Bitcoin Wiki - User contributions [en]

Original Bitcoin client/API calls list

2015-01-20T02:04:05Z

C0ldfusi0nz: adding link to bitcoin.org developer guide

Bitcoin API call list (as of version 0.8.0)

Note: up-to-date API reference can be [https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#bitcoin-core-apis found here].

== Common operations ==

=== Listing my bitcoin addresses ===

Listing the bitcoin [[address|addresses]] in your wallet is easily done via ''listreceivedbyaddress''. It normally lists only addresses which already have received transactions, however you can list all the addresses by setting the first argument to 0, and the second one to true.

[[accounts explained|Accounts]] are used to organize addresses.

== Full list ==

Required arguments are denoted inside < and > Optional arguments are inside [ and ].

{|class="wikitable"
! Command !! Parameters !! Description !! Requires unlocked wallet? (v0.4.0+)
|-
| addmultisigaddress || <nrequired> <'["key","key"]'> [account] || Add a nrequired-to-sign multisignature address to the wallet. Each key is a bitcoin address or hex-encoded public key. If [account] is specified, assign address to [account]. Returns a string containing the address. || N
|-
| addnode || <node> <add/remove/onetry> || '''version 0.8''' Attempts add or remove <node> from the addnode list or try a connection to <node> once. || N
|-
| backupwallet || <destination> || Safely copies wallet.dat to destination, which can be a directory or a path with filename. || N
|-
| createmultisig || <nrequired> <'["key,"key"]'> || Creates a multi-signature address and returns a json object ||
|-
| createrawtransaction || [{"txid":txid,"vout":n},...] {address:amount,...} || '''version 0.7''' Creates a [[Raw Transactions|raw transaction]] spending given inputs. || N
|-
| decoderawtransaction || <hex string> || '''version 0.7''' Produces a human-readable JSON object for a [[Raw Transactions|raw transaction]]. || N
|-
| dumpprivkey || <bitcoinaddress> || Reveals the private key corresponding to <bitcoinaddress> || Y
|-
| encryptwallet || <passphrase> || Encrypts the wallet with <passphrase>. || N
|-
| getaccount || <bitcoinaddress> || Returns the account associated with the given address. || N
|-
| getaccountaddress || <account> || Returns the current bitcoin address for receiving payments to this account. If <account> does not exist, it will be created along with an associated new address that will be returned. || N
|-
| getaddednodeinfo || <dns> [node] || '''version 0.8''' Returns information about the given added node, or all added nodes
(note that onetry addnodes are not listed here)
If dns is false, only a list of added nodes will be provided,
otherwise connected information will also be available.
|-
| getaddressesbyaccount || <account> || Returns the list of addresses for the given account. || N
|-
| getbalance || [account] [minconf=1] || If [account] is not specified, returns the server's total available balance. If [account] is specified, returns the balance in the account. || N
|-
| getbestblockhash || || '''version 0.9''' Returns the hash of the best (tip) block in the longest block chain. || N
|-
| getblock || <hash> || Returns information about the block with the given hash. || N
|-
| getblockcount || || Returns the number of blocks in the longest block chain. || N
|-
| getblockhash || <index> || Returns hash of block in best-block-chain at <index>; index 0 is the [[genesis block]] || N
|-
| getblocknumber || || '''Deprecated'''. '''Removed in version 0.7'''. Use getblockcount. || N
|-
| getblocktemplate || [params] || Returns data needed to construct a block to work on. See [[ BIP_0022]] for more info on params.|| N
|-
| getconnectioncount || || Returns the number of connections to other nodes. || N
|-
| getdifficulty || || Returns the proof-of-work difficulty as a multiple of the minimum difficulty. || N
|-
| getgenerate || || Returns true or false whether bitcoind is currently generating hashes || N
|-
| gethashespersec || || Returns a recent hashes per second performance measurement while generating. || N
