 months and launched yesterday, it is not new.

=== Hashcoin (HSC) ===
* http://hashcoin.technology
* Block reward: '''1024 HSC'''
* Block time: '''10 seconds'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Retarget: Every 720 blocks or every '''2 Hours'''
* Coin supply: '''28.4 billion''' (28,401,840,000) total coins
* Block reward halved every 9,467,280 blocks (~ 3 years)
* Extended Properties: Decentralised Exchange, Real-time Payroll, Digitised Property Rights, Contract Rights & Intellectual Property Rights, Trading Locales, DNA Records, Patents, Shares.
* Launch Date: January 3, 2014
* Site Go-Live: April 26, 2014

=== Coino (CON) ===
* http://www.coino.org
* PoW algorithm: '''Scrypt'''
* Block reward: '''35 CON''' (First 140 Blocks only 1 Coin for instamine)
* Block time: '''25 seconds'''
* Retarget: '''1 Hour'''
* Coin supply: '''100 million''' total coins
* Launch Date: January 18, 2014

=== RonPaulCoin (RPC) ===
* http://www.ronpaulcoin.com
* Blocks every '''2 min'''
* Coin supply '''2.1 million''' total coins
* Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''
* Hashing algorithm '''scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1 '''coin per block
* Block reward halved every 262k blocks (~ 4 years)
* Launch Date: December 29, 2013

=== Betacoin (BET) ===
* http://betacoin.org/
* Blocks every '''4 min'''
* Coin supply* '''32 million''' coins will be mined in ~ first 6 years + '''0,39% annual'''
* Difficulty adjustment* '''6 blocks'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''128 '''coins per block
* Block reward halved every 126k blocks (~ 1 year)
* Launch Date: October, 2013

=== Nxt (NXT) ===
* http://nextcoin.org
* Pronounced as "Next"
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Designed as 100% PoS (Proof-of-Stake) system
* Coin supply* '''1 billion''' coins exist from the start distributed by 74 founding stake holders
* Launch Date: September, 29, 2013

=== Globe (GLB) ===
* http://www.globecrypto.com/
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''10''' coin per block
* Block reward halved at 86.4k blocks, 5 coins per block thereafter, with 4% increase annually
* Launch Date: December 06, 2013

=== Valutacoin(VAC) ===
* http://valutacoin.com/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: April 2014

== Minor ==
=== Megacoin (MΣC) ===
* http://www.megacoin.co.nz/
* https://forum.megacoin.co.nz
* Block Target is 2.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every every 420,000 blocks
* 25 coins per block
* 42 Million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

The implentation of the Kimoto Gravity well retargets difficulty every block. This keeps mining fair and secure for all miners and users of the coin, and prevents the rampant multipool abuse that was (and still is) common with most all other altcoins out on the market today.

=== [[Anoncoin]] (ANC) ===
* https://anoncoin.net/
* https://forum.anoncoin.net
* Block Target is 3.4 minutes
* Block reward halved every 306k blocks
* 5 coins per block
* 4.2 million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

[[Anoncoin]]'s goal is to make the user more Anonymous by providing built-in support for I2P and [[Zerocoin]].

=== Franko (FRK) ===
* http://www.frankos.org/
* http://forum.frankos.org
* Block Target is 0.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every 22m blocks
* 0.25 coins per block
* 11.2 million total coins
* Difficulty changes every 720 blocks

Franko is considered the crypto with the fairest adoption length. Accepted by over 50 merchants and 10 brick and mortar stores.

Base currency used by the Franko Collective, a democratic group of developers.

=== FeatherCoin (FTC) ===
* http://feathercoin.com/
* A fork of Litecoin
* 243 million total coins

=== CraftCoin (CRC) ===
* http://craftcoin.net/
* Based on Litecoin
* Portable in-game currency for Minecraft Servers
* 206,847 total coins

=== Tonal Bitcoin (TBC) ===
* [[Tonal Bitcoin]]
* (merged mined with BTC)
* (blockchain shared with BTC)
* (automatically converted to/from BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''7.8 tam''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Initial Reward '''1,2905.2''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 2rd, 2011

=== IxCoin (IXC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36701.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA1'''
* Reward '''96 '''coins per block

=== Devcoin (DEV) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=34586.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''constant generation''' coins will be available (???)
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Reward '''50,000''' coins per block
* '''EXTRA 90% block subsidy goes to foundation'''

=== Freicoin (FRC) ===
* http://freico.in/
* http://www.freicoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=89843.0
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3816.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''100 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* [http://www.freicoin.org/freicoin-generation-graph-t41-20.html#p532 Arithmetically decreasing] reward
* EXTRA:
-- 4.89% annual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_currency demurrage]
-- 80% block subsidy [http://www.freicoin.org/application-developer-best-practices-t87.html#p919 goes to foundation for the first 3 years] (about 500 coins for each of first 161280 blocks, total 80m)
-- [u]In need of Dev work on daemon, client etc but network still running[/u]

=== I0coin (I0C) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36425.0 ; https://github.com/kr105rlz/i0coin
* Perhaps should be moved to Dead section?

=== Terracoin (TRC) ===
* http://terracoin.org/
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''42 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''30 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''20''' coins per block

=== Liquidcoin (LQC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=60026.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* '''no cap''' as block subsidy has a minimum of 1 coin
* Constant difficulty of '''0.5'''
* Coin reward drops over time

=== BBQCoin (BQC) ===
* http://blog.bbqcoin.org http://www.bbqcoin.com
* blocks every '''1 minute'''
* coin supply* '''88 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''42''' coins per block

=== BitBar (BTB) ===
* http://bitbar.biz/home
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''1''' coin per block
* Coin reward drops over time

=== Netcoin (NET) ===
* Main - http://netcoin.org.uk/
* Forums - http://forum.netcoinfoundation.org/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''320.6 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1024 '''coins per block
* Reward Halves '''Every 3 months or 129,600 Blocks'''
* Market Cap: approx. $200,000 (Dec 4th, 2013)
* Launch Date: Sept 2nd, 2013

=== GoldCoin (GLD) ===
* http://gldcoin.com/
* https://www.gldtalk.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=317568.0
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''123 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* reward '''45''' coins per block

== Dead / dying ==
===Qubic===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=112676.0
Qubic Forum: http://qubic.boards.net
===TimeKoin===
Still alive* http://timekoin.org/* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php topic=88467.0
===SC Solidcoin===
scam?* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/SolidCoin ; http://solidcoin.info/
===GG Geist Geld===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=42417.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/GeistGeld
===TBX Tenebrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=45667.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/Tenebrix
===FBX Fairbrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=46528.0 ; https://github.com/coblee/Fairbrix
===CLC Coiledcoin===
killed in 51% attack ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=56675.0
===RUC Rucoin===
https://www.rucoin.org/ ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=48582.0
===MMM MMMcoin===
dead
===Weeds===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]
===Beertoken===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]

==See Also==

* [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 List of all cryptocoins] curated list on BitcoinTalk forum.

[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-04-23T14:04:25Z

Lunokhod: /* AnonCoin (ANC) */

This article aims to list relevant cryptocurrencies, even those too minor to have their own wiki entry. See also [[:Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

It is based [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 on this thread].

= Currencies =

The order / grouping of these coins are still TBD.

[[User:Ripper234|Ripper234]] proposes a grouping of Major, Minor and New by an arbitrary market cap limit. This can be done once the market caps of the alts are known.
* Using market cap will make Tonal Bitcoin a "Major" despite de facto minor usage. Therefore, I suggest finding a different method of categorizing. --[[User:Luke-jr|Luke-jr]] ([[User talk:Luke-jr|talk]]) 05:06, 4 March 2013 (GMT)

== Major ==
=== Bitcoin (BTC) ===
* http://bitcoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 3rd, 2009

=== Namecoin (NMC) ===
* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Namecoin
* (merged mined with BTC)
* https://github.com/vinced/namecoin
* http://namecoin.info/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: April 18, 2011

=== Litecoin (LTC) ===
* http://litecoin.org/
* blocks every '''2.5 min'''
* coin supply* '''84 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''50''' coins per block
* Market Cap: 150,000 BTC
* Launch Date: October 2011

=== Dogecoin (Doge) ===
* http://www.Dogecoin.com/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''99 Billion''' coins will be available and 5 Billion added every year.
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''1,000,000 - 0 (Random)''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $56,000,000
* Launch Date: December 2013

=== [[Peercoin]] (PPC) ===
* http://ppcoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=101820.0
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''non-deterministic ''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''each block'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''varies on difficulty''' coins per block
* Mining: Incorporates [[Proof of Stake]] coin Generation, contains central checksums to kickstart the protocol
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: approx August 19th, 2012 (date of its [http://ppcoin.org/static/ppcoin-paper.pdf whitepaper])
** The public design phase of this coin was very brief.

=== Mastercoin (MSC) ===
* http://www.mastercoin.org
* Coin supply: 619478.59338440 MSC
* Launch Date: September 1, 2013
* Blockchain: Uses Bitcoin for transport, storage and security, inherits Bitcoin Protocol properties
* Extended Properties: Distributed Exchange, Savings & Guardian Addresses, Contracts for Difference, Smart Properties, User Currencies
* Protocol: Master Protocol
* Spec Github Repo: https://github.com/mastercoin-MSC/spec

== New ==
New in on the scene.
Please put here any coins whose concept are new. If a coin is discussed for 6 months and launched yesterday, it is not new.

=== Hashcoin (HSC) ===
* http://hashcoin.technology
* Block reward: '''1024 HSC'''
* Block time: '''10 seconds'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Retarget: Every 720 blocks or every '''2 Hours'''
* Coin supply: '''28.4 billion''' (28,401,840,000) total coins
* Block reward halved every 9,467,280 blocks (~ 3 years)
* Extended Properties: Decentralised Exchange, Real-time Payroll, Digitised Property Rights, Contract Rights & Intellectual Property Rights, Trading Locales, DNA Records, Patents, Shares.
* Launch Date: January 3, 2014
* Site Go-Live: April 26, 2014

=== Coino (CON) ===
* http://www.coino.org
* PoW algorithm: '''Scrypt'''
* Block reward: '''35 CON''' (First 140 Blocks only 1 Coin for instamine)
* Block time: '''25 seconds'''
* Retarget: '''1 Hour'''
* Coin supply: '''100 million''' total coins
* Launch Date: January 18, 2014

=== RonPaulCoin (RPC) ===
* http://www.ronpaulcoin.com
* Blocks every '''2 min'''
* Coin supply '''2.1 million''' total coins
* Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''
* Hashing algorithm '''scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1 '''coin per block
* Block reward halved every 262k blocks (~ 4 years)
* Launch Date: December 29, 2013

=== Betacoin (BET) ===
* http://betacoin.org/
* Blocks every '''4 min'''
* Coin supply* '''32 million''' coins will be mined in ~ first 6 years + '''0,39% annual'''
* Difficulty adjustment* '''6 blocks'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''128 '''coins per block
* Block reward halved every 126k blocks (~ 1 year)
* Launch Date: October, 2013

=== Nxt (NXT) ===
* http://nextcoin.org
* Pronounced as "Next"
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Designed as 100% PoS (Proof-of-Stake) system
* Coin supply* '''1 billion''' coins exist from the start distributed by 74 founding stake holders
* Launch Date: September, 29, 2013

=== Globe (GLB) ===
* http://www.globecrypto.com/
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''10''' coin per block
* Block reward halved at 86.4k blocks, 5 coins per block thereafter, with 4% increase annually
* Launch Date: December 06, 2013

=== Valutacoin(VAC) ===
* http://valutacoin.com/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: April 2014

== Minor ==
=== Megacoin (MΣC) ===
* http://www.megacoin.co.nz/
* https://forum.megacoin.co.nz
* Block Target is 2.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every every 420,000 blocks
* 25 coins per block
* 42 Million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

The implentation of the Kimoto Gravity well retargets difficulty every block. This keeps mining fair and secure for all miners and users of the coin, and prevents the rampant multipool abuse that was (and still is) common with most all other altcoins out on the market today.

=== [[Anoncoin]] (ANC) ===
* https://anoncoin.net/
* https://forum.anoncoin.net
* Block Target is 3.4 minutes
* Block reward halved every 306k blocks
* 5 coins per block
* 4.2 million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

[[Anoncoin]]'s goal is to make the user more Anonymous by providing built-in support for I2P and [[Zerocoin]].

=== Franko (FRK) ===
* http://www.frankos.org/
* http://forum.frankos.org
* Block Target is 0.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every 22m blocks
* 0.25 coins per block
* 11.2 million total coins
* Difficulty changes every 720 blocks

Franko is considered the crypto with the fairest adoption length. Accepted by over 50 merchants and 10 brick and mortar stores.

Base currency used by the Franko Collective, a democratic group of developers.

=== FeatherCoin (FTC) ===
* http://feathercoin.com/
* A fork of Litecoin
* 243 million total coins

=== CraftCoin (CRC) ===
* http://craftcoin.net/
* Based on Litecoin
* Portable in-game currency for Minecraft Servers
* 206,847 total coins

=== Tonal Bitcoin (TBC) ===
* [[Tonal Bitcoin]]
* (merged mined with BTC)
* (blockchain shared with BTC)
* (automatically converted to/from BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''7.8 tam''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Initial Reward '''1,2905.2''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 2rd, 2011

=== IxCoin (IXC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36701.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA1'''
* Reward '''96 '''coins per block

=== Devcoin (DEV) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=34586.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''constant generation''' coins will be available (???)
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Reward '''50,000''' coins per block
* '''EXTRA 90% block subsidy goes to foundation'''

=== Freicoin (FRC) ===
* http://freico.in/
* http://www.freicoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=89843.0
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3816.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''100 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* [http://www.freicoin.org/freicoin-generation-graph-t41-20.html#p532 Arithmetically decreasing] reward
* EXTRA:
-- 4.89% annual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_currency demurrage]
-- 80% block subsidy [http://www.freicoin.org/application-developer-best-practices-t87.html#p919 goes to foundation for the first 3 years] (about 500 coins for each of first 161280 blocks, total 80m)
-- [u]In need of Dev work on daemon, client etc but network still running[/u]

=== I0coin (I0C) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36425.0 ; https://github.com/kr105rlz/i0coin
* Perhaps should be moved to Dead section?

=== Terracoin (TRC) ===
* http://terracoin.org/
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''42 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''30 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''20''' coins per block

=== Liquidcoin (LQC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=60026.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* '''no cap''' as block subsidy has a minimum of 1 coin
* Constant difficulty of '''0.5'''
* Coin reward drops over time

=== BBQCoin (BQC) ===
* http://blog.bbqcoin.org http://www.bbqcoin.com
* blocks every '''1 minute'''
* coin supply* '''88 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''42''' coins per block

=== BitBar (BTB) ===
* http://bitbar.biz/home
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''1''' coin per block
* Coin reward drops over time

=== Netcoin (NET) ===
* Main - http://netcoin.org.uk/
* Forums - http://forum.netcoinfoundation.org/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''320.6 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1024 '''coins per block
* Reward Halves '''Every 3 months or 129,600 Blocks'''
* Market Cap: approx. $200,000 (Dec 4th, 2013)
* Launch Date: Sept 2nd, 2013

=== GoldCoin (GLD) ===
* http://gldcoin.com/
* https://www.gldtalk.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=317568.0
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''123 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* reward '''45''' coins per block

== Dead / dying ==
===Qubic===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=112676.0
Qubic Forum: http://qubic.boards.net
===TimeKoin===
Still alive* http://timekoin.org/* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php topic=88467.0
===SC Solidcoin===
scam?* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/SolidCoin ; http://solidcoin.info/
===GG Geist Geld===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=42417.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/GeistGeld
===TBX Tenebrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=45667.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/Tenebrix
===FBX Fairbrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=46528.0 ; https://github.com/coblee/Fairbrix
===CLC Coiledcoin===
killed in 51% attack ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=56675.0
===RUC Rucoin===
https://www.rucoin.org/ ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=48582.0
===MMM MMMcoin===
dead
===Weeds===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]
===Beertoken===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]

==See Also==

* [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 List of all cryptocoins] curated list on BitcoinTalk forum.