|-
| getinfo || || Returns an object containing various state info. || N
|-
| getmemorypool || [data] || '''Replaced in v0.7.0 with getblocktemplate, submitblock, getrawmempool''' || N
|-
| getmininginfo || || Returns an object containing mining-related information:
* blocks
* currentblocksize
* currentblocktx
* difficulty
* errors
* generate
* genproclimit
* hashespersec
* pooledtx
* testnet
|| N
|-
| getnewaddress || [account] || Returns a new bitcoin address for receiving payments. If [account] is specified payments received with the address will be credited to [account]. || N
|-
| getpeerinfo || || '''version 0.7''' Returns data about each connected node. || N
|-
| getrawchangeaddress || [account]|| '''version 0.9''' Returns a new Bitcoin address, for receiving change. This is for use with raw transactions, NOT normal use. || N
|-
| getrawmempool || || '''version 0.7''' Returns all transaction ids in memory pool || N
|-
| getrawtransaction || <txid> [verbose=0] || '''version 0.7''' Returns [[Raw Transactions|raw transaction]] representation for given transaction id. || N
|-
| getreceivedbyaccount || [account] [minconf=1] || Returns the total amount received by addresses with [account] in transactions with at least [minconf] confirmations. If [account] not provided return will include all transactions to all accounts. (version 0.3.24) || N
|-
| getreceivedbyaddress || <bitcoinaddress> [minconf=1] || Returns the amount received by <bitcoinaddress> in transactions with at least [minconf] confirmations. It correctly handles the case where someone has sent to the address in multiple transactions. Keep in mind that addresses are only ever used for receiving transactions. Works only for addresses in the local wallet, external addresses will always show 0. || N
|-
| gettransaction || <txid> || Returns an object about the given transaction containing:
* "amount" : total amount of the transaction
* "confirmations" : number of confirmations of the transaction
* "txid" : the transaction ID
* "time" : time associated with the transaction<ref>From block timestamp, unless transaction was already in memory pool then the local time when the client added the transaction to its memory pool</ref>.
* "details" - An array of objects containing:
** "account"
** "address"
** "category"
** "amount"
** "fee"
|| N
|-
| gettxout || <txid> <n> [includemempool=true] || Returns details about an unspent transaction output (UTXO) || N
|-
| gettxoutsetinfo || || Returns statistics about the unspent transaction output (UTXO) set || N
|-
| [[getwork]] || [data] || If [data] is not specified, returns formatted hash data to work on:
* "midstate" : precomputed hash state after hashing the first half of the data
* "data" : block data
* "hash1" : formatted hash buffer for second hash
* "target" : little endian hash target
If [data] is specified, tries to solve the block and returns true if it was successful.
|| N
|-
| help || [command] || List commands, or get help for a command. || N
|-
| importprivkey || <bitcoinprivkey> [label] [rescan=true]|| Adds a private key (as returned by dumpprivkey) to your wallet. This may take a while, as a [[How_to_import_private_keys#Import_Private_key.28s.29|rescan]] is done, looking for existing transactions. '''Optional [rescan] parameter added in 0.8.0.''' Note: There's no need to import public key, as in [[Elliptic_Curve_Digital_Signature_Algorithm|ECDSA]] (unlike RSA) this can be computed from private key. || Y
|-
| keypoolrefill || || Fills the keypool, requires wallet passphrase to be set. || Y
|-
| listaccounts || [minconf=1] || Returns Object that has account names as keys, account balances as values. || N
|-
| listaddressgroupings || || '''version 0.7''' Returns all addresses in the wallet and info used for coincontrol. || N
|-
| listreceivedbyaccount || [minconf=1] [includeempty=false] || Returns an array of objects containing:
* "account" : the account of the receiving addresses
* "amount" : total amount received by addresses with this account