[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

Zerocoin

2014-04-23T08:34:37Z

Lunokhod:

'''Zerocoin''' is a proposed extension to the Bitcoin protocol that would add true cryptographic anonymity to bitcoin transactions. Given that bitcoin transactions are stored in a public ledger (in the block chain]), the history of any transaction can be traced. Zerocoin provides for anonymity by the introduction of a separate ''zerocoin'' cryptocurrency that is stored in the Bitcoin block chain. Zerocoins are purchased with bitcoin in fixed demoninations by a zerocoin mint transaction. Later, these zerocoins can be redeemed for bitcoin to a different bitcoin address by a zerocoin spend transaction. Through the use of cryptographic accumulators and digital commitments with zero-knowledge proofs, it is not possible to link the bitcoin address that was used to mint the original zerocoin to the bitcoin address used to redeem the zerocoin. Though originally proposed for use with the Bitcoin network, Zerocoin could be integrated into any [[cryptocurrency]].

==Rationale for Zerocoin==
Bitcoin transactions are all stored, by design, in a public ledger (the block chain) that is accessible to everyone. These transactions provide privacy through pseudonymity, in that while each transaction is associated with the public address of the sender and receiver, the names of the owners of these addresses are at no time made known to the Bitcoin network. To increase privacy, each person could create as many public addresses as they like, making it difficult to link transactions to the same person. If additional privacy were required, it is possible to launder bitcoin through a trusted third party, where the input coins are mixed in a large pool and output to a new address.<ref name="Bradbury">{{ cite news | title=How anonymous is Bitcoin? | last=Bradbury | first=Danny | date=7 June 2013 | work=CoinDesk | publisher=CoinDesk Ltd. | url=http://www.coindesk.com/how-anonymous-is-bitcoin/ | accessdate=8 February 2014 }}</ref>

Regardless of the best precautions, by data mining of the block chain, it becomes possible in certain cases to link a set of public addresses to a specific (unnamed) individual. For example, this could be done by the analysis of spending habits, or by having the change of a transaction from one public address being sent to another. Furthermore, by utilizing information external to the block chain, such as public bitcoin addresses posted on a web site, or the postal address used with a bitcoin purchase, the possibility exists that every single bitcoin transaction of a given person could be determined.

== Zerocoin protocol==

The Zerocoin<ref name="Miers">I. Miers, C. Garman, M. Green, and A. D. Rubin (2013). [http://spar.isi.jhu.edu/~mgreen/ZerocoinOakland.pdf| Zerocoin: Anonymous Distributed E-Cash from Bitcoin], 2013 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, IEEE Computer Society
Conference Publishing Services, 397–411, doi:10.1109/SP.2013.34</ref> extension to bitcoin would have functioned like a money laundering pool, temporarily pooling bitcoins together in exchange for a temporary currency called Zerocoins. While the laundering pool is an established concept already utilized by several currency laundering services, Zerocoin would have implemented this at the protocol level, eliminatating any reliance on trusted third parties. It anonymizes the exchanges to and from the pool using cryptographic principles, and as a proposed extension to the Bitcoin protocol, it would have recorded the transactions within Bitcoin's existing block chain.

The anonymity afforded by Zerocoin is the result of cryptographic operations involved with separate zerocoin mint and spend transactions.<ref name="Miers"/> To mint a zerocoin, a person generates a random serial number ''S'', and encrypts (that is commits) this into a coin ''C'' by use of second random number ''r''. In practice, ''C'' is a Pedersen Commitment. The coin ''C'' is added to a cryptographic accumulator by miners, and at the same time, the amount of bitcoin equal in value to the denomination of the zerocoin is added to a zerocoin escrow pool.

To redeem the zerocoin into bitcoin (preferably to a new public address) the owner of the coin needs to prove two things by way of a zero-knowledge proof. (A zero-knowledge proof is a method by which one party can prove to another that a given statement is true, without conveying any additional information apart from the fact that the statement is indeed true.) The first is that they know a coin ''C'' that belongs to the set of all other minted zerocoins (''C1'', ''C2'',... ''Cn''), without revealing which coin it is. In practice, this is done quickly by use of a one-way accumulator that does not reveal the members of the set. The second is that the person knows a number ''r'', that along with the serial number ''S'' corresponds to a zerocoin. The proof and serial number ''S'' are posted as a zerocoin spend transaction, where miners verify the proof and that the serial number ''S'' has not been spent previously. After verification, the transaction is posted to the blockchain, and the amount of bitcoin equal to the zerocoin denomination is transferred from the zerocoin escrow pool. Anonymity in the transaction is assured because the minted coin ''C'' is not linked to the serial number ''S'' used to redeem the coin.

One criticism of Zerocoin is the added computation time required by the process, which would need to have been performed primarily by bitcoin miners. If the proofs were posted to the block chain, this would also dramatically increase the size of the block chain.<ref name=peck2013>{{cite news | url=http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/networks/whos-who-in-bitcoin-zerocoin-hero-matthew-green | title=Who’s who in Bitcoin: Zerocoin hero Matthew Green | work=IEEE Spectrum | last=Peck | first=Morgan E. | date=24 October 2013 | accessdate=31 January 2014 | publisher=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}}</ref> To counter criticisms that the anonymity offered by Zerocoin would facilitate illegal activity, it has been suggested that a “back door”, or other features, could be added to the Zerocoin protocol to allow police to track money laundering.<ref>{{cite news | title=Bitcoin add-on makes your virtual purchases private | date=13 March 2013 | last=Hodson | first=Hal | work=NewScientist | publisher=Reed Business Information Ltd. | url=http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/onepercent/2013/03/bitcoin-zerocoin.html | accessdate=8 February 2014 }}</ref>

==Extensions of Zerocoin==

Recognizing that Bitcoin was unlikely to be implement Zerocoin, the authors of Zerocoin expressed hope that other cryptocurrencies would incorporate Zerocoin anonymity features.<ref name="Bradbury" /> Currently, Zerocoin is being implemented in the alternative cryptocurrency [[Anoncoin]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://anoncoin.net |accessdate=2014-04-03|title=AnonCoin}}</ref> In addition, Zerocoin developer Matthew Green announced that Zerocoin would be released as an independent [[cryptocurrency]], going into circulation in May 2014 “in some sort of beta program”.<ref name=greenberg2014>{{cite news|last=Greenberg | first=Andy | date=13 January 2014 | url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2014/01/13/bitcoin-anonymity-upgrade-zerocoin-to-become-its-own-cryptocurrency/ |title=Bitcoin Anonymity Upgrade Zerocoin To Become An Independent Cryptocurrency |work=Forbes|publisher=Forbes Inc. |accessdate=2014-01-30}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

==See also==
* [http://zerocoin.org Official Zerocoin website]
* [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=152786.0 Zerocoin forum at bitcointalk.org]
* [http://research.microsoft.com/apps/video/default.aspx?id=192058 Zerocoin presentation (Microsoft research)]

[[Category:Anonymity]]

Zerocoin

2014-04-23T08:32:27Z

Lunokhod:

'''Zerocoin''' is a proposed extension to the Bitcoin protocol that would add true cryptographic anonymity to bitcoin transactions. Given that bitcoin transactions are stored in a public ledger (in the block chain]), the history of any transaction can be traced. Zerocoin provides for anonymity by the introduction of a separate ''zerocoin'' cryptocurrency that is stored in the Bitcoin block chain. Zerocoins are purchased with bitcoin in fixed demoninations by a zerocoin mint transaction. Later, these zerocoins can be redeemed for bitcoin to a different bitcoin address by a zerocoin spend transaction. Through the use of cryptographic accumulators and digital commitments with zero-knowledge proofs, it is not possible to link the bitcoin address that was used to mint the original zerocoin to the bitcoin address used to redeem the zerocoin. Though originally proposed for use with the Bitcoin network, Zerocoin could be integrated into any [[cryptocurrency]].

==Rationale for Zerocoin==
Bitcoin transactions are all stored, by design, in a public ledger (the block chain) that is accessible to everyone. These transactions provide privacy through pseudonymity, in that while each transaction is associated with the public address of the sender and receiver, the names of the owners of these addresses are at no time made known to the Bitcoin network. To increase privacy, each person could create as many public addresses as they like, making it difficult to link transactions to the same person. If additional privacy were required, it is possible to launder bitcoin through a trusted third party, where the input coins are mixed in a large pool and output to a new address.<ref name="Bradbury">{{ cite news | title=How anonymous is Bitcoin? | last=Bradbury | first=Danny | date=7 June 2013 | work=CoinDesk | publisher=CoinDesk Ltd. | url=http://www.coindesk.com/how-anonymous-is-bitcoin/ | accessdate=8 February 2014 }}</ref>

Regardless of the best precautions, by data mining of the block chain, it becomes possible in certain cases to link a set of public addresses to a specific (unnamed) individual. For example, this could be done by the analysis of spending habits, or by having the change of a transaction from one public address being sent to another. Furthermore, by utilizing information external to the block chain, such as public bitcoin addresses posted on a web site, or the postal address used with a bitcoin purchase, the possibility exists that every single bitcoin transaction of a given person could be determined.

== Zerocoin protocol==

The Zerocoin<ref name="Miers">I. Miers, C. Garman, M. Green, and A. D. Rubin (2013). [http://spar.isi.jhu.edu/~mgreen/ZerocoinOakland.pdf| Zerocoin: Anonymous Distributed E-Cash from Bitcoin], 2013 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, IEEE Computer Society
Conference Publishing Services, 397–411, doi:10.1109/SP.2013.34</ref> extension to bitcoin would have functioned like a money laundering pool, temporarily pooling bitcoins together in exchange for a temporary currency called Zerocoins. While the laundering pool is an established concept already utilized by several currency laundering services, Zerocoin would have implemented this at the protocol level, eliminatating any reliance on trusted third parties. It anonymizes the exchanges to and from the pool using cryptographic principles, and as a proposed extension to the Bitcoin protocol, it would have recorded the transactions within Bitcoin's existing block chain.

The anonymity afforded by Zerocoin is the result of cryptographic operations involved with separate zerocoin mint and spend transactions.<ref name="Miers"/> To mint a zerocoin, a person generates a random serial number ''S'', and encrypts (that is commits) this into a coin ''C'' by use of second random number ''r''. In practice, ''C'' is a Pedersen Commitment. The coin ''C'' is added to a cryptographic accumulator by miners, and at the same time, the amount of bitcoin equal in value to the denomination of the zerocoin is added to a zerocoin escrow pool.

To redeem the zerocoin into bitcoin (preferably to a new public address) the owner of the coin needs to prove two things by way of a zero-knowledge proof. (A zero-knowledge proof is a method by which one party can prove to another that a given statement is true, without conveying any additional information apart from the fact that the statement is indeed true.) The first is that they know a coin ''C'' that belongs to the set of all other minted zerocoins (''C1'', ''C2'',... ''Cn''), without revealing which coin it is. In practice, this is done quickly by use of a one-way accumulator that does not reveal the members of the set. The second is that the person knows a number ''r'', that along with the serial number ''S'' corresponds to a zerocoin. The proof and serial number ''S'' are posted as a zerocoin spend transaction, where miners verify the proof and that the serial number ''S'' has not been spent previously. After verification, the transaction is posted to the blockchain, and the amount of bitcoin equal to the zerocoin denomination is transferred from the zerocoin escrow pool. Anonymity in the transaction is assured because the minted coin ''C'' is not linked to the serial number ''S'' used to redeem the coin.

One criticism of Zerocoin is the added computation time required by the process, which would need to have been performed primarily by bitcoin miners. If the proofs were posted to the block chain, this would also dramatically increase the size of the block chain.<ref name=peck2013>{{cite news | url=http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/networks/whos-who-in-bitcoin-zerocoin-hero-matthew-green | title=Who’s who in Bitcoin: Zerocoin hero Matthew Green | work=IEEE Spectrum | last=Peck | first=Morgan E. | date=24 October 2013 | accessdate=31 January 2014 | publisher=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}}</ref> To counter criticisms that the anonymity offered by Zerocoin would facilitate illegal activity, it has been suggested that a “back door”, or other features, could be added to the Zerocoin protocol to allow police to track money laundering.<ref>{{cite news | title=Bitcoin add-on makes your virtual purchases private | date=13 March 2013 | last=Hodson | first=Hal | work=NewScientist | publisher=Reed Business Information Ltd. | url=http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/onepercent/2013/03/bitcoin-zerocoin.html | accessdate=8 February 2014 }}</ref>

==Extensions of Zerocoin==

Recognizing that Bitcoin was unlikely to be implement Zerocoin, the authors of Zerocoin expressed hope that other cryptocurrencies would incorporate Zerocoin anonymity features.<ref name="Bradbury" /> Currently, Zerocoin is being implemented in the alternative cryptocurrency [[Anoncoin]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://anoncoin.net |accessdate=2014-04-03|title=AnonCoin}}</ref> In addition, Zerocoin developer Matthew Green announced that Zerocoin would be released as an independent [[cryptocurrency]], going into circulation in May 2014 “in some sort of beta program”.<ref name=greenberg2014>{{cite news|last=Greenberg | first=Andy | date=13 January 2014 | url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2014/01/13/bitcoin-anonymity-upgrade-zerocoin-to-become-its-own-cryptocurrency/ |title=Bitcoin Anonymity Upgrade Zerocoin To Become An Independent Cryptocurrency |work=Forbes|publisher=Forbes Inc. |accessdate=2014-01-30}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

==See also==
* [http://zerocoin.org Official Zerocoin website]
* [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=152786.0 Zerocoin forum at bitcointalk.org]
* [http://research.microsoft.com/apps/video/default.aspx?id=192058 Zerocoin presentation (Microsoft research)]

[[Category:Anonymity]]
[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]
[[Category:Digital currencies]]

Privacy

2014-04-21T11:36:58Z

Lunokhod: /* References */

While the Bitcoin technology [http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=241.0 can support] strong anonymity, the current implementation is usually not very anonymous.

__TOC__

The main problem is that every transaction is publicly logged. Anyone can see the flow of Bitcoins from address to address (see first image). Alone, this information can't identify anyone because the addresses are just random numbers. However, if ''any'' of the addresses in a transaction's past or future can be tied to an actual identity, it might be possible to work from that point and guess who may owns all of the other addresses. This identity information might come from network analysis, surveillance, or just Googling the address. The officially-encouraged practice of using a new address for every transaction is designed to make this attack more difficult.
[[File:Unknownaddress.png|thumb|The flow of Bitcoins is highly public.]]

The second image shows a simple example. Someone runs both a money exchanger and a site meant to trap people. When Mr. Doe buys from the exchanger and uses those same coins to buy something from the trap site, the attacker can '''prove''' that these two transactions were made by the same person. The block chain would show:
[[File:knownaddress.png|thumb|Finding an "identity anchor" allows you to ruin the anonymity of the system.]]
* Import coins from address A. Send 100 to B. Authorized by (signature).
* Import coins from address B. Send 100 to C. Authorized by (signature).
Bitcoin transactions do not have a "from" address but if the attacker believes that address B is controlled by Mr. Doe because the attacker received $5 from Mr. Doe's Paypal account and then sent 100 BTC to that address then they can infer the identity of the party sending to C. This assumption is not always correct because address B may have been an address held on behalf of Mr. Doe by a third party and the transaction to C may have been unrelated.

Another example: someone is scammed and posts the address they were using on the Bitcoin forum. It is possible to see which address they sent coins to. When coins are sent which were previously send to this (the scammer's) address, the addresses that receive them can also be easily found and posted on the forum. In this way, all of these coins are marked as "dirty", potentially over an infinite number of future transactions. When some smart and honest person notices that his address is now listed, he can reveal who he received those coins from. The Bitcoin community can now ask some pointed questions, "Who did you receive these coins from? What did you create this address for?" Eventually the original scammer will be found. Clearly, this becomes more difficult the more addresses that exist between the "target" and the "identity point".

You might be thinking that this attack is not feasible. But consider this case:
* You live in China and want to buy a "real" newspaper for Bitcoins.
* You join the Bitcoin forum and use your address as a signature. Since you are very helpful, you manage to get 30 BTC after a few months.
* Unfortunately, you choose poorly in who you buy the newspaper from: you've chosen a government agent! Maybe you are under the mistaken impression that Bitcoin is perfectly anonymous.
* The government agent looks at the block chain and Googles (or Baidus) every address in it. He finds your address in your signature on the Bitcoin forum. You've left enough personal information in your posts to be identified, so you are now scheduled to be "reeducated".

You need to protect yourself from both forward attacks (getting something that identifies you using coins that you got with methods that must remain secret, like the scammer example) and reverse attacks (getting something that must remain secret using coins that identify you, like the newspaper example).

==Staying Anonymous==

By necessity the history of all the bitcoins must be highly public. However, if one has bitcoins on paid to address, one can theoretically choose the coins they spend in a way that will minimize the amount of information they leak. Choosing personally generated coins or an address that you know doesn't reveal information would protect you. Unfortunately, the default Bitcoin client doesn't support this currently, so you must assume that your entire balance can identify you if any of the addresses can.

You may consider a bitcoin to be "less-anonymous" when an attacker could feasibly find the true identity of a very recent owner of the bitcoin, perhaps because one of the bitcoin addresses was posted to a website, or because he knows some identifying information through other means.

If your balance has been contaminated by both anonymous and non-anonymous coins, you may take action to make it "clean".

Recommended way of anonymizing your balance:
* Send however many coins you want to anonymize to a new [[eWallet]] account as a lump sum. There are other [[eWallet]] services however the more widely used the greater the potential for anonymity. This is not an endorsement of trust in the use of [[eWallet]] services. There are no guarantees that any eWallet service won't one day take all your bitcoins and disappear. Use at your own risk.

With this method an attacker will have to gain access to the eWallet service's transaction logs to continue to follow you in the transaction history.

The protection that this method offers is significantly reduced if you are trying to anonymize more than about 10% of the total number of Bitcoins that the eWallet service holds. You'll end up getting your own coins back instead of other users' coins. Withdrawing Bitcoins more slowly and in smaller increments will help reduce this problem. Sending coins to an eWallet service in the largest single transfer possible will also help.

To further enhance your anonymity, you can:
* Send Bitcoins from one EWallet sevice to another and ''then'' to yourself. Each transfer needs to be painstakingly investigated and many transfers will present insurmountable difficulty.

Once you have an anonymous balance set up, be sure to keep your anonymous and non-anonymous balances completely separate.

A future version of the client will have more control which will allow the sender to specify which coins to use in a transaction<ref>[http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24784.msg307661#msg307661 Patching The Bitcoin Client To Make It More Anonymous]</ref>.

In the future, trusted relay servers operating on the [[friendly addresses with enhanced privacy]] protocol could provide bitcoin users strong anonymity with increased convenience, thereby eliminating the need to make a trade-off between privacy and ease of use.

===Helping other people stay anonymous===
* Set up a real [http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=241.0 external mixing service]. Make it like an eWallet service but make sure that a user never withdraws the same coins that are put in. Also delete empty addresses and transaction logs.
* Even if you're not a programmer, you can make a slightly less secure version of an external mixing service (as a Tor hidden service, preferably):
** Set up two Bitcoin installations.
** Put some amount of BTC in installation B. This is the maximum amount of BTC you can deal with at once (for all customers).
** Customers send BTC to installation A. You send them an equal number of coins (or minus a fee) from installation B. Send as 10-50 BTC increments.
** Send all coins from A to B when '''all''' orders are satisfied. You can't send coins from A to B if you have any orders that have not been satisfied from B.
** This can be automated, or you can do everything manually.
* Put lots of Bitcoins in an eWallet service and keep it there. If anyone uses the anonymization method described in "staying anonymous" above, this will enhance it. Send in smaller increments if a large amount is transferred.

==Legality==
Obviously, using Bitcoin anonymity techniques for the purposes of [[Wikipedia:money laundering|money laundering]] is illegal, but participating or running schemes which others use for money laundering may also be illegal or at least leave the participant vulnerable to accusations of aiding criminals and terrorists. Bitcoin anonymity techniques involving bitcoins worth large amounts of money (over some value between FJ$1,100 and US$58,000, depending on your jurisdiction) is illegal in most jurisdictions, being in violation of [[Wikipedia:Structuring|anti-structuring laws]].

==See Also==

* [[:Category:Mixing Services|Mixing Services]] category
* [http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=2893.0 RFC: Bitcoin Mixnet]
* [http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=241.0 anonymity]
* [http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24784.0 Patching The Bitcoin Client To Make It More Anonymous]
* [http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.4524 An Analysis of Anonymity in the Bitcoin System] research by Fergal Reid, Martin Harrigan ([http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=31539.0 discussion])

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Technical]]
[[Category:Anonymity]]

CryptoNote

2014-04-21T11:33:07Z

Lunokhod: /* Origins */

CryptoNote is an open-source technology that allows creation of completely anonymous CPU-based cryptocurrencies. It proposes concepts and features, which haven't become mainstream in the altcoins yet. The only known digital currency to be based on CryptoNote is [[Bytecoin|Bytecoin [BCN]]].

== Features ==

=== Untraceable payments ===

Unlike traditional cryptocurrencies that mostly use unambiguous signatures to verify the transfer, CryptoNote utilizes ring signature. In this case the transaction is signed by a group of users. Thus, the verifier may only identify that one of them was a signer, but not who exactly that was. The public key of a user may appear in a large number of ring signatures even if it was already used to sign her own transaction.

=== Unlinkable transactions ===

CryptoNote automatically creates multiple unique one-time addresses for each of the payments, which are created from the single public key. Even though the payment is sent to a public address, in the block chain it appears as if sent to a one-time address.

The sender uses randam data and the public address of the receiver to calculate this one-time key of the payment. The redemption of the funds requires the receiver's private key, so only the latter may receive the money sent to the one-time address. Moreover, no third party can discover the link between the one-time key and the receiver's public address.

=== Double-spending proof ===

In spite of being anonymous, CryptoNote's ring signatures restrict the double-spending attempt by linking the transactions with the same private key. The protocol uses the key image, derived from a private key through a one-way function. All the users keep the list of all the used key images, which are checked against a new transaction. In case there is a duplicate key image, the transaction is rejected as a double-spending attempt. However, the identity of the sender would still be unknown, since it is impossible to get the private key from its image.

=== Block chain analysis resistance ===

CryptoNote creates an obstacle for an analyst by using ring signatures and one-time addresses covered above. Every address of the payment is a unique one-time key, which is created from both the sender's and the receiver's data, and the usage of ring signature hides the exact outputs that have been spent for the input. Therefore, each next transaction increases the number of possible senders and hides the actual connection even more.

=== Adaptive limits ===

There are no hard constants and magic numbers in CryptoNote. Each limit (e.g., max block size, or min fee amount) is re-calculated based on the historical data of the system. Moreover, the difficulty and the max block size are automatically adjusted with each new block.

=== Smooth emission ===

The coins are emitted smoothly, as the reward changes with each new block. This allows a predictable steady growth of money supply determined by the formula<ref>hhttps://cryptonote.org/inside.php#smooth-emission</ref>:

BaseReward = (MSupply - A) >> 18
MSupply = 2^64 - 1 (atomic units)

=== Egalitarian proof of work ===

CryptoNote uses [[CryptoNight]] hashing algorithm as its proof-of-work. Its main feature is that it is suitable only for the ordinary PCs, since CryptoNight utilizes built-in CPU instructions, which are too expensive to implement in the special purpose devices. Therefore, unlike Bitcoin, it allows preserving the equality among various users and prohibits centralization of the network in the hands of several miners.

== Origins ==

Little is known about CryptoNote's origins. The official website uses supposedly fake names for the team members, while the white paper's author is Nicolas van Saberhagen, which is also likely to be a pseudonym. The white paper "CryptoNote v 2.0" is dated back to October 2013<ref>https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf</ref>.

The developers have mentioned at CryptoNote's official forum that the team actually consists of cryptographers, developers, and economists, but their identities have to be concealed currently<ref>https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=21#p61</ref>. It was also mentioned that CryptoNote's team and Bytecoin's team have been developing the technology and the currency in a cooperation, but separated soon after the launch<ref>https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=21#p73</ref>.

CryptoNote has have been under development for some time before Bytecoin's launch on the clearnet in March 2014, but there is no evidence of the exact years of R&D. CryptoNote's website mentions "2011—2014" in the footer.

== Implementation ==

The first alternate currency to be based on CryptoNote is [[Bytecoin]]. CryptoNote forum has a separate branch for those who would like to implement the protocol in another altcoin<ref>https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=7</ref>. However, the reference code is still Bytecoin<ref>https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=6#p8</ref>.

== See also ==

* [[Bytecoin]]
* [[CryptoNight]]

== External links ===

* [https://cryptonote.org CryptoNote website]
* [https://forum.cryptonote.org Official forum]
* [https://github.com/amjuarez/bytecoin Reference code]
* [https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf White paper]

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]
[[Category:Digital currencies]]
[[Category:Anonymity]]

Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-04-21T11:19:20Z

Lunokhod: /* Peercoin (PPC) */

This article aims to list relevant cryptocurrencies, even those too minor to have their own wiki entry. See also [[:Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

It is based [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 on this thread].

= Currencies =

The order / grouping of these coins are still TBD.

[[User:Ripper234|Ripper234]] proposes a grouping of Major, Minor and New by an arbitrary market cap limit. This can be done once the market caps of the alts are known.
* Using market cap will make Tonal Bitcoin a "Major" despite de facto minor usage. Therefore, I suggest finding a different method of categorizing. --[[User:Luke-jr|Luke-jr]] ([[User talk:Luke-jr|talk]]) 05:06, 4 March 2013 (GMT)

== Major ==
=== Bitcoin (BTC) ===
* http://bitcoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 3rd, 2009

=== Namecoin (NMC) ===
* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Namecoin
* (merged mined with BTC)
* https://github.com/vinced/namecoin
* http://namecoin.info/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: April 18, 2011

=== Litecoin (LTC) ===
* http://litecoin.org/
* blocks every '''2.5 min'''
* coin supply* '''84 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''50''' coins per block
* Market Cap: 150,000 BTC
* Launch Date: October 2011

=== Dogecoin (Doge) ===
* http://www.Dogecoin.com/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''99 Billion''' coins will be available and 5 Billion added every year.
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''1,000,000 - 0 (Random)''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $56,000,000
* Launch Date: December 2013

=== [[Peercoin]] (PPC) ===
* http://ppcoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=101820.0
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''non-deterministic ''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''each block'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''varies on difficulty''' coins per block
* Mining: Incorporates [[Proof of Stake]] coin Generation, contains central checksums to kickstart the protocol
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: approx August 19th, 2012 (date of its [http://ppcoin.org/static/ppcoin-paper.pdf whitepaper])
** The public design phase of this coin was very brief.

=== Mastercoin (MSC) ===
* http://www.mastercoin.org
* Coin supply: 619478.59338440 MSC
* Launch Date: September 1, 2013
* Blockchain: Uses Bitcoin for transport, storage and security, inherits Bitcoin Protocol properties
* Extended Properties: Distributed Exchange, Savings & Guardian Addresses, Contracts for Difference, Smart Properties, User Currencies
* Protocol: Master Protocol
* Spec Github Repo: https://github.com/mastercoin-MSC/spec

== New ==
New in on the scene.
Please put here any coins whose concept are new. If a coin is discussed for 6 months and launched yesterday, it is not new.

=== Hashcoin (HSC) ===
* http://hashcoin.technology
* Block reward: '''1024 HSC'''
* Block time: '''10 seconds'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Retarget: Every 720 blocks or every '''2 Hours'''
* Coin supply: '''28.4 billion''' (28,401,840,000) total coins
* Block reward halved every 9,467,280 blocks (~ 3 years)
* Extended Properties: Decentralised Exchange, Real-time Payroll, Digitised Property Rights, Contract Rights & Intellectual Property Rights, Trading Locales, DNA Records, Patents, Shares.
* Launch Date: January 3, 2014
* Site Go-Live: April 26, 2014

=== Coino (CON) ===
* http://www.coino.org
* PoW algorithm: '''Scrypt'''
* Block reward: '''35 CON''' (First 140 Blocks only 1 Coin for instamine)
* Block time: '''25 seconds'''
* Retarget: '''1 Hour'''
* Coin supply: '''100 million''' total coins
* Launch Date: January 18, 2014

=== RonPaulCoin (RPC) ===
* http://www.ronpaulcoin.com
* Blocks every '''2 min'''
* Coin supply '''2.1 million''' total coins
* Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''
* Hashing algorithm '''scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1 '''coin per block
* Block reward halved every 262k blocks (~ 4 years)
* Launch Date: December 29, 2013

=== Betacoin (BET) ===
* http://betacoin.org/
* Blocks every '''4 min'''
* Coin supply* '''32 million''' coins will be mined in ~ first 6 years + '''0,39% annual'''
* Difficulty adjustment* '''6 blocks'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''128 '''coins per block
* Block reward halved every 126k blocks (~ 1 year)
* Launch Date: October, 2013

=== Nxt (NXT) ===
* http://nextcoin.org
* Pronounced as "Next"
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Designed as 100% PoS (Proof-of-Stake) system
* Coin supply* '''1 billion''' coins exist from the start distributed by 74 founding stake holders
* Launch Date: September, 29, 2013

=== Globe (GLB) ===
* http://www.globecrypto.com/
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''10''' coin per block
* Block reward halved at 86.4k blocks, 5 coins per block thereafter, with 4% increase annually
* Launch Date: December 06, 2013

=== Valutacoin(VAC) ===
* http://valutacoin.com/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: April 2014

== Minor ==
=== Megacoin (MΣC) ===
* http://www.megacoin.co.nz/
* https://forum.megacoin.co.nz
* Block Target is 2.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every every 420,000 blocks
* 25 coins per block
* 42 Million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

The implentation of the Kimoto Gravity well retargets difficulty every block. This keeps mining fair and secure for all miners and users of the coin, and prevents the rampant multipool abuse that was (and still is) common with most all other altcoins out on the market today.

=== AnonCoin (ANC) ===
* https://anoncoin.net/
* https://forum.anoncoin.net
* Block Target is 3.4 minutes
* Block reward halved every 306k blocks
* 5 coins per block
* 4.2 million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

[[Anoncoin]]'s goal is to make the user more Anonymous by providing built-in support for I2P and [[Zerocoin]].

=== Franko (FRK) ===
* http://www.frankos.org/
* http://forum.frankos.org
* Block Target is 0.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every 22m blocks
* 0.25 coins per block
* 11.2 million total coins
* Difficulty changes every 720 blocks

Franko is considered the crypto with the fairest adoption length. Accepted by over 50 merchants and 10 brick and mortar stores.

Base currency used by the Franko Collective, a democratic group of developers.

=== FeatherCoin (FTC) ===
* http://feathercoin.com/
* A fork of Litecoin
* 243 million total coins

=== CraftCoin (CRC) ===
* http://craftcoin.net/
* Based on Litecoin
* Portable in-game currency for Minecraft Servers
* 206,847 total coins

=== Tonal Bitcoin (TBC) ===
* [[Tonal Bitcoin]]
* (merged mined with BTC)
* (blockchain shared with BTC)
* (automatically converted to/from BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''7.8 tam''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Initial Reward '''1,2905.2''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 2rd, 2011

=== IxCoin (IXC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36701.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA1'''
* Reward '''96 '''coins per block

=== Devcoin (DEV) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=34586.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''constant generation''' coins will be available (???)
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Reward '''50,000''' coins per block
* '''EXTRA 90% block subsidy goes to foundation'''

=== Freicoin (FRC) ===
* http://freico.in/
* http://www.freicoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=89843.0
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3816.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''100 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* [http://www.freicoin.org/freicoin-generation-graph-t41-20.html#p532 Arithmetically decreasing] reward
* EXTRA:
-- 4.89% annual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_currency demurrage]
-- 80% block subsidy [http://www.freicoin.org/application-developer-best-practices-t87.html#p919 goes to foundation for the first 3 years] (about 500 coins for each of first 161280 blocks, total 80m)
-- [u]In need of Dev work on daemon, client etc but network still running[/u]

=== I0coin (I0C) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36425.0 ; https://github.com/kr105rlz/i0coin
* Perhaps should be moved to Dead section?