* "confirmations" : number of confirmations of the most recent transaction included
|| N
|-
| listreceivedbyaddress || [minconf=1] [includeempty=false] || Returns an array of objects containing:
* "address" : receiving address
* "account" : the account of the receiving address
* "amount" : total amount received by the address
* "confirmations" : number of confirmations of the most recent transaction included
To get a list of accounts on the system, execute bitcoind listreceivedbyaddress 0 true
|| N
|-
| listsinceblock|| [blockhash] [target-confirmations] || Get all transactions in blocks since block [blockhash], or all transactions if omitted. [target-confirmations] intentionally '''does not''' affect the list of returned transactions, but only affects the returned "lastblock" value.[https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/199#issuecomment-1514952] || N
|-
| listtransactions || [account] [count=10] [from=0] || Returns up to [count] most recent transactions skipping the first [from] transactions for account [account]. If [account] not provided it'll return recent transactions from all accounts.
|| N
|-
| listunspent || [minconf=1] [maxconf=999999] || '''version 0.7''' Returns array of unspent transaction inputs in the wallet. || N
|-
| listlockunspent || || '''version 0.8''' Returns list of temporarily unspendable outputs
|-
| lockunspent || <unlock?> [array-of-objects] || '''version 0.8''' Updates list of temporarily unspendable outputs
|-
| move || <fromaccount> <toaccount> <amount> [minconf=1] [comment] || Move from one account in your wallet to another || N
|-
| sendfrom || <fromaccount> <tobitcoinaddress> <amount> [minconf=1] [comment] [comment-to] || <amount> is a real and is rounded to 8 decimal places. Will send the given amount to the given address, ensuring the account has a valid balance using [minconf] confirmations. Returns the transaction ID if successful (not in JSON object). || Y
|-
| sendmany || <fromaccount> {address:amount,...} [minconf=1] [comment] || amounts are double-precision floating point numbers || Y
|-
| sendrawtransaction || <hexstring> || '''version 0.7''' Submits [[Raw Transactions|raw transaction]] (serialized, hex-encoded) to local node and network. || N
|-
| sendtoaddress || <bitcoinaddress> <amount> [comment] [comment-to] || <amount> is a real and is rounded to 8 decimal places. Returns the transaction ID <txid> if successful. || Y
|-
| setaccount || <bitcoinaddress> <account> || Sets the account associated with the given address. Assigning address that is already assigned to the same account will create a new address associated with that account. || N
|-
| setgenerate || <generate> [genproclimit] || <generate> is true or false to turn generation on or off. Generation is limited to [genproclimit] processors, -1 is unlimited. || N
|-
| settxfee || <amount> || <amount> is a real and is rounded to the nearest 0.00000001 || N
|-
| signmessage || <bitcoinaddress> <message> || Sign a message with the private key of an address. || Y
|-
| signrawtransaction || <hexstring> [{"txid":txid,"vout":n,"scriptPubKey":hex},...] [<privatekey1>,...] || '''version 0.7''' Adds signatures to a [[Raw Transactions|raw transaction]] and returns the resulting raw transaction. || Y/N
|-
| stop || || Stop bitcoin server. || N
|-
| submitblock || <hex data> [optional-params-obj] || Attempts to submit new block to network. || N
|-
| validateaddress || <bitcoinaddress> || Return information about <bitcoinaddress>. || N
|-
| verifymessage || <bitcoinaddress> <signature> <message> || Verify a signed message. || N
|-
| walletlock || || Removes the wallet encryption key from memory, locking the wallet. After calling this method, you will need to call walletpassphrase again before being able to call any methods which require the wallet to be unlocked. || N
|-
| walletpassphrase || <passphrase> <timeout> || Stores the wallet decryption key in memory for <timeout> seconds. || N
|-
| walletpassphrasechange || <oldpassphrase> <newpassphrase> || Changes the wallet passphrase from <oldpassphrase> to <newpassphrase>. || N

|}

==Error Codes==

See [https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/rpcprotocol.h#L34 rpcprotocol.h] for the list of error codes and their meanings.

==See Also==

* [[Original Bitcoin client]]
* [[Running Bitcoin]]
* [[Protocol specification]]
* [[API reference (JSON-RPC)]]
* [[Lazy_API]]
* [[Elis-API]] - A more detailed version of this page - for developers!
* [http://code.gogulski.com/bitcoin-php/class_bitcoin_client.html PHP BitcoinClient Class Reference]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Technical]]
[[Category:Developer]]

Research

2014-10-23T14:08:01Z

C0ldfusi0nz: adding "Bitcoin over Tor isn’t a good idea"

Publications including research and analysis of Bitcoin or related areas.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Title
! Author
! width=150 | Type
! width=75 | Date
! Links
|-
| Cyberlaundering: Anonymous Digital Cash and Money Laundering
| R. Mark Bortner
| Research paper
| 1996
| [http://osaka.law.miami.edu/~froomkin/seminar/papers/bortner.htm Download]
|-
| Triple Entry Accounting
| Ian Grigg
| Research paper
| 2005-12-25
| [http://iang.org/papers/triple_entry.html Download]
|-
| [[Bitcoin_whitepaper|Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System]]
| [[Satoshi Nakamoto]]
| Research paper
| 2008-10-31
| [http://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf Download]
|-
| An Analysis of Anonymity in the Bitcoin System
| Fergal Reid, Martin Harrigan
| Research paper
| 2011-07-22
| [http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.4524 Download], [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=31539.0 discussion]
|-
| Shadowy Figures: Tracking Illicit Financial Transactions in the Murky World of Digital Currencies, Peer–to–Peer Networks, and Mobile Device Payments
| John Villasenor, Cody Monk, Christopher Bronk
| Research paper
| 2011-08-29
| [http://www.bakerinstitute.org/publications/ITP-pub-FinancialTransactions-082911.pdf Download]
|-
| Bitcoin: An Innovative Alternative Digital Currency
| Reuben Grinberg
| Research paper
| 2011-12-09
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1817857 Download], [http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=6247.0 discussion]
|-
| Bitcoin NFC
| David Allen Bronleewe
| Master's report
| 2011-08
| [http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-4150/BRONLEEWE-MASTERS-REPORT.pdf?sequence=1 Download], [http://code.google.com/p/bitcoin-nfc source code]
|-
| Optimal pool abuse strategy
| Raulo
| Research paper
| 2011-02-04
| [http://bitcoin.atspace.com/poolcheating.pdf Download], [http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3165.0 discussion]
|-
| Abusing Bitcoin cooperative mining pools: strategies for egoistical but honest miners
| Nakamoto Ryo
| Research paper
| 2011
| [http://www.bitcoinservice.co.uk/files/111 Download], [http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=2941.0 discussion]
|-
| Analysis of Bitcoin Pooled Mining Reward Systems
| Meni Rosenfeld
| Research paper
| 2011-11-07
| [https://bitcoil.co.il/pool_analysis.pdf Download], [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=32814.0 discussion]
|-
| Bitcoin Exchange system
| Tomáš Jiříček
| Research paper
| 2012
| [https://dip.felk.cvut.cz/browse/pdfcache/jiricto2_2012bach.pdf Download]
|-
| On Bitcoin and Red Balloons
| Moshe Babaioff, Shahar Dobzinski, Sigal Oren, Aviv Zohar
| Publication article
| 2012
| [http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/156072/bitcoin.pdf Download]
|-
| 2011 Observations on the Digital Currency Industry
| Mark Herpel