=== Terracoin (TRC) ===
* http://terracoin.org/
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''42 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''30 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''20''' coins per block

=== Liquidcoin (LQC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=60026.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* '''no cap''' as block subsidy has a minimum of 1 coin
* Constant difficulty of '''0.5'''
* Coin reward drops over time

=== BBQCoin (BQC) ===
* http://blog.bbqcoin.org http://www.bbqcoin.com
* blocks every '''1 minute'''
* coin supply* '''88 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''42''' coins per block

=== BitBar (BTB) ===
* http://bitbar.biz/home
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''1''' coin per block
* Coin reward drops over time

=== Netcoin (NET) ===
* Main - http://netcoin.org.uk/
* Forums - http://forum.netcoinfoundation.org/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''320.6 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1024 '''coins per block
* Reward Halves '''Every 3 months or 129,600 Blocks'''
* Market Cap: approx. $200,000 (Dec 4th, 2013)
* Launch Date: Sept 2nd, 2013

=== GoldCoin (GLD) ===
* http://gldcoin.com/
* https://www.gldtalk.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=317568.0
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''123 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* reward '''45''' coins per block

== Dead / dying ==
===Qubic===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=112676.0
Qubic Forum: http://qubic.boards.net
===TimeKoin===
Still alive* http://timekoin.org/* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php topic=88467.0
===SC Solidcoin===
scam?* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/SolidCoin ; http://solidcoin.info/
===GG Geist Geld===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=42417.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/GeistGeld
===TBX Tenebrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=45667.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/Tenebrix
===FBX Fairbrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=46528.0 ; https://github.com/coblee/Fairbrix
===CLC Coiledcoin===
killed in 51% attack ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=56675.0
===RUC Rucoin===
https://www.rucoin.org/ ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=48582.0
===MMM MMMcoin===
dead
===Weeds===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]
===Beertoken===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]

==See Also==

* [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 List of all cryptocoins] curated list on BitcoinTalk forum.

[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-04-21T11:18:18Z

Lunokhod: /* PPCoin (PPC) */

This article aims to list relevant cryptocurrencies, even those too minor to have their own wiki entry. See also [[:Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

It is based [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 on this thread].

= Currencies =

The order / grouping of these coins are still TBD.

[[User:Ripper234|Ripper234]] proposes a grouping of Major, Minor and New by an arbitrary market cap limit. This can be done once the market caps of the alts are known.
* Using market cap will make Tonal Bitcoin a "Major" despite de facto minor usage. Therefore, I suggest finding a different method of categorizing. --[[User:Luke-jr|Luke-jr]] ([[User talk:Luke-jr|talk]]) 05:06, 4 March 2013 (GMT)

== Major ==
=== Bitcoin (BTC) ===
* http://bitcoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 3rd, 2009

=== Namecoin (NMC) ===
* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Namecoin
* (merged mined with BTC)
* https://github.com/vinced/namecoin
* http://namecoin.info/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: April 18, 2011

=== Litecoin (LTC) ===
* http://litecoin.org/
* blocks every '''2.5 min'''
* coin supply* '''84 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''50''' coins per block
* Market Cap: 150,000 BTC
* Launch Date: October 2011

=== Dogecoin (Doge) ===
* http://www.Dogecoin.com/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''99 Billion''' coins will be available and 5 Billion added every year.
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''1,000,000 - 0 (Random)''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $56,000,000
* Launch Date: December 2013

=== [[Peercoin]] (PPC) ===
* http://ppcoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=101820.0
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''non-deterministic ''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''each block'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''varies on difficulty''' coins per block
* Mining: Incorporates [[Proof Of stake]] coin Generation, contains central checksums to kickstart the protocol
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: approx August 19th, 2012 (date of its [http://ppcoin.org/static/ppcoin-paper.pdf whitepaper])
** The public design phase of this coin was very brief.

=== Mastercoin (MSC) ===
* http://www.mastercoin.org
* Coin supply: 619478.59338440 MSC
* Launch Date: September 1, 2013
* Blockchain: Uses Bitcoin for transport, storage and security, inherits Bitcoin Protocol properties
* Extended Properties: Distributed Exchange, Savings & Guardian Addresses, Contracts for Difference, Smart Properties, User Currencies
* Protocol: Master Protocol
* Spec Github Repo: https://github.com/mastercoin-MSC/spec

== New ==
New in on the scene.
Please put here any coins whose concept are new. If a coin is discussed for 6 months and launched yesterday, it is not new.

=== Hashcoin (HSC) ===
* http://hashcoin.technology
* Block reward: '''1024 HSC'''
* Block time: '''10 seconds'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Retarget: Every 720 blocks or every '''2 Hours'''
* Coin supply: '''28.4 billion''' (28,401,840,000) total coins
* Block reward halved every 9,467,280 blocks (~ 3 years)
* Extended Properties: Decentralised Exchange, Real-time Payroll, Digitised Property Rights, Contract Rights & Intellectual Property Rights, Trading Locales, DNA Records, Patents, Shares.
* Launch Date: January 3, 2014
* Site Go-Live: April 26, 2014

=== Coino (CON) ===
* http://www.coino.org
* PoW algorithm: '''Scrypt'''
* Block reward: '''35 CON''' (First 140 Blocks only 1 Coin for instamine)
* Block time: '''25 seconds'''
* Retarget: '''1 Hour'''
* Coin supply: '''100 million''' total coins
* Launch Date: January 18, 2014

=== RonPaulCoin (RPC) ===
* http://www.ronpaulcoin.com
* Blocks every '''2 min'''
* Coin supply '''2.1 million''' total coins
* Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''
* Hashing algorithm '''scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1 '''coin per block
* Block reward halved every 262k blocks (~ 4 years)
* Launch Date: December 29, 2013

=== Betacoin (BET) ===
* http://betacoin.org/
* Blocks every '''4 min'''
* Coin supply* '''32 million''' coins will be mined in ~ first 6 years + '''0,39% annual'''
* Difficulty adjustment* '''6 blocks'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''128 '''coins per block
* Block reward halved every 126k blocks (~ 1 year)
* Launch Date: October, 2013

=== Nxt (NXT) ===
* http://nextcoin.org
* Pronounced as "Next"
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Designed as 100% PoS (Proof-of-Stake) system
* Coin supply* '''1 billion''' coins exist from the start distributed by 74 founding stake holders
* Launch Date: September, 29, 2013

=== Globe (GLB) ===
* http://www.globecrypto.com/
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''10''' coin per block
* Block reward halved at 86.4k blocks, 5 coins per block thereafter, with 4% increase annually
* Launch Date: December 06, 2013

=== Valutacoin(VAC) ===
* http://valutacoin.com/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: April 2014

== Minor ==
=== Megacoin (MΣC) ===
* http://www.megacoin.co.nz/
* https://forum.megacoin.co.nz
* Block Target is 2.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every every 420,000 blocks
* 25 coins per block
* 42 Million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

The implentation of the Kimoto Gravity well retargets difficulty every block. This keeps mining fair and secure for all miners and users of the coin, and prevents the rampant multipool abuse that was (and still is) common with most all other altcoins out on the market today.

=== AnonCoin (ANC) ===
* https://anoncoin.net/
* https://forum.anoncoin.net
* Block Target is 3.4 minutes
* Block reward halved every 306k blocks
* 5 coins per block
* 4.2 million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

[[Anoncoin]]'s goal is to make the user more Anonymous by providing built-in support for I2P and [[Zerocoin]].

=== Franko (FRK) ===
* http://www.frankos.org/
* http://forum.frankos.org
* Block Target is 0.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every 22m blocks
* 0.25 coins per block
* 11.2 million total coins
* Difficulty changes every 720 blocks

Franko is considered the crypto with the fairest adoption length. Accepted by over 50 merchants and 10 brick and mortar stores.

Base currency used by the Franko Collective, a democratic group of developers.

=== FeatherCoin (FTC) ===
* http://feathercoin.com/
* A fork of Litecoin
* 243 million total coins

=== CraftCoin (CRC) ===
* http://craftcoin.net/
* Based on Litecoin
* Portable in-game currency for Minecraft Servers
* 206,847 total coins

=== Tonal Bitcoin (TBC) ===
* [[Tonal Bitcoin]]
* (merged mined with BTC)
* (blockchain shared with BTC)
* (automatically converted to/from BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''7.8 tam''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Initial Reward '''1,2905.2''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 2rd, 2011

=== IxCoin (IXC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36701.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA1'''
* Reward '''96 '''coins per block

=== Devcoin (DEV) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=34586.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''constant generation''' coins will be available (???)
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Reward '''50,000''' coins per block
* '''EXTRA 90% block subsidy goes to foundation'''

=== Freicoin (FRC) ===
* http://freico.in/
* http://www.freicoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=89843.0
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3816.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''100 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* [http://www.freicoin.org/freicoin-generation-graph-t41-20.html#p532 Arithmetically decreasing] reward
* EXTRA:
-- 4.89% annual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_currency demurrage]
-- 80% block subsidy [http://www.freicoin.org/application-developer-best-practices-t87.html#p919 goes to foundation for the first 3 years] (about 500 coins for each of first 161280 blocks, total 80m)
-- [u]In need of Dev work on daemon, client etc but network still running[/u]

=== I0coin (I0C) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36425.0 ; https://github.com/kr105rlz/i0coin
* Perhaps should be moved to Dead section?

=== Terracoin (TRC) ===
* http://terracoin.org/
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''42 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''30 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''20''' coins per block

=== Liquidcoin (LQC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=60026.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* '''no cap''' as block subsidy has a minimum of 1 coin
* Constant difficulty of '''0.5'''
* Coin reward drops over time

=== BBQCoin (BQC) ===
* http://blog.bbqcoin.org http://www.bbqcoin.com
* blocks every '''1 minute'''
* coin supply* '''88 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''42''' coins per block

=== BitBar (BTB) ===
* http://bitbar.biz/home
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''1''' coin per block
* Coin reward drops over time

=== Netcoin (NET) ===
* Main - http://netcoin.org.uk/
* Forums - http://forum.netcoinfoundation.org/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''320.6 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1024 '''coins per block
* Reward Halves '''Every 3 months or 129,600 Blocks'''
* Market Cap: approx. $200,000 (Dec 4th, 2013)
* Launch Date: Sept 2nd, 2013

=== GoldCoin (GLD) ===
* http://gldcoin.com/
* https://www.gldtalk.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=317568.0
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''123 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* reward '''45''' coins per block

== Dead / dying ==
===Qubic===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=112676.0
Qubic Forum: http://qubic.boards.net
===TimeKoin===
Still alive* http://timekoin.org/* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php topic=88467.0
===SC Solidcoin===
scam?* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/SolidCoin ; http://solidcoin.info/
===GG Geist Geld===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=42417.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/GeistGeld
===TBX Tenebrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=45667.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/Tenebrix
===FBX Fairbrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=46528.0 ; https://github.com/coblee/Fairbrix
===CLC Coiledcoin===
killed in 51% attack ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=56675.0
===RUC Rucoin===
https://www.rucoin.org/ ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=48582.0
===MMM MMMcoin===
dead
===Weeds===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]
===Beertoken===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]

==See Also==

* [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 List of all cryptocoins] curated list on BitcoinTalk forum.

[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

Proof of Stake

2014-04-21T11:15:36Z

Lunokhod: /* PPCoin */

Proof of Stake is a proposed alternative to [[Proof of Work]]. Like proof of work, proof of stake provides a mechanism for determining who signs bitcoin transactions (see [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=68213.0 "main" bitcointalk thread], and a [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=96854.0 Bounty Thread]).

It was probably first proposed [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=27787.0 here] by Quantum Mechanic. With Proof of Work, the probability of mining a block depends on the work done by the miner (e.g. CPU/GPU cycles spent checking hashes). With Proof of Stake, the resource that's compared is the amount of Bitcoin a miner holds - someone holding 1% of the Bitcoin can mine 1% of the "Proof of Stake blocks".

Some argue that methods based on Proof of Work alone might lead to a low network security in a cryptocurrency with block incentives that decline over time (like bitcoin) due to [[Tragedy of the Commons]], and Proof of Stake is one way of changing the miner's incentives in favor of higher network security.

= Motivation For Proof of Stake =

* A proof-of-stake system might provide increased protection from a malicious attack on the network. Additional protection comes from two sources:
1) Executing an attack would be much more expensive.
2) Reduced incentives for attack. The attacker would need to own a near majority of all bitcoin. Therefore, the attacker suffer severely from his own attack.

* When block rewards are produced through txn fees, a proof of stake system would result in lower equilibrium txn fees. Lower long-run fees would increase the competitiveness of bitcoin relative to alternative payments systems. Intuitively reduced fees are due to vast reductions in the scale of wastage of resources.
== The Monopoly Problem ==

If a single entity (hereafter a monopolist) took control of the majority of txn verification resources, he could use these resources to impose conditions on the rest of the network. Potentially, the monopolist could choose to do this in malicious ways, such as double spending or denying service. If the monopolist chose a malicious strategy and maintained his control for a long period, confidence in bitcoin would be undermined and bitcoin purchasing power would collapse. Alternatively, the monopolist could choose to act benevolently. A benevolent monopolist would exclude all other txn verifiers from fee collection and currency generation, but would not try to exploit currency holders in any way. In order to maintain a good reputation, he would refrain from double spends and maintain service provision. In this case, confidence in Bitcoin could be maintained under monopoly since all of its basic functionality would not be affected.

Both benevolent and malevolent monopoly are potentially profitable, so there are reasons to suspect that an entrepreneurial miner might attempt to become a monopolist at some point. Due to the [[Tragedy of the Commons]] effect, attempts at monopoly become increasingly likely over time.

== How Proof of Stake Addresses Monopoly Problems ==

Monopoly is still possible under proof-of-stake. However, proof-of-stake would be more secure against malicious attacks for two reasons.

Firstly, proof-of-stake makes establishing a verification monopoly more difficult. At the time of writing, an entrepreneur could achieve monopoly over proof-of-work by investing at most 10 million USD in computing hardware. The actual investment necessary might be less than this because other miners will exit as difficulty increases, but it is difficult to predict exactly how much exit will occur. If price remained constant in the face of extremely large purchases (unlikely), such an entrepreneur would need to invest at least 20 million USD to obtain monopoly under proof-of-stake. Since such a large purchase would dramatically increase bitcoin price, the entrepreneur would likely need to invest several times this amount. Thus, even now proof-of-stake monopoly would be several-fold more costly to achieve than proof-of-work monopoly. Over time the comparison of monopoly costs will become more and more dramatic. The ratio of bitcoin's mining rewards to market value is programmed to decline exponentially. As this happens, proof-of-work monopoly will become easier and easier to obtain, whereas obtaining proof-of-stake monopoly will become progressively more difficult as more of the total money supply is released into circulation.

Secondly, and perhaps more importantly, a proof-of-stake monopolist is more likely to behave benevolently exactly because of his stake in Bitcoin. In a benevolent monopoly, the currency txn continue as usual, but the monopolist earns all txn fees and coin generations. Other txn verifiers are shut out of the system, however. Since mining is not source of demand for bitcoin, bitcoin might retain most of its value in the event of a benevolent attack. Earnings from a benevolent attack are similar regardless of whether the attack occurs under proof-of-stake or proof-of-work. In a malicious attack, the attacker has some outside opportunity which allows profit from bitcoin's destruction (simple double-spends are not a plausible motivation; ownership of a competing payment platform is). At the same time, the attacker faces costs related to losses on bitcoin-specific investments which are necessary for the attack. It can be assumed that a malicious attack causes the purchasing power of bitcoin to fall to zero. Under such an attack, the proof-of-stake monopolist will lose his entire investment. By contrast, a malicious proof-of-work monopolist will be able to recover much of their hardware investment through resale. Recall also, that the necessary proof-of-work investment is much smaller than the proof-of-stake investment. Thus, the costs of a malicious attack are several-fold lower under proof-of-work. The low costs associated with malicious attack make a malicious attack more likely to occur.