| Publication article
| 2011
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1721076 Download]
|-
| MAVE, New Lightweight Digital Signature Protocols for Massive Verifications
| Sergio Demian Lerner
| Research paper (preliminary)
| 2012
| [http://bitslog.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/mave1.pdf Download]
|-
| MAVEPAY, a New Lightweight Payment Scheme for Peer to Peer Currency Networks
| Sergio Demian Lerner
| Research paper (preliminary)
| 2012
| [http://bitslog.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/mavepay1.pdf Download]
|-
| Bitcoin: Eine erste Einordnung (an initial classification)
| Christoph Sorge, Artus Krohn-Grimberghe
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://www.springerlink.com/content/cw1v762571tr4462/ Download], [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=90233.0 discussion]
|-
| Bitcoin - an introduction to the workings and a preliminary analysis and understanding of potential legal issues
| Jean-Daniel Schmid, Alexander Schmid
| Article
| 2012
| [http://ef-r.ch/images/publications/1338882576_Bitcoin.pdf Download]
|-
| Secure multiparty Bitcoin anonymization
| Edward Z. Yang
| Article
| 2012
| [http://blog.ezyang.com/2012/07/secure-multiparty-bitcoin-anonymization/ Download], [http://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/wvm2w/secure_multiparty_bitcoin_anonymization/ discussion]
|-
| Bitcoin & Gresham's Law - the economic inevitability of Collapse
| Philipp Güring, Ian Grigg
| Article
| 2011
| [http://iang.org/papers/BitcoinBreachesGreshamsLaw.pdf Download]
|-
| Today Techies, Tomorrow the World? Bitcoin.
| Reuben Grinberg
| Article
| 2012
| [http://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/review/2012_1/22-31MR53.pdf Download]
|-
| Traveling the Silk Road: A measurement analysis of a large anonymous online marketplace
| Nicolas Christin
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://www.cylab.cmu.edu/files/pdfs/tech_reports/CMUCyLab12018.pdf Download]
|-
| CommitCoin: Carbon Dating Commitments with Bitcoin
| Jeremy Clark and Aleksander Essex
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://people.scs.carleton.ca/~clark/papers/2012_fc.pdf Download extended abstract] [http://eprint.iacr.org/2011/677.pdf Download technical report]
|-
| Quantitative Analysis of the Full Bitcoin Transaction Graph
| Dorit Ron and Adi Shamir
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://eprint.iacr.org/2012/584.pdf Download]
|-
| Design and security analysis of Bitcoin infrastructure using application deployed on Google Apps Engine
| Piotr "ThePiachu" Piasecki
| Master's thesis
| 2012
| [https://dl.dropbox.com/u/3658181/PiotrPiasecki-BitcoinMasterThesis.pdf Download], [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=88149.0 discussion]
|-
| The Production of Freedom: Value Production in the US- dominated Financial System, and Possible Alternatives
| Jeremy Kirshbaum
| Master's thesis (preliminary)
| 2012
| [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JIyMWIibqH8x20vGBTMBZ2yqM7Xbp54UpWBh0o2H7WI/edit?pli=1 Download], [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=87404.0 discussion]
|-
| COIN: a distributed accounting system for peer to peer networks
| Fabio Varesano
| Bachelor's thesis
| 2012
| [http://www.varesano.net/contents/projects/coin%20distributed%20accounting%20system%20peer%20peer%20networks Download]
|-
| BITCOIN CLIENTS
| Rostislav Skudnov
| Bachelor's thesis
| 2012
| [http://publications.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/47166/Skudnov_Rostislav.pdf?sequence=1 Download]
|-
| Bitter to Better—How to Make Bitcoin a Better Currency
| Simon Barber, Xavier Boyen, Elaine Shi, Ersin Uzun
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://crypto.stanford.edu/~xb/fc12/bitcoin.pdf Download]
|-
| NooShare: A decentralized ledger of shared computational resources
| Alex Coventry
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://mit.edu/alex_c/www/nooshare.pdf Download]
|-
| Bits and Bets. Information, Price Volatility, and Demand for Bitcoin
| Martis Buchholz, Jess Delaney, Joseph Warren
| Final project
| 2012
| [http://academic.reed.edu/economics/parker/s12/312/finalproj/Bitcoin.pdf Download], [http://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/x7kop/economic_analysis_of_the_demand_for_bitcoin discussion], [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=96003.0 discussion]
|-
| Two Bitcoins at the Price of One? Double Spending attacks on Fast Payments in Bitcoin
| Ghassan O. Karame, Elli Androulaki, Srdjan Cap-kun
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://eprint.iacr.org/2012/248 Download]
|-
| Nerdy Money: Bitcoin, the Private Digital Currency, and the Case Against Its Regulation
| Nikolei M. Kaplanov
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2115203 Abstract]
|-
| Analysis of hashrate-based double-spending
| Meni Rosenfeld
| Research paper
| 2012
| [https://bitcoil.co.il/Doublespend.pdf Download]
|-
| Homomorphic Payment Addresses and the Pay-to-Contract Protocol
| Ilja Gerhardt, Timo Hanke
| Research Paper
| 2012
| [http://arxiv.org/pdf/1212.3257v1 Download] ([http://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fpdf%2F1212.325qq7v1 via web viewer])
|-
| Quasi-Commodity Money (February 6, 2012). "This paper considers reform possibilities posed by a type of base money that has heretofore been overlooked in the literature on monetary economics."
| George Selgin
| Working Papers Series
| 2012
| [http://ssrn.com/abstract=2000118 Download]
|-
| Virtual currency schemes - "This report is a first attempt to provide the basis for a discussion on virtual currency schemes."
| European Central Bank
| Paper
| 2012
| [http://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/virtualcurrencyschemes201210en.pdf Download]
|-
| Evaluating User Privacy in Bitcoin
| Elli Androulaki, Ghassan Karame, Marc Roeschlin, Tobias Scherer and Srdjan Capkun
| Paper
| 2013
| [http://fc13.ifca.ai/proc/1-3.pdf Download] ([http://fc13.ifca.ai/slide/1-3.pdf Slides])
|-
| Beware the Middleman: Empirical Analysis of Bitcoin-Exchange Risk
| Tyler Moore and Nicolas Christin
| Short Paper
| 2013
| [http://fc13.ifca.ai/proc/1-2.pdf Download] ([http://fc13.ifca.ai/slide/1-2.pdf Slides])
|-
| Bitcoin, Regulating Fraud In The E-Conomy Of Hacker-Cash
| Derek A. Dion
| Paper
| 2013
| [http://illinoisjltp.com/journal/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Dion.pdf Download]
|-
| The practical materiality of Bitcoin
| Bill Maurera, Taylor C. Nelmsa & Lana Swartz
| Paper
| 2013
| [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10350330.2013.777594#.UbbTVaD_6b4 Download]
|-
| Regulating Digital Currencies: Bringing Bitcoin within the Reach of the IMF
| Nicholas Plassaras
| Paper
| 2013
| [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2248419 Download]
|-
| Bitcoin is Memory
| William J. Luther, Josiah Olson
| Paper
| 2013
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2275730 Download]
|-
| The Economics of Bitcoin Mining or, Bitcoin in the Presence of Adversaries
| Joshua A. Kroll, Ian C. Davey, and Edward W. Felten
| Paper
| 2013