== Why Proof of Stake Would Likely Decrease Long-run Txn Fees Considerably ==
In a competitive market equilibrium, the total volume of txn fees must be equal to opportunity cost of all resources used to verify txns. Under proof-of-work mining, opportunity cost can be calculated as the total sum spent on mining electricity, mining equipment depreciation, mining labor, and a market rate of return on mining capital. Electricity costs, returns on mining equipment, and equipment depreciation costs are likely to dominate here. If these costs are not substantial, then it will be exceptionally easy to monopolize the mining network. The fees necessary to prevent monopolization will be onerous, possibly in excess of the 3% fee currently charged for credit card purchases. Under pure proof-of-stake, opportunity cost can be calculated as the total sum spent on mining labor and the market interest rate for risk-free bitcoin lending (hardware-related costs will be negligible). Since bitcoins are designed to appreciate over time due to hard-coded supply limitations, interest rates on risk-free bitcoin-denominated loans are likely to be negligible. Therefore, the total volume of txn fees under pure proof-of-stake will just need to be just sufficient to compensate labor involved in maintaining bandwidth and storage space. The associated txn fees will be exceptionally low. Despite these exceptionally low fees, a proof-of-stake network will be many times more costly to exploit than the proof-of-work network. Approximately, a proof-of-work network can be exploited using expenditure equal to about one years worth of currency generation and txn fees. By contrast, exploitation of a proof-of-stake network requires purchase of a majority or near majority of all extant coins.

= Implementation =
There are currently a few distinct proposals on how to implement PoS

== Cunicula's Implementation of Mixed Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake ==

This suggestion is of a mixed Proof-of-Work / Proof-of-Stake system.

=== Cunicula's Note ===
Check the page history for the older implementation. I am replacing my description with a new system which I believe to be much more secure. The new system is a greatly improved version of Coblee's Proof of Activity [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=102355.0 proposal]. It provides extremely strong protection against PoW attacks, both double-spends and denials of service. It is not vulnerable even if PoW attackers also have substantial (but non majority) stake. It provides strong incentives to maintain full nodes. The system is supported through taxes on coin owners who fail to maintain full nodes. Tax revenue is redistributed to coin owners who maintain full nodes. The maintenance of full nodes is the key element providing security in the system.

The discussion focuses on long-term maintenance of the system. Initial distribution of coins could occur through PoW mining, an IPO mechanism, or a more complex scheme that allows initial coins to be distributed to both PoW miners and businesses voted for by coin owners. The issue of initial distribution is separate from long-term maintenance and it is confusing to discuss the two together.

=== Glossary ===
Voluntary Signatures - Voluntary signatures result from a random auditing processes. As blocks are mined, keys are selected for auditing based on random selection. The signatures provide public evidence that a public key owner is running a full node. Passing the audit allows a private key to remain active.

Active Keys - By default, public keys that appear in the blockchain are active if they have a balance of at least one full coin. Public keys that provide voluntary signatures when randomly audited remain active. Active public keys are eligible to participate in lotteries to sign PoW blocks and mine PoS blocks. This is remunerative. Public keys that fail to provide signatures become dead private keys.

Dead Keys - Keys that have failed to provide signatures lose lottery eligibility. Keys that have balances of less than 1 coin are considered dead by default. Dead keys can no longer mine PoS blocks. However, these dead keys can still be used to generate txns. Network maintenance is supported primarily through mandatory fees levied on coins sent by dead keys. After coins are sent using a dead key, the key becomes active provided that it retains a balance of at least 1 coin.

Mandatory Signature Sequence - In order for a PoW block to be valid and enter the blockchain, it must be signed by a sequence of 5 randomly selected active keys. The fifth signatory in the sequence mines a PoS block.

PoS block - The fifth signatory of a PoW block must mint his own block without any PoW submission at all. This block is called a PoS block.

Coin-age - Coin age refers to the age of txn inputs. Coin age is equal to the number of coins sent times the average age on these coins. Age is measured in blocks. Age is reset to 1 block whenever a coin is sent AND whenever a coin provides a signature (both mandatory and voluntary signatures count). Coin-age is used to calculate mandatory fees.

Demurrage Fee - Chain Security is supported primarily through a demurrage tax on sent inputs. This tax proportional to average input age as measured in coin-years. I suggest 5% per coin-year as a reasonable fee. Active keys can avoid demurrage fees simply by remaining active. Thus the actual fee generation will be much lower than 5% per year. Dead keys must pay demurrage. The opportunity to evade demurrage motivates activity.

Optional Fee - Fees are used to ration block space. Blocks select prioritize txns with high fees. If demurrage fees alone are insufficient to motivate txn inclusion, the user can add an optional fee to his txn.

Fee Fund - Both optional fees and demurrage fees enter a fund, rather than being distributed directly to miners. Fees are added to the fund immediately, so there is a weak incentive to include high fee txns in blocks. The PoW miner receives a distribution equal to 0.01% of the accumulated fund. The first four mandatory signatories also receive 0.1% each. The PoS block miner receives 0.1% as well, but his takings will differ slightly because the fund is updated based on txns included in his block. Use of a fund reduces volatility in mining reward.

Root Private Key - The root private key has full spending and signing authority. When significant balances are held, this key should be kept as an offline backup to guard against theft.

Stake Signing Key - Private Key can delegate signing and sending authority to one other private key. The delegated key can sign blocks and has limited authority to send coins. Authority to send coins is determined by two positive constants, t and k. The following txn rule limits the stake signing keys' spending authority:

Change Returned to Public Key >= all coins sent to other addresses * {max(k,k*(t/coin-years on public key)}
k=9 and t=1/12 are suggested as possible parameters. These parameters allows the stake signing key to spend up to 10% of the total key balance per month. The max value at risk in event of theft of
this key is 10%. Holders of large balances 'zero-out' their coin-age frequently via mining and face less theft risk. If this occurs once per week, for example, the large balance holder will only
risk be able to spend up to 2.3% of their balance per week and will only lose 2.3% in the event of theft. Once theft is detected, all remaining coins can be moved to a secure computer using the
root private key.

=== Mining Process ===

1) Block meeting work difficulty target is mined. Difficulty target periodically adjusted so that 1 PoW block arrives every 10 minutes.

2) Work submission is hashed 10 times consecutively. Each consecutive hash maps to an individual unspent output in the blockchain. This is essentially a lottery drawing two sets of five winners. The first five hashes map to mandatory signatures, the final five hashses map to voluntary signatures.

3) If the mandatory signatures map to active public keys [see glossary], the block can potentially be valid. Otherwise, the block is invalid and must be discarded.

4) If PoW miner finds a potentially valid block, he transmits the following hash to the network: {work submission;hash(his block, the previous valid block)}

5) If the work submission meets the difficulty target and maps to active signatories, then the block is relayed through the network. Otherwise, the message is dropped as spam.

5) The first five selected signatories sequentially sign this hash and transmit it onwards as {work submission; hash; sig 1; sig 2; sig 3; sig 4; sig 5}

6) After the mandatory signature sequence is complete, the final signatory publishes the PoW block and also his own PoS block.

7) The final five hashes map to voluntary signatures. These voluntary signatures can be inserted into any block within the next 6 blocks as special txns. These txns do not require fees.

9) Go to step 1

Note: This process is simultaneous so that multiple block hashes can circulate in the network attempting to collect five signatures and generate PoW/PoS block pairs. Block pairs that lose this race
are orphaned.

=== Infeasability of standard attack vectors ===

Unless attackers own a large share of stake, all types of PoW attacks are computationally infeasible. I think there are two types of known attacks: 1) Double-Spend 2) Denial of Service
I consider approximations below. The numbers are so favorable that consideration of exact statistics is not particularly interesting.

1) Double Spend.

Double spends rely on secrecy. In order to mine blocks in secret a PoW miner must select his 5 of his own public keys in the lottery. If the PoW miner owns a share 0<s<1 of all coins,
the probability of doing that a block meeting the difficulty target will select the miner's coins is (1/s)^5. For s=0.01, 1 out of 10 billion blocks will satisfy this criteria.
Even for extremely small hash aggregate rates, it is not practical to privately mine at a rate 10 billion times faster than all other miners combined. For s=0.1, 1 out of 100,000 blocks will
satisfy this criteria. (i.e. the attack still requires approximately 99.999% of all hashing power). For s=0.5, the attacker will succeed if he controls 51% of the aggregate hash rate.

2) Denial of Service

An attacker who mines publicly could simply produce empty PoW blocks. However, this would fail to deny service. 50% of all blocks are randomly mined via PoS. The attacker cannot
force the PoS miners to produce empty blocks. Therefore he cannot deny service regardless of how much hash rate he controls.

=== Long-term Chain Evaluation ===
1) Comparison of two long chains is based on a simple sum of block difficulty, just as in bitcoin.

2) A criticism of PoS is that there is no reason not to sign attack chains. However, in a long secret chain, many stakeholders will have dead signatures. These dead stakeholders will not be able to sign the main chain, but not the attack chain. They will have a strong incentive to make sure the main chain wins because the attack chain will impose demurrage fees on them.

=== Incentives to maintain full nodes ===

This system introduces powerful incentives to maintain full nodes. Many people argue that the lack of an incentive to maintain a full node is a problem in the bitcoin system.

1) a steady flow of txns will generate some fees even if all public keys remain active. Active keys must be maintaining full nodes. Otherwise they could not provide the voluntary signatures which prove their activity. Even very weak incentives are sufficient in this case. If almost all keys are associated with active nodes, then it is not necessary to motivate additional participation.

2) Some public keys may decide to become inactive. This is costly for them. They will suffer a loss of 5% of their balance per year for as long as they remain inactive.

3) The active public keys constantly capture revenue from inactive public keys. This means that the incentives to remain increase dramatically as participation falls. Suppose that 50% of public keys maintain full nodes, then this 50% will capture 2.5% of coins per annum. This is equal to an annual of return of 2.0%. The alternative, inactivity, yields an annual return of -5.0% as discussed in point 2. I consider this a reasonable incentive level and participation rate. Suppose that I am wrong, and only 10% of public keys maintain full nodes. Then these 10% will capture 4.5% of all extant coins per annum. This implies an annual return on participation equal to 45% per annum. This is a very strong incentive and is almost certain to be sufficient, even if nodes are quite costly to maintain. If only 1% of coins participate, then 4.95% of all extant coins will be distributed to this 1% each year. This implies a weekly return on participation of 3%, a pirate ponzi scheme level return. If these incentive are inadequate to support a healthy network of full nodes (which seems unlikely to me), then the levy on dead coins could be increased to exceed 5% per annum.

4) Many people will not have enough coins to justify running their own node. Such individuals will likely use an online banking service which could store their limited spend key. The service could return interest to users in exchange for managing their keys.

5) Other individuals may prefer the privacy associated with dropping out of participation. These individuals are still welcome to use the network, but must face a wealth tax of 5% per annum to compensate for the security risk created by their behavior.

=== Storage of Blockchain Metadata ===
To facilitate the system, data should be extracted from the block chain in a readily accessible database that is updated with each block. The database only needs to incorporate
public keys which control at least 1 coin. Keys with balances less than 1 coin are considered dead by default. These low-value public keys
are not allowed to create limited stake public keys. If a public key balance drops below 1 coin, the limited stake public key associated with the root key is invalidated.

The database would look like this:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Public Key (ordered list) !! Linked Stake Public key (if any) !! Balance !! Cumulative Balance !! Active? !! Coin-age (in years)
|-
| A || As || 1 || 1 || 1 || 0.03
|-
| B || Bs || 2.5 || 3.5 || 0 || 0.1
|-
| C || Cs || 3 || 6.5 || 1 || 0.2
|-
| ... || ... || ... || ... || ... || ...
|}
The block chain must maintain records of links between public keys and delegated limited stake public keys. These should be put in a simple database for easy access.

Cumulative balance can be used to determine the winners of the lottery. (i.e. the lottery is a uniform draw on the support [0,total issued coins]) This indicates a unique lottery winner,
whose chance of winning is proportional to his ownership share.

Coin-age is updated as follows.
If no send, Coin-age_t = Coin-age_t-1 + 1.
If send, Coin_age_t = 1.
If send and receipt of coins, Coin_age_t = 1.
If receipt of coins but no send, Coin_age_t = [Coin_age_(t-1)*balance_(t-1)+received coins]/balance(t)

Coin-age is necessary to determine mandatory demurrage fees and to calculate spending limits for limited stake public keys.

Active is 1 by default and becomes 0 if a key fails to provide a requested voluntary signature. 0 is an absorbing state.

=== Beneficiaries and Lossers from Txn Fees ===
The total amount of demurrage fees collected annually varies between 0% and 5% of the total money supply.

The most burdensome fee in the system is the fee paid to PoW miners. This fee imposes a demurrage tax of between 0% and 0.1% per annum on all users of the system. In addition to the demurrage tax, PoW miners receive a 2% share of any optional fees paid to access scarce block space. All coin owners are net losers as a result of PoW mining fees. To minimize costs to coin owners, PoW fee payments are kept as low as possible. Since large hash rates play only a tiny role in security, larger fees for PoW miners are unnecessary.

Other demurrage fees are transfers of revenue from one private key to another. Some keys are net beneficiaries of these transfers, while other keys are net losers. Collectively, these fees do not make coin owners better or worse off. Their effects are neutral. However, individually, the fees do create winners and losers. ''Active'' users that spend infrequently gain from the system. An ''active'' user with average spend frequency is likely to gain from the system as well, but only by a small amount. An ''active'' user that spends very frequently will probably lose from the system. ''Dead'' users will certainly lose from the system. This loss serves as a punishment for failure to maintain an ''active'' node.

== Meni's implementation ==
This proposal is for a proof-of-work (PoW) skeleton on which occasional checkpoints set by stakeholders are placed. In one variant, double-spending is prevented by waiting for a transaction to be included in a checkpoint; the variant described here uses cementing to prevent double-spending, and checkpoints to resolve cementing conflicts.

=== Proof of work ===
Miners use their hashrate to find blocks and build the blockchain exactly as with the pure PoW system. They receive any new generated coins from the block; there will be two kinds of transaction fees, one of which is a mining fee given to the miner who finds the block, just like the PoW transaction fees.

=== Signatures ===
One block every 100 blocks (a different number can be used instead) is a signature block. When a signature block is found and confirmed with several subsequent blocks, stakeholders (people who have bitcoins) are expected to sign it by using a private key associated with their address which contains coins to sign the block hash. If there are several blocks of the same height, an address should not sign more than one of them. The signatures are broadcast on the network and included in a future block. For every candidate block, the total weight of all signatures is tallied (the weight of an address is determined mostly by the number of coins in it, as of the last signature block). Stakeholders will be able to collect signature fees when providing a signature, proportionally to their weight.

At the basic level, there are no rules to choosing which of several conflicting blocks to sign, stakeholders should just choose one.

=== Cementing ===
Cementing is a node's reluctance to do a blockchain reorganization. A node will reject any new block found if it contradicts a 6-block deep branch it is already aware of and currently considers valid. That is, once a node receives 6 confirmations for a block, it will not accept a competing block even if it is part of a longer branch.

In a pure PoW system this is problematic to do because a node could be stuck on "the wrong version" - if an attacker isolates the node and feeds him bogus data, it will not embrace the true, longer chain when he learns of it. However, using PoS to have the final say in such situations makes this possible.

=== Branch selection ===
When a node needs to select which of several branches is valid, it chooses one based on the following criteria in increasing importance (each one is overridden by the next):

#Branch length (total difficulty of all blocks), as in a PoW system.
#Cementing - an already cemented block will not be replaced by a longer branch.
#Signatures - even a cemented block will be overridden by a signature block with signature weight more than half the total possible weight by some margin.

If the conflict is so long that it contains more than one spot for a signature block, the conflicting signature blocks will be traversed earliest to latest, each time choosing the branch with the majority vote. After the newest uncontested signature block it proceeds to use cementing and branch length.

A signature block with no clear majority will be considered tied, and will not override the other criteria. Signature fees will not be given out but instead carried over to the next signature spot, to encourage stakeholders to participate then.

=== [[Double-spending]] prevention ===
A good level of security can be achieved by waiting for a block to be cemented. By that time it is safe to assume that the network recognizes this block and will not easily switch to a different block, even if a longer branch is presented.

A more authoritative confirmation is enabled by waiting for a signature block. Once a block achieves a majority (and some more time is allowed for this majority to spread in the network), it is extremely unlikely that the network will ever switch away from this block.

=== Weights ===
The weight of every address starts at 0. When an address provides a signature, its weight increases so that after several signatures, the weight approaches the number of coins in the address as of the last signature block. For example,
New weight = 0.9 * Old weight + 0.1 * Balance
If a signature is not provided by the address in a signature block, its weight decreases:
New weight = 0.9 * Old weight
This way, addresses whose owners do not wish to participate in signing do not hamper the ability to reach a majority.

If an address signs two conflicting blocks, its weight is reset to 0. This is to limit the power of malicious stakeholders.

If coins move to a new address, weight is proportionally taken away from the addressed, but is not transferred to the new address. The new stakeholder will have to build up his weight.

=== Malicious stakeholders ===
The system is resilient against stakeholders who misuse their signature power, even if they have a majority of the bitcoins. Since their only obligation is to not sign conflicting blocks, the only way they could double-spend is if they first sign one block so it achieves a majority, then sign a different one so that it achieves a bigger majority. Generally this will not work. A short while after a majority is achieved, most of the network will be aware of the relevant signatures. If a different signature is broadcast, the conflict will be detected and both signatures will be ignored. This will cause the current majority block to become tied, but the network is already cemented on it and will vote for this branch in the next signature block. The weight of the attacker will by then reduce to 0 so he will be unable to create more disruption.

Another attack is refusing to sign blocks to keep them tied. Since this causes a decay of the weight, they can only stand in the way of a majority for a short time.

=== Denial of service ===
The method as described does not solve a denial of service scenario. A majority miner could create only blocks with no transactions (or with many transactions missing) and reject all other blocks.

This may be solvable by adding some measure of the transaction in a block to the selection criteria, such as Bitcoin days destroyed.

Also, proposals to replace the block chain with a directed acyclic graph have been made, and could be used to make it easier to include transactions.

== Key difference between the two proposals ==
In Cunicula's system, voting power is determined by combining (multiplicatively) your hashrate and stake. This would be problematic if small players could not compete effectively with large players. Though we are waiting on a formal mathematical proof, evidence to date suggests that small and large players would have an equal competitive footing. Simulations described in this thread [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=68213.msg801253#msg801253] indicate that small players are competitive with large players because the multiplicative combination of hashrate and stake exhibits constant returns. Evidence in the thread suggests that these simulation results are accepted by both Cunicula and Meni.)

In Meni's, there's a skeleton based purely on hashrate, and superimposed on it are occasional checkpoints set by stakeholders. You can contribute PoW without having stake, and you can contribute PoS without having work, and in both cases your voting power and reward is linearly proportional to the resources you have.

== Peeroin ==
[http://ppcoin.org Peercoin] is the first known implementation of a combined PoS/PoW system (released August 19 2012).

== See also ==
*[[Proof_of_work|Proof of work]]
*[[Proof_of_burn|Proof of burn]]

[[category:mining]]

Talk:PPCoin

2014-04-21T11:13:12Z

Lunokhod: Lunokhod moved page Talk:PPCoin to Talk:Peercoin: Peercoin is the most common usage

#REDIRECT [[Talk:Peercoin]]

Talk:Peercoin

2014-04-21T11:13:12Z

Lunokhod: Lunokhod moved page Talk:PPCoin to Talk:Peercoin: Peercoin is the most common usage

Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-04-21T10:42:56Z

Lunokhod: /* AnonCoin (ANC) */

This article aims to list relevant cryptocurrencies, even those too minor to have their own wiki entry. See also [[:Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

It is based [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 on this thread].

= Currencies =

The order / grouping of these coins are still TBD.

[[User:Ripper234|Ripper234]] proposes a grouping of Major, Minor and New by an arbitrary market cap limit. This can be done once the market caps of the alts are known.
* Using market cap will make Tonal Bitcoin a "Major" despite de facto minor usage. Therefore, I suggest finding a different method of categorizing. --[[User:Luke-jr|Luke-jr]] ([[User talk:Luke-jr|talk]]) 05:06, 4 March 2013 (GMT)

== Major ==
=== Bitcoin (BTC) ===
* http://bitcoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 3rd, 2009

=== Namecoin (NMC) ===
* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Namecoin
* (merged mined with BTC)
* https://github.com/vinced/namecoin
* http://namecoin.info/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: April 18, 2011

=== Litecoin (LTC) ===
* http://litecoin.org/
* blocks every '''2.5 min'''
* coin supply* '''84 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''50''' coins per block
* Market Cap: 150,000 BTC
* Launch Date: October 2011

=== Dogecoin (Doge) ===
* http://www.Dogecoin.com/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''99 Billion''' coins will be available and 5 Billion added every year.
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''1,000,000 - 0 (Random)''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $56,000,000
* Launch Date: December 2013

=== PPCoin (PPC) ===
* http://ppcoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=101820.0
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''non-deterministic ''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''each block'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''varies on difficulty''' coins per block
* EXTRA: Incorporates [[Proof Of Stake]] coin Generation, contains central checksums to kickstart the protocol
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: approx August 19th, 2012 (date of its [http://ppcoin.org/static/ppcoin-paper.pdf whitepaper])
** The public design phase of this coin was very brief.

=== Mastercoin (MSC) ===
* http://www.mastercoin.org
* Coin supply: 619478.59338440 MSC
* Launch Date: September 1, 2013
* Blockchain: Uses Bitcoin for transport, storage and security, inherits Bitcoin Protocol properties
* Extended Properties: Distributed Exchange, Savings & Guardian Addresses, Contracts for Difference, Smart Properties, User Currencies
* Protocol: Master Protocol
* Spec Github Repo: https://github.com/mastercoin-MSC/spec

== New ==
New in on the scene.
Please put here any coins whose concept are new. If a coin is discussed for 6 months and launched yesterday, it is not new.

=== Hashcoin (HSC) ===
* http://hashcoin.technology
* Block reward: '''1024 HSC'''
* Block time: '''10 seconds'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Retarget: Every 720 blocks or every '''2 Hours'''
* Coin supply: '''28.4 billion''' (28,401,840,000) total coins
* Block reward halved every 9,467,280 blocks (~ 3 years)
* Extended Properties: Decentralised Exchange, Real-time Payroll, Digitised Property Rights, Contract Rights & Intellectual Property Rights, Trading Locales, DNA Records, Patents, Shares.
* Launch Date: January 3, 2014
* Site Go-Live: April 26, 2014

=== Coino (CON) ===
* http://www.coino.org
* PoW algorithm: '''Scrypt'''
* Block reward: '''35 CON''' (First 140 Blocks only 1 Coin for instamine)
* Block time: '''25 seconds'''
* Retarget: '''1 Hour'''
* Coin supply: '''100 million''' total coins
* Launch Date: January 18, 2014

=== RonPaulCoin (RPC) ===
* http://www.ronpaulcoin.com
* Blocks every '''2 min'''
* Coin supply '''2.1 million''' total coins
* Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''
* Hashing algorithm '''scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1 '''coin per block
* Block reward halved every 262k blocks (~ 4 years)
* Launch Date: December 29, 2013

=== Betacoin (BET) ===
* http://betacoin.org/
* Blocks every '''4 min'''
* Coin supply* '''32 million''' coins will be mined in ~ first 6 years + '''0,39% annual'''
* Difficulty adjustment* '''6 blocks'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''128 '''coins per block
* Block reward halved every 126k blocks (~ 1 year)
* Launch Date: October, 2013

=== Nxt (NXT) ===
* http://nextcoin.org
* Pronounced as "Next"
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Designed as 100% PoS (Proof-of-Stake) system
* Coin supply* '''1 billion''' coins exist from the start distributed by 74 founding stake holders
* Launch Date: September, 29, 2013

=== Globe (GLB) ===
* http://www.globecrypto.com/
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''10''' coin per block
* Block reward halved at 86.4k blocks, 5 coins per block thereafter, with 4% increase annually
* Launch Date: December 06, 2013

=== Valutacoin(VAC) ===
* http://valutacoin.com/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: April 2014

== Minor ==
=== Megacoin (MΣC) ===
* http://www.megacoin.co.nz/
* https://forum.megacoin.co.nz
* Block Target is 2.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every every 420,000 blocks
* 25 coins per block
* 42 Million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

The implentation of the Kimoto Gravity well retargets difficulty every block. This keeps mining fair and secure for all miners and users of the coin, and prevents the rampant multipool abuse that was (and still is) common with most all other altcoins out on the market today.

=== AnonCoin (ANC) ===
* https://anoncoin.net/
* https://forum.anoncoin.net
* Block Target is 3.4 minutes
* Block reward halved every 306k blocks
* 5 coins per block
* 4.2 million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

[[Anoncoin]]'s goal is to make the user more Anonymous by providing built-in support for I2P and [[Zerocoin]].

=== Franko (FRK) ===
* http://www.frankos.org/
* http://forum.frankos.org
* Block Target is 0.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every 22m blocks
* 0.25 coins per block
* 11.2 million total coins
* Difficulty changes every 720 blocks

Franko is considered the crypto with the fairest adoption length. Accepted by over 50 merchants and 10 brick and mortar stores.

Base currency used by the Franko Collective, a democratic group of developers.

=== FeatherCoin (FTC) ===
* http://feathercoin.com/
* A fork of Litecoin
* 243 million total coins

=== CraftCoin (CRC) ===
* http://craftcoin.net/
* Based on Litecoin
* Portable in-game currency for Minecraft Servers
* 206,847 total coins

=== Tonal Bitcoin (TBC) ===
* [[Tonal Bitcoin]]
* (merged mined with BTC)
* (blockchain shared with BTC)
* (automatically converted to/from BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''7.8 tam''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Initial Reward '''1,2905.2''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 2rd, 2011

=== IxCoin (IXC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36701.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA1'''
* Reward '''96 '''coins per block

=== Devcoin (DEV) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=34586.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''constant generation''' coins will be available (???)
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Reward '''50,000''' coins per block
* '''EXTRA 90% block subsidy goes to foundation'''

=== Freicoin (FRC) ===
* http://freico.in/
* http://www.freicoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=89843.0
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3816.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''100 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* [http://www.freicoin.org/freicoin-generation-graph-t41-20.html#p532 Arithmetically decreasing] reward
* EXTRA:
-- 4.89% annual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_currency demurrage]
-- 80% block subsidy [http://www.freicoin.org/application-developer-best-practices-t87.html#p919 goes to foundation for the first 3 years] (about 500 coins for each of first 161280 blocks, total 80m)
-- [u]In need of Dev work on daemon, client etc but network still running[/u]

=== I0coin (I0C) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36425.0 ; https://github.com/kr105rlz/i0coin
* Perhaps should be moved to Dead section?

=== Terracoin (TRC) ===
* http://terracoin.org/
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''42 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''30 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''20''' coins per block

=== Liquidcoin (LQC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=60026.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* '''no cap''' as block subsidy has a minimum of 1 coin
* Constant difficulty of '''0.5'''
* Coin reward drops over time

=== BBQCoin (BQC) ===
* http://blog.bbqcoin.org http://www.bbqcoin.com
* blocks every '''1 minute'''
* coin supply* '''88 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''42''' coins per block

=== BitBar (BTB) ===
* http://bitbar.biz/home
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''1''' coin per block
* Coin reward drops over time

=== Netcoin (NET) ===
* Main - http://netcoin.org.uk/
* Forums - http://forum.netcoinfoundation.org/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''320.6 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1024 '''coins per block
* Reward Halves '''Every 3 months or 129,600 Blocks'''
* Market Cap: approx. $200,000 (Dec 4th, 2013)
* Launch Date: Sept 2nd, 2013

=== GoldCoin (GLD) ===
* http://gldcoin.com/
* https://www.gldtalk.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=317568.0
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''123 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* reward '''45''' coins per block

== Dead / dying ==
===Qubic===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=112676.0
Qubic Forum: http://qubic.boards.net
===TimeKoin===
Still alive* http://timekoin.org/* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php topic=88467.0
===SC Solidcoin===
scam?* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/SolidCoin ; http://solidcoin.info/
===GG Geist Geld===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=42417.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/GeistGeld
===TBX Tenebrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=45667.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/Tenebrix
===FBX Fairbrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=46528.0 ; https://github.com/coblee/Fairbrix
===CLC Coiledcoin===
killed in 51% attack ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=56675.0
===RUC Rucoin===
https://www.rucoin.org/ ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=48582.0
===MMM MMMcoin===
dead
===Weeds===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]
===Beertoken===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]

==See Also==

* [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 List of all cryptocoins] curated list on BitcoinTalk forum.

[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

Zerocoin

2014-04-21T10:41:37Z

Lunokhod: /* See also */

'''Zerocoin''' is a proposed extension to the Bitcoin protocol that would add true cryptographic anonymity to bitcoin transactions. Given that bitcoin transactions are stored in a public ledger (in the block chain]), the history of any transaction can be traced. Zerocoin provides for anonymity by the introduction of a separate ''zerocoin'' cryptocurrency that is stored in the Bitcoin block chain. Zerocoins are purchased with bitcoin in fixed demoninations by a zerocoin mint transaction. Later, these zerocoins can be redeemed for bitcoin to a different bitcoin address by a zerocoin spend transaction. Through the use of cryptographic accumulators and digital commitments with zero-knowledge proofs, it is not possible to link the bitcoin address that was used to mint the original zerocoin to the bitcoin address used to redeem the zerocoin. Though originally proposed for use with the Bitcoin network, Zerocoin could be integrated into any [[cryptocurrency]].

==Rationale for Zerocoin==
Bitcoin transactions are all stored, by design, in a public ledger (the block chain) that is accessible to everyone. These transactions provide privacy through pseudonymity, in that while each transaction is associated with the public address of the sender and receiver, the names of the owners of these addresses are at no time made known to the Bitcoin network. To increase privacy, each person could create as many public addresses as they like, making it difficult to link transactions to the same person. If additional privacy were required, it is possible to launder bitcoin through a trusted third party, where the input coins are mixed in a large pool and output to a new address.<ref name="Bradbury">{{ cite news | title=How anonymous is Bitcoin? | last=Bradbury | first=Danny | date=7 June 2013 | work=CoinDesk | publisher=CoinDesk Ltd. | url=http://www.coindesk.com/how-anonymous-is-bitcoin/ | accessdate=8 February 2014 }}</ref>

Regardless of the best precautions, by data mining of the block chain, it becomes possible in certain cases to link a set of public addresses to a specific (unnamed) individual. For example, this could be done by the analysis of spending habits, or by having the change of a transaction from one public address being sent to another. Furthermore, by utilizing information external to the block chain, such as public bitcoin addresses posted on a web site, or the postal address used with a bitcoin purchase, the possibility exists that every single bitcoin transaction of a given person could be determined.

== Zerocoin protocol==

The Zerocoin<ref name="Miers">I. Miers, C. Garman, M. Green, and A. D. Rubin (2013). [http://spar.isi.jhu.edu/~mgreen/ZerocoinOakland.pdf| Zerocoin: Anonymous Distributed E-Cash from Bitcoin], 2013 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, IEEE Computer Society
Conference Publishing Services, 397–411, doi:10.1109/SP.2013.34</ref> extension to bitcoin would have functioned like a money laundering pool, temporarily pooling bitcoins together in exchange for a temporary currency called Zerocoins. While the laundering pool is an established concept already utilized by several currency laundering services, Zerocoin would have implemented this at the protocol level, eliminatating any reliance on trusted third parties. It anonymizes the exchanges to and from the pool using cryptographic principles, and as a proposed extension to the Bitcoin protocol, it would have recorded the transactions within Bitcoin's existing block chain.

The anonymity afforded by Zerocoin is the result of cryptographic operations involved with separate zerocoin mint and spend transactions.<ref name="Miers"/> To mint a zerocoin, a person generates a random serial number ''S'', and encrypts (that is commits) this into a coin ''C'' by use of second random number ''r''. In practice, ''C'' is a Pedersen Commitment. The coin ''C'' is added to a cryptographic accumulator by miners, and at the same time, the amount of bitcoin equal in value to the denomination of the zerocoin is added to a zerocoin escrow pool.

To redeem the zerocoin into bitcoin (preferably to a new public address) the owner of the coin needs to prove two things by way of a zero-knowledge proof. (A zero-knowledge proof is a method by which one party can prove to another that a given statement is true, without conveying any additional information apart from the fact that the statement is indeed true.) The first is that they know a coin ''C'' that belongs to the set of all other minted zerocoins (''C1'', ''C2'',... ''Cn''), without revealing which coin it is. In practice, this is done quickly by use of a one-way accumulator that does not reveal the members of the set. The second is that the person knows a number ''r'', that along with the serial number ''S'' corresponds to a zerocoin. The proof and serial number ''S'' are posted as a zerocoin spend transaction, where miners verify the proof and that the serial number ''S'' has not been spent previously. After verification, the transaction is posted to the blockchain, and the amount of bitcoin equal to the zerocoin denomination is transferred from the zerocoin escrow pool. Anonymity in the transaction is assured because the minted coin ''C'' is not linked to the serial number ''S'' used to redeem the coin.