| [http://www.weis2013.econinfosec.org/papers/KrollDaveyFeltenWEIS2013.pdf Download]
|-
| Bitcoin: A Primer for Policymakers
| Jerry Brito, Andrea Castillo
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://mercatus.org/publication/bitcoin-primer-policymakers Abstract] [http://mercatus.org/sites/default/files/Brito_BitcoinPrimer.pdf Download]
|-
| Whack-a-Mole: Prosecuting Digital Currency Exchanges
| Catherine Martin Christopher
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2312787 Abstract]
[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2312787_code1372021.pdf?abstractid=2312787&mirid=2 Download]
|-
| Are Cryptocurrencies 'Super' Tax Havens?
| Omri Y. Marian
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2305863 Abstract]
[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2316499_code592645.pdf?abstractid=2305863&mirid=1 Download]
|-
| Collective Emergent Institutional Entrepreneurship Through Bitcoin
| Robin Teigland, Zeynep Yetis and Tomas Olov Larsson
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2263707 Abstract]
[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2263707_code2053543.pdf?abstractid=2263707&mirid=1 Download]
|-
| Anonymity of Bitcoin Transactions
| Malte Möser
| Research paper
| 2013
| [https://www.wi.uni-muenster.de/sites/default/files/public/department/itsecurity/mbc13/mbc13-moeser-paper.pdf Download]
|-
| On the origins of Bitcoin: Stages of monetary evolution
| Konrad S. Graf
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://konradsgraf.com/blog1/2013/10/23/on-the-origins-of-bitcoin-my-new-work-on-bitcoin-and-monetar.html Abstract]
[http://konradsgraf.com/storage/On%20the%20Origins%20of%20Bitcoin%20Graf%2023.10.13.pdf Download]
|-
| Majority is not Enough: Bitcoin Mining is Vulnerable
| Ittay Eyal and Emin Gun Sirer
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.0243 Abstract]
[http://arxiv.org/pdf/1311.0243v1 Download]
|-
| Bitcoin, the end of the Taboo on Money
| Denis Roio aka Jaromil
| Humanities article
| 2013
| [http://www.dyndy.net/2013/04/bitcoin-ends-the-taboo-on-money/ Abstract]
[https://files.dyne.org/readers/Bitcoin_end_of_taboo_on_money.pdf Download]
|-
| Secure Multiparty Computations on BitCoin
| Marcin Andrychowicz, Stefan Dziembowski, Daniel Malinowski and Łukasz Mazurek University of Warsaw
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://eprint.iacr.org/2013/784 Abstract]
[http://eprint.iacr.org/eprint-bin/cite.pl?entry=2013/784 BibTeX]
[http://eprint.iacr.org/2013/784.pdf Download]
|-
| A Fistful of Bitcoins: Characterizing Payments Among Men with No Names
| Sarah Meiklejohn, Marjori Pomarole, Grant Jordan, Kirill Levchenko, Damon McCoy, Geoffrey M. Voelker, Stefan Savage
| Research paper
| 2013
|
[http://www.cs.gmu.edu/~mccoy/papers/imc13.pdf Download]
|-
| Information Propagation in the Bitcoin Network
| Christian Decker (ETH Zurich, Switzerland), Roger Wattenhofer (Microsoft Research)
| Research paper
| 2013
|
[http://www.tik.ee.ethz.ch/file/49318d3f56c1d525aabf7fda78b23fc0/P2P2013_041.pdf Download]
|-
| Have a Snack, Pay with Bitcoins
| Tobias Bamert, Christian Decker, Lennart Elsen, Roger Wattenhofer, Samuel Welten
| Research paper
| 2013
|
[http://www.tik.ee.ethz.ch/file/848064fa2e80f88a57aef43d7d5956c6/P2P2013_093.pdf Download]
|-
| The Economics of Private Digital Currency
| Gerald P Dwyer
| Research paper
| 2014
| [http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55824/ Abstract]
[http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55824/1/MPRA_paper_55824.pdf Download]
|-
| The Origin, Classification and Utility of Bitcoin
| Peter Šurda
| Research Paper
| 2014
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2436823 Abstract]
|-
| Deanonymisation of clients in Bitcoin P2P network
| Alex Biryukov, Dmitry Khovratovich and Ivan Pustogarov
| Research Paper
| 2014
| [http://arxiv.org/abs/1405.7418 Abstract] [http://arxiv.org/pdf/1405.7418v2.pdf Download]
|-
| Bitcoin Financial Regulation: Securities, Derivatives, Prediction Markets, & Gambling
| Jerry Brito, Houman B. Shadab, Andrea Castillo
| Research Paper
| 2014
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2423461 Abstract] [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2426195_code510873.pdf?abstractid=2423461&mirid=1 Download]
|-
| What are the main drivers of the Bitcoin price?
| Ladislav Kristoufek
| Research Paper
| 2014
| [http://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.0268v1.pdf Download]
|-
| The Economics of Bitcoin
| Andre Herman
| Bachelor's thesis
| 2014
| [http://www.scribd.com/doc/231964435/The-Economics-of-Bitcoin Download]
|-
| Near Zero Bitcoin Transaction Fees Cannot Last Forever
| Kerem Kaşkaloğlu
| Research Paper
| 2014
| [http://sdiwc.net/digital-library/near-zero-bitcoin-transaction-fees-cannot-last-forever.html Abstract] [http://sdiwc.net/digital-library/request.php?article=96cd6f6067fcbaf5e3947d071aa688fb Download]
|-
| Is Bitcoin Money?
| Ísak Andri Ólafsson
| Thesis Paper
| 2014
| [http://skemman.is/en/item/view/1946/18234 Abstract] [http://skemman.is/en/stream/get/1946/18234/42843/1/MS_%C3%8Dsak_Andri_%C3%93lafsson.pdf Download]
|-
| The (A)Political Economy of Bitcoin
| Vasilis Kostakis and Chris Giotitsas
| Essay
| 2014
| [http://www.triple-c.at/index.php/tripleC/article/view/606/578 HTML] [http://www.triple-c.at/index.php/tripleC/article/download/606/562 Download]
|-
| When your sensor earns money: exchanging data for cash with Bitcoin
| Dominic Wörner and Thomas von Bomhard
| Research
| 2014
| [http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2638786 Abstract] [http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2638786&ftid=1500778&dwn=1&CFID=579517323&CFTOKEN=37552107 Download]
|-
| Bitcoin Transaction Malleability and MtGox
| Christian Decker, Roger Wattenhofer
| Research
| 2014
| [http://www.tik.ee.ethz.ch/file/7e4a7f3f2991784786037285f4876f5c/malleability.pdf Download]
|-
| BlueWallet: The Secure Bitcoin Wallet
| Tobias Bamert, Christian Decker, Roger Wattenhofer and Samuel Welten
| Research
| 2014
| [http://www.tik.ee.ethz.ch/file/0c347a9a3803cb937d360cba511e5019/stm2014_submission_12.pdf Download]
|-
| Bitcoin over Tor isn’t a good idea
| Alex Biryukov and Ivan Pustogarov
| Research
| 2014
| [http://arxiv.org/pdf/1410.6079v1.pdf Download]

|}

==See Also==

* [http://www.opencryptocurrencyreview.com/ OpenCryptocurrencyReview - A repository of Bitcoin and related research]
* [http://people.scs.carleton.ca/~clark/biblio.html Jeremy Clark's Bitcoin Bibliography]
* [[:Category:Economics|Economic]]
* [[:Category:Technical|Technical]]
* [[Press]]

[[Category:Research]]

Mt. Gox

2014-08-12T17:58:14Z

C0ldfusi0nz: /* Bankruptcy and shutdown */ remove link to nonexistant article

{{outdated}}{{infobox company|name=MtGox|image=[[File:MtGox.png|256px]]
|trading_name=Mt. Gox
|industry=[[Exchange|Fiat exchange]]
|foundation=July 18, 2010
|defunct=February 25, 2014
|location=Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan
|founder=[[Jed McCaleb]]
|owner=[[Mark Karpeles]]
|parent=[[Tibanne Ltd.]]
|pairs=USD/BTC EUR/BTC CAD/BTC GBP/BTC CHF/BTC RUB/BTC AUD/BTC SEK/BTC DKK/BTC HKD/BTC PLN/BTC CNY/BTC SGD/BTC TBH/BTC NZD