One criticism of Zerocoin is the added computation time required by the process, which would need to have been performed primarily by bitcoin miners. If the proofs were posted to the block chain, this would also dramatically increase the size of the block chain.<ref name=peck2013>{{cite news | url=http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/networks/whos-who-in-bitcoin-zerocoin-hero-matthew-green | title=Who’s who in Bitcoin: Zerocoin hero Matthew Green | work=IEEE Spectrum | last=Peck | first=Morgan E. | date=24 October 2013 | accessdate=31 January 2014 | publisher=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}}</ref> To counter criticisms that the anonymity offered by Zerocoin would facilitate illegal activity, it has been suggested that a “back door”, or other features, could be added to the Zerocoin protocol to allow police to track money laundering.<ref>{{cite news | title=Bitcoin add-on makes your virtual purchases private | date=13 March 2013 | last=Hodson | first=Hal | work=NewScientist | publisher=Reed Business Information Ltd. | url=http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/onepercent/2013/03/bitcoin-zerocoin.html | accessdate=8 February 2014 }}</ref>

==Extensions of Zerocoin==

Recognizing that Bitcoin was unlikely to be implement Zerocoin, the authors of Zerocoin expressed hope that other cryptocurrencies would incorporate Zerocoin anonymity features.<ref name="Bradbury" /> Currently, Zerocoin is being implemented in the alternative cryptocurrency [[Anoncoin]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://anoncoin.net |accessdate=2014-04-03|title=AnonCoin}}</ref> In addition, Zerocoin developer Matthew Green announced that Zerocoin would be released as an independent [[cryptocurrency]], going into circulation in May 2014 “in some sort of beta program”.<ref name=greenberg2014>{{cite news|last=Greenberg | first=Andy | date=13 January 2014 | url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2014/01/13/bitcoin-anonymity-upgrade-zerocoin-to-become-its-own-cryptocurrency/ |title=Bitcoin Anonymity Upgrade Zerocoin To Become An Independent Cryptocurrency |work=Forbes|publisher=Forbes Inc. |accessdate=2014-01-30}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

==See also==
* [http://zerocoin.org Official Zerocoin website]
* [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=152786.0 Zerocoin forum at bitcointalk.org]
* [http://research.microsoft.com/apps/video/default.aspx?id=192058 Zerocoin presentation (Microsoft research)]

[[Category:Anonymity]]

Zerocoin

2014-04-21T10:29:33Z

Lunokhod: /* Extensions of Zerocoin */

'''Zerocoin''' is a proposed extension to the Bitcoin protocol that would add true cryptographic anonymity to bitcoin transactions. Given that bitcoin transactions are stored in a public ledger (in the block chain]), the history of any transaction can be traced. Zerocoin provides for anonymity by the introduction of a separate ''zerocoin'' cryptocurrency that is stored in the Bitcoin block chain. Zerocoins are purchased with bitcoin in fixed demoninations by a zerocoin mint transaction. Later, these zerocoins can be redeemed for bitcoin to a different bitcoin address by a zerocoin spend transaction. Through the use of cryptographic accumulators and digital commitments with zero-knowledge proofs, it is not possible to link the bitcoin address that was used to mint the original zerocoin to the bitcoin address used to redeem the zerocoin. Though originally proposed for use with the Bitcoin network, Zerocoin could be integrated into any [[cryptocurrency]].

==Rationale for Zerocoin==
Bitcoin transactions are all stored, by design, in a public ledger (the block chain) that is accessible to everyone. These transactions provide privacy through pseudonymity, in that while each transaction is associated with the public address of the sender and receiver, the names of the owners of these addresses are at no time made known to the Bitcoin network. To increase privacy, each person could create as many public addresses as they like, making it difficult to link transactions to the same person. If additional privacy were required, it is possible to launder bitcoin through a trusted third party, where the input coins are mixed in a large pool and output to a new address.<ref name="Bradbury">{{ cite news | title=How anonymous is Bitcoin? | last=Bradbury | first=Danny | date=7 June 2013 | work=CoinDesk | publisher=CoinDesk Ltd. | url=http://www.coindesk.com/how-anonymous-is-bitcoin/ | accessdate=8 February 2014 }}</ref>

Regardless of the best precautions, by data mining of the block chain, it becomes possible in certain cases to link a set of public addresses to a specific (unnamed) individual. For example, this could be done by the analysis of spending habits, or by having the change of a transaction from one public address being sent to another. Furthermore, by utilizing information external to the block chain, such as public bitcoin addresses posted on a web site, or the postal address used with a bitcoin purchase, the possibility exists that every single bitcoin transaction of a given person could be determined.

== Zerocoin protocol==

The Zerocoin<ref name="Miers">I. Miers, C. Garman, M. Green, and A. D. Rubin (2013). [http://spar.isi.jhu.edu/~mgreen/ZerocoinOakland.pdf| Zerocoin: Anonymous Distributed E-Cash from Bitcoin], 2013 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, IEEE Computer Society
Conference Publishing Services, 397–411, doi:10.1109/SP.2013.34</ref> extension to bitcoin would have functioned like a money laundering pool, temporarily pooling bitcoins together in exchange for a temporary currency called Zerocoins. While the laundering pool is an established concept already utilized by several currency laundering services, Zerocoin would have implemented this at the protocol level, eliminatating any reliance on trusted third parties. It anonymizes the exchanges to and from the pool using cryptographic principles, and as a proposed extension to the Bitcoin protocol, it would have recorded the transactions within Bitcoin's existing block chain.

The anonymity afforded by Zerocoin is the result of cryptographic operations involved with separate zerocoin mint and spend transactions.<ref name="Miers"/> To mint a zerocoin, a person generates a random serial number ''S'', and encrypts (that is commits) this into a coin ''C'' by use of second random number ''r''. In practice, ''C'' is a Pedersen Commitment. The coin ''C'' is added to a cryptographic accumulator by miners, and at the same time, the amount of bitcoin equal in value to the denomination of the zerocoin is added to a zerocoin escrow pool.

To redeem the zerocoin into bitcoin (preferably to a new public address) the owner of the coin needs to prove two things by way of a zero-knowledge proof. (A zero-knowledge proof is a method by which one party can prove to another that a given statement is true, without conveying any additional information apart from the fact that the statement is indeed true.) The first is that they know a coin ''C'' that belongs to the set of all other minted zerocoins (''C1'', ''C2'',... ''Cn''), without revealing which coin it is. In practice, this is done quickly by use of a one-way accumulator that does not reveal the members of the set. The second is that the person knows a number ''r'', that along with the serial number ''S'' corresponds to a zerocoin. The proof and serial number ''S'' are posted as a zerocoin spend transaction, where miners verify the proof and that the serial number ''S'' has not been spent previously. After verification, the transaction is posted to the blockchain, and the amount of bitcoin equal to the zerocoin denomination is transferred from the zerocoin escrow pool. Anonymity in the transaction is assured because the minted coin ''C'' is not linked to the serial number ''S'' used to redeem the coin.

One criticism of Zerocoin is the added computation time required by the process, which would need to have been performed primarily by bitcoin miners. If the proofs were posted to the block chain, this would also dramatically increase the size of the block chain.<ref name=peck2013>{{cite news | url=http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/networks/whos-who-in-bitcoin-zerocoin-hero-matthew-green | title=Who’s who in Bitcoin: Zerocoin hero Matthew Green | work=IEEE Spectrum | last=Peck | first=Morgan E. | date=24 October 2013 | accessdate=31 January 2014 | publisher=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}}</ref> To counter criticisms that the anonymity offered by Zerocoin would facilitate illegal activity, it has been suggested that a “back door”, or other features, could be added to the Zerocoin protocol to allow police to track money laundering.<ref>{{cite news | title=Bitcoin add-on makes your virtual purchases private | date=13 March 2013 | last=Hodson | first=Hal | work=NewScientist | publisher=Reed Business Information Ltd. | url=http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/onepercent/2013/03/bitcoin-zerocoin.html | accessdate=8 February 2014 }}</ref>

==Extensions of Zerocoin==

Recognizing that Bitcoin was unlikely to be implement Zerocoin, the authors of Zerocoin expressed hope that other cryptocurrencies would incorporate Zerocoin anonymity features.<ref name="Bradbury" /> Currently, Zerocoin is being implemented in the alternative cryptocurrency [[Anoncoin]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://anoncoin.net |accessdate=2014-04-03|title=AnonCoin}}</ref> In addition, Zerocoin developer Matthew Green announced that Zerocoin would be released as an independent [[cryptocurrency]], going into circulation in May 2014 “in some sort of beta program”.<ref name=greenberg2014>{{cite news|last=Greenberg | first=Andy | date=13 January 2014 | url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2014/01/13/bitcoin-anonymity-upgrade-zerocoin-to-become-its-own-cryptocurrency/ |title=Bitcoin Anonymity Upgrade Zerocoin To Become An Independent Cryptocurrency |work=Forbes|publisher=Forbes Inc. |accessdate=2014-01-30}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

==See also==
* [http://zerocoin.org Official Zerocoin website]
* [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=152786.0 Zerocoin Bitcointalk forum]
* [http://research.microsoft.com/apps/video/default.aspx?id=192058 Zerocoin presentation (Microsoft research)]

[[Category:Anonymity]]

Mixing service

2014-04-21T10:27:28Z

Lunokhod: /* References */

A mixing service can be used to mix one's funds with others', with the intention of confusing the trail back to the funds' original source. In traditional financial systems, the equivalent would be moving funds through banks located in countries with strict bank-secrecy laws, such as the Cayman Islands, the Bahamas and Panama<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offshore_bank Offshore bank]</ref>.

Mixing helps protect privacy, but can also be used for money laundering - mixing illegally obtained funds. After laundering, the funds appear legitimate<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_laundering Money laundering]</ref>. Mixing large amounts of money may be illegal, being in violation of [[Wikipedia:Structuring|anti-structuring laws]].

There has been at least one incident where a Bitcoin exchange has blacklisted "tainted" deposits descending from stolen bitcoins<ref>[http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=73385.0 Mt Gox thinks it's the Fed. Freezes acc based on "tainted" coins.]</ref>. Manual or lightly automated mixing methods can make detection of taint more difficult unless the exchange follows the trail<ref>[http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=79079.0 Blockchain-based betting services function as mixing services?]</ref>, but this approach does protect privacy like a true mixing service would.

Caution: Mixing services may themselves be operating with anonymity. As such, if the mixing output fails to be delivered or access to funds is denied there is no recourse. Use at your own discretion.

==See Also==

* [[Anonymity]]
* [[:Category:Mixing Services|Mixing services]]
* [http://www.bitcoin.org/smf/index.php?topic=2893.0 RFC: Bitcoin Mixnet]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Financial]]
[[Category:Anonymity]]

Comparison of cryptocurrencies

2014-04-21T10:24:11Z

Lunokhod: /* AnonCoin (ANC) */

This article aims to list relevant cryptocurrencies, even those too minor to have their own wiki entry. See also [[:Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

It is based [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 on this thread].

= Currencies =

The order / grouping of these coins are still TBD.

[[User:Ripper234|Ripper234]] proposes a grouping of Major, Minor and New by an arbitrary market cap limit. This can be done once the market caps of the alts are known.
* Using market cap will make Tonal Bitcoin a "Major" despite de facto minor usage. Therefore, I suggest finding a different method of categorizing. --[[User:Luke-jr|Luke-jr]] ([[User talk:Luke-jr|talk]]) 05:06, 4 March 2013 (GMT)

== Major ==
=== Bitcoin (BTC) ===
* http://bitcoin.org/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 3rd, 2009

=== Namecoin (NMC) ===
* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Namecoin
* (merged mined with BTC)
* https://github.com/vinced/namecoin
* http://namecoin.info/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: April 18, 2011

=== Litecoin (LTC) ===
* http://litecoin.org/
* blocks every '''2.5 min'''
* coin supply* '''84 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''50''' coins per block
* Market Cap: 150,000 BTC
* Launch Date: October 2011

=== Dogecoin (Doge) ===
* http://www.Dogecoin.com/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''99 Billion''' coins will be available and 5 Billion added every year.
* hashing algorithm '''scrypt '''
* Initial Reward '''1,000,000 - 0 (Random)''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $56,000,000
* Launch Date: December 2013

=== PPCoin (PPC) ===
* http://ppcoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=101820.0
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''non-deterministic ''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''each block'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''varies on difficulty''' coins per block
* EXTRA: Incorporates [[Proof Of Stake]] coin Generation, contains central checksums to kickstart the protocol
* Market Cap: ???? BTC
* Launch Date: approx August 19th, 2012 (date of its [http://ppcoin.org/static/ppcoin-paper.pdf whitepaper])
** The public design phase of this coin was very brief.

=== Mastercoin (MSC) ===
* http://www.mastercoin.org
* Coin supply: 619478.59338440 MSC
* Launch Date: September 1, 2013
* Blockchain: Uses Bitcoin for transport, storage and security, inherits Bitcoin Protocol properties
* Extended Properties: Distributed Exchange, Savings & Guardian Addresses, Contracts for Difference, Smart Properties, User Currencies
* Protocol: Master Protocol
* Spec Github Repo: https://github.com/mastercoin-MSC/spec

== New ==
New in on the scene.
Please put here any coins whose concept are new. If a coin is discussed for 6 months and launched yesterday, it is not new.

=== Hashcoin (HSC) ===
* http://hashcoin.technology
* Block reward: '''1024 HSC'''
* Block time: '''10 seconds'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Retarget: Every 720 blocks or every '''2 Hours'''
* Coin supply: '''28.4 billion''' (28,401,840,000) total coins
* Block reward halved every 9,467,280 blocks (~ 3 years)
* Extended Properties: Decentralised Exchange, Real-time Payroll, Digitised Property Rights, Contract Rights & Intellectual Property Rights, Trading Locales, DNA Records, Patents, Shares.
* Launch Date: January 3, 2014
* Site Go-Live: April 26, 2014

=== Coino (CON) ===
* http://www.coino.org
* PoW algorithm: '''Scrypt'''
* Block reward: '''35 CON''' (First 140 Blocks only 1 Coin for instamine)
* Block time: '''25 seconds'''
* Retarget: '''1 Hour'''
* Coin supply: '''100 million''' total coins
* Launch Date: January 18, 2014

=== RonPaulCoin (RPC) ===
* http://www.ronpaulcoin.com
* Blocks every '''2 min'''
* Coin supply '''2.1 million''' total coins
* Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''
* Hashing algorithm '''scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1 '''coin per block
* Block reward halved every 262k blocks (~ 4 years)
* Launch Date: December 29, 2013

=== Betacoin (BET) ===
* http://betacoin.org/
* Blocks every '''4 min'''
* Coin supply* '''32 million''' coins will be mined in ~ first 6 years + '''0,39% annual'''
* Difficulty adjustment* '''6 blocks'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''128 '''coins per block
* Block reward halved every 126k blocks (~ 1 year)
* Launch Date: October, 2013

=== Nxt (NXT) ===
* http://nextcoin.org
* Pronounced as "Next"
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Designed as 100% PoS (Proof-of-Stake) system
* Coin supply* '''1 billion''' coins exist from the start distributed by 74 founding stake holders
* Launch Date: September, 29, 2013

=== Globe (GLB) ===
* http://www.globecrypto.com/
* Blocks every '''1 min'''
* Difficulty adjustment '''1 day'''
* Hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''10''' coin per block
* Block reward halved at 86.4k blocks, 5 coins per block thereafter, with 4% increase annually
* Launch Date: December 06, 2013

=== Valutacoin(VAC) ===
* http://valutacoin.com/
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Initial Reward '''50 '''coins per block
* Launch Date: April 2014

== Minor ==
=== Megacoin (MΣC) ===
* http://www.megacoin.co.nz/
* https://forum.megacoin.co.nz
* Block Target is 2.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every every 420,000 blocks
* 25 coins per block
* 42 Million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

The implentation of the Kimoto Gravity well retargets difficulty every block. This keeps mining fair and secure for all miners and users of the coin, and prevents the rampant multipool abuse that was (and still is) common with most all other altcoins out on the market today.

=== AnonCoin (ANC) ===
* https://anoncoin.net/
* https://forum.anoncoin.net
* Block Target is 3.4 minutes
* Block reward halved every 306k blocks
* 5 coins per block
* 4.2 million total coins
* Difficulty changes every block

Anoncoin's goal is to make the user more Anonymous by providing built-in support for I2P and [[Zerocoin]].

=== Franko (FRK) ===
* http://www.frankos.org/
* http://forum.frankos.org
* Block Target is 0.5 minutes
* Block reward halved every 22m blocks
* 0.25 coins per block
* 11.2 million total coins
* Difficulty changes every 720 blocks

Franko is considered the crypto with the fairest adoption length. Accepted by over 50 merchants and 10 brick and mortar stores.

Base currency used by the Franko Collective, a democratic group of developers.

=== FeatherCoin (FTC) ===
* http://feathercoin.com/
* A fork of Litecoin
* 243 million total coins

=== CraftCoin (CRC) ===
* http://craftcoin.net/
* Based on Litecoin
* Portable in-game currency for Minecraft Servers
* 206,847 total coins

=== Tonal Bitcoin (TBC) ===
* [[Tonal Bitcoin]]
* (merged mined with BTC)
* (blockchain shared with BTC)
* (automatically converted to/from BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''7.8 tam''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Initial Reward '''1,2905.2''' coins per block
* Market Cap: $144,000,000 (Jan 5th, 2013)
* Launch Date: January 2rd, 2011

=== IxCoin (IXC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36701.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* Coin supply* '''21 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA1'''
* Reward '''96 '''coins per block

=== Devcoin (DEV) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=34586.0
* (merged mined with BTC)
* blocks every '''10 min'''
* coin supply* '''constant generation''' coins will be available (???)
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA256d'''
* Reward '''50,000''' coins per block
* '''EXTRA 90% block subsidy goes to foundation'''

=== Freicoin (FRC) ===
* http://freico.in/
* http://www.freicoin.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=89843.0
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3816.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''100 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''2016 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* [http://www.freicoin.org/freicoin-generation-graph-t41-20.html#p532 Arithmetically decreasing] reward
* EXTRA:
-- 4.89% annual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_currency demurrage]
-- 80% block subsidy [http://www.freicoin.org/application-developer-best-practices-t87.html#p919 goes to foundation for the first 3 years] (about 500 coins for each of first 161280 blocks, total 80m)
-- [u]In need of Dev work on daemon, client etc but network still running[/u]

=== I0coin (I0C) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=36425.0 ; https://github.com/kr105rlz/i0coin
* Perhaps should be moved to Dead section?

=== Terracoin (TRC) ===
* http://terracoin.org/
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''42 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''30 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''SHA-256'''
* Reward '''20''' coins per block

=== Liquidcoin (LQC) ===
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=60026.0
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* '''no cap''' as block subsidy has a minimum of 1 coin
* Constant difficulty of '''0.5'''
* Coin reward drops over time

=== BBQCoin (BQC) ===
* http://blog.bbqcoin.org http://www.bbqcoin.com
* blocks every '''1 minute'''
* coin supply* '''88 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''42''' coins per block

=== BitBar (BTB) ===
* http://bitbar.biz/home
* blocks every '''10 minutes'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Reward '''1''' coin per block
* Coin reward drops over time

=== Netcoin (NET) ===
* Main - http://netcoin.org.uk/
* Forums - http://forum.netcoinfoundation.org/
* blocks every '''1 min'''
* coin supply* '''320.6 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* Initial Reward '''1024 '''coins per block
* Reward Halves '''Every 3 months or 129,600 Blocks'''
* Market Cap: approx. $200,000 (Dec 4th, 2013)
* Launch Date: Sept 2nd, 2013

=== GoldCoin (GLD) ===
* http://gldcoin.com/
* https://www.gldtalk.org/
* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=317568.0
* blocks every '''2 minutes'''
* coin supply* '''123 million''' coins will be available
* difficulty adjustment* '''60 blocks'''
* hashing algorithm '''Scrypt'''
* reward '''45''' coins per block

== Dead / dying ==
===Qubic===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=112676.0
Qubic Forum: http://qubic.boards.net
===TimeKoin===
Still alive* http://timekoin.org/* https://bitcointalk.org/index.php topic=88467.0
===SC Solidcoin===
scam?* https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/SolidCoin ; http://solidcoin.info/
===GG Geist Geld===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=42417.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/GeistGeld
===TBX Tenebrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=45667.0 ; https://github.com/Lolcust/Tenebrix
===FBX Fairbrix===
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=46528.0 ; https://github.com/coblee/Fairbrix
===CLC Coiledcoin===
killed in 51% attack ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=56675.0
===RUC Rucoin===
https://www.rucoin.org/ ; https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=48582.0
===MMM MMMcoin===
dead
===Weeds===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]
===Beertoken===
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9493.0]

==See Also==

* [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 List of all cryptocoins] curated list on BitcoinTalk forum.

[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]

CryptoNote

2014-04-21T10:21:15Z

Lunokhod: /* References */

CryptoNote is an open-source technology that allows creation of completely anonymous CPU-based cryptocurrencies. It proposes concepts and features, which haven't become mainstream in the altcoins yet. The only known digital currency to be based on CryptoNote is [[Bytecoin|Bytecoin [BCN]]].

== Features ==

=== Untraceable payments ===

Unlike traditional cryptocurrencies that mostly use unambiguous signatures to verify the transfer, CryptoNote utilizes ring signature. In this case the transaction is signed by a group of users. Thus, the verifier may only identify that one of them was a signer, but not who exactly that was. The public key of a user may appear in a large number of ring signatures even if it was already used to sign her own transaction.

=== Unlinkable transactions ===

CryptoNote automatically creates multiple unique one-time addresses for each of the payments, which are created from the single public key. Even though the payment is sent to a public address, in the block chain it appears as if sent to a one-time address.

The sender uses randam data and the public address of the receiver to calculate this one-time key of the payment. The redemption of the funds requires the receiver's private key, so only the latter may receive the money sent to the one-time address. Moreover, no third party can discover the link between the one-time key and the receiver's public address.

=== Double-spending proof ===

In spite of being anonymous, CryptoNote's ring signatures restrict the double-spending attempt by linking the transactions with the same private key. The protocol uses the key image, derived from a private key through a one-way function. All the users keep the list of all the used key images, which are checked against a new transaction. In case there is a duplicate key image, the transaction is rejected as a double-spending attempt. However, the identity of the sender would still be unknown, since it is impossible to get the private key from its image.

=== Block chain analysis resistance ===

CryptoNote creates an obstacle for an analyst by using ring signatures and one-time addresses covered above. Every address of the payment is a unique one-time key, which is created from both the sender's and the receiver's data, and the usage of ring signature hides the exact outputs that have been spent for the input. Therefore, each next transaction increases the number of possible senders and hides the actual connection even more.

=== Adaptive limits ===

There are no hard constants and magic numbers in CryptoNote. Each limit (e.g., max block size, or min fee amount) is re-calculated based on the historical data of the system. Moreover, the difficulty and the max block size are automatically adjusted with each new block.

=== Smooth emission ===

The coins are emitted smoothly, as the reward changes with each new block. This allows a predictable steady growth of money supply determined by the formula<ref>hhttps://cryptonote.org/inside.php#smooth-emission</ref>:

BaseReward = (MSupply - A) >> 18
MSupply = 2^64 - 1 (atomic units)

=== Egalitarian proof of work ===

CryptoNote uses [[CryptoNight]] hashing algorithm as its proof-of-work. Its main feature is that it is suitable only for the ordinary PCs, since CryptoNight utilizes built-in CPU instructions, which are too expensive to implement in the special purpose devices. Therefore, unlike Bitcoin, it allows preserving the equality among various users and prohibits centralization of the network in the hands of several miners.

== Origins ==

Little is known about CryptoNote's origins. The official website uses supposedly fake names for the team members, while the white paper's author is Nicolas van Saberhagen, which is also likely to be a pseudonym. The white paper "CryptoNote v 2.0" is dated back to October 2013<ref>https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf</ref>.

The developers have mentioned at CryptoNote's official forum that the team actually consists of cryptographers, developers, and economists, but their identities have to be concealed currently<ref>https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=21#p61</ref>. It was also mentioned that CryptoNote's team and Bytecoin's team have been developing the technology and the currency in a cooperation, but separated soon after the launch<ref>https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=21#p73</ref>.

CryptoNote is likely to have been under development for some time before Bytecoin's launch (July 2012), but there is no evidence of the exact years of R&D. CryptoNote's website mentions "2011—2014" in the footer.

== Implementation ==

The first alternate currency to be based on CryptoNote is [[Bytecoin]]. CryptoNote forum has a separate branch for those who would like to implement the protocol in another altcoin<ref>https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=7</ref>. However, the reference code is still Bytecoin<ref>https://forum.cryptonote.org/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=6#p8</ref>.

== See also ==

* [[Bytecoin]]
* [[CryptoNight]]

== External links ===

* [https://cryptonote.org CryptoNote website]
* [https://forum.cryptonote.org Official forum]
* [https://github.com/amjuarez/bytecoin Reference code]
* [https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf White paper]

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:Alternative cryptocurrencies]]
[[Category:Digital currencies]]
[[Category:Anonymity]]

Category:Anonymity

2014-04-21T10:20:35Z

Lunokhod: Created page with "Cryptocurrencies and protocols focussing on anonymity."

Cryptocurrencies and protocols focussing on anonymity.

Zerocoin

2014-04-21T10:17:52Z

Lunokhod:

'''Zerocoin''' is a proposed extension to the Bitcoin protocol that would add true cryptographic anonymity to bitcoin transactions. Given that bitcoin transactions are stored in a public ledger (in the block chain]), the history of any transaction can be traced. Zerocoin provides for anonymity by the introduction of a separate ''zerocoin'' cryptocurrency that is stored in the Bitcoin block chain. Zerocoins are purchased with bitcoin in fixed demoninations by a zerocoin mint transaction. Later, these zerocoins can be redeemed for bitcoin to a different bitcoin address by a zerocoin spend transaction. Through the use of cryptographic accumulators and digital commitments with zero-knowledge proofs, it is not possible to link the bitcoin address that was used to mint the original zerocoin to the bitcoin address used to redeem the zerocoin. Though originally proposed for use with the Bitcoin network, Zerocoin could be integrated into any [[cryptocurrency]].

==Rationale for Zerocoin==
Bitcoin transactions are all stored, by design, in a public ledger (the block chain) that is accessible to everyone. These transactions provide privacy through pseudonymity, in that while each transaction is associated with the public address of the sender and receiver, the names of the owners of these addresses are at no time made known to the Bitcoin network. To increase privacy, each person could create as many public addresses as they like, making it difficult to link transactions to the same person. If additional privacy were required, it is possible to launder bitcoin through a trusted third party, where the input coins are mixed in a large pool and output to a new address.<ref name="Bradbury">{{ cite news | title=How anonymous is Bitcoin? | last=Bradbury | first=Danny | date=7 June 2013 | work=CoinDesk | publisher=CoinDesk Ltd. | url=http://www.coindesk.com/how-anonymous-is-bitcoin/ | accessdate=8 February 2014 }}</ref>

Regardless of the best precautions, by data mining of the block chain, it becomes possible in certain cases to link a set of public addresses to a specific (unnamed) individual. For example, this could be done by the analysis of spending habits, or by having the change of a transaction from one public address being sent to another. Furthermore, by utilizing information external to the block chain, such as public bitcoin addresses posted on a web site, or the postal address used with a bitcoin purchase, the possibility exists that every single bitcoin transaction of a given person could be determined.

== Zerocoin protocol==

The Zerocoin<ref name="Miers">I. Miers, C. Garman, M. Green, and A. D. Rubin (2013). [http://spar.isi.jhu.edu/~mgreen/ZerocoinOakland.pdf| Zerocoin: Anonymous Distributed E-Cash from Bitcoin], 2013 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, IEEE Computer Society
Conference Publishing Services, 397–411, doi:10.1109/SP.2013.34</ref> extension to bitcoin would have functioned like a money laundering pool, temporarily pooling bitcoins together in exchange for a temporary currency called Zerocoins. While the laundering pool is an established concept already utilized by several currency laundering services, Zerocoin would have implemented this at the protocol level, eliminatating any reliance on trusted third parties. It anonymizes the exchanges to and from the pool using cryptographic principles, and as a proposed extension to the Bitcoin protocol, it would have recorded the transactions within Bitcoin's existing block chain.

The anonymity afforded by Zerocoin is the result of cryptographic operations involved with separate zerocoin mint and spend transactions.<ref name="Miers"/> To mint a zerocoin, a person generates a random serial number ''S'', and encrypts (that is commits) this into a coin ''C'' by use of second random number ''r''. In practice, ''C'' is a Pedersen Commitment. The coin ''C'' is added to a cryptographic accumulator by miners, and at the same time, the amount of bitcoin equal in value to the denomination of the zerocoin is added to a zerocoin escrow pool.

To redeem the zerocoin into bitcoin (preferably to a new public address) the owner of the coin needs to prove two things by way of a zero-knowledge proof. (A zero-knowledge proof is a method by which one party can prove to another that a given statement is true, without conveying any additional information apart from the fact that the statement is indeed true.) The first is that they know a coin ''C'' that belongs to the set of all other minted zerocoins (''C1'', ''C2'',... ''Cn''), without revealing which coin it is. In practice, this is done quickly by use of a one-way accumulator that does not reveal the members of the set. The second is that the person knows a number ''r'', that along with the serial number ''S'' corresponds to a zerocoin. The proof and serial number ''S'' are posted as a zerocoin spend transaction, where miners verify the proof and that the serial number ''S'' has not been spent previously. After verification, the transaction is posted to the blockchain, and the amount of bitcoin equal to the zerocoin denomination is transferred from the zerocoin escrow pool. Anonymity in the transaction is assured because the minted coin ''C'' is not linked to the serial number ''S'' used to redeem the coin.

One criticism of Zerocoin is the added computation time required by the process, which would need to have been performed primarily by bitcoin miners. If the proofs were posted to the block chain, this would also dramatically increase the size of the block chain.<ref name=peck2013>{{cite news | url=http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/networks/whos-who-in-bitcoin-zerocoin-hero-matthew-green | title=Who’s who in Bitcoin: Zerocoin hero Matthew Green | work=IEEE Spectrum | last=Peck | first=Morgan E. | date=24 October 2013 | accessdate=31 January 2014 | publisher=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}}</ref> To counter criticisms that the anonymity offered by Zerocoin would facilitate illegal activity, it has been suggested that a “back door”, or other features, could be added to the Zerocoin protocol to allow police to track money laundering.<ref>{{cite news | title=Bitcoin add-on makes your virtual purchases private | date=13 March 2013 | last=Hodson | first=Hal | work=NewScientist | publisher=Reed Business Information Ltd. | url=http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/onepercent/2013/03/bitcoin-zerocoin.html | accessdate=8 February 2014 }}</ref>

==Extensions of Zerocoin==

Recognizing that Bitcoin was unlikely to be implement Zerocoin, the authors of Zerocoin expressed hope that other cryptocurrencies would incorporate Zerocoin anonymity features.<ref name="Bradbury" /> Currently, Zerocoin is being implemented in the alternative cryptocurrency Anoncoin.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://anoncoin.net |accessdate=2014-04-03|title=AnonCoin}}</ref> In addition, Zerocoin developer Matthew Green announced that Zerocoin would be released as an independent [[cryptocurrency]], going into circulation in May 2014 “in some sort of beta program”.<ref name=greenberg2014>{{cite news|last=Greenberg | first=Andy | date=13 January 2014 | url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2014/01/13/bitcoin-anonymity-upgrade-zerocoin-to-become-its-own-cryptocurrency/ |title=Bitcoin Anonymity Upgrade Zerocoin To Become An Independent Cryptocurrency |work=Forbes|publisher=Forbes Inc. |accessdate=2014-01-30}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

==See also==
* [http://zerocoin.org Official Zerocoin website]
* [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=152786.0 Zerocoin Bitcointalk forum]
* [http://research.microsoft.com/apps/video/default.aspx?id=192058 Zerocoin presentation (Microsoft research)]

[[Category:Anonymity]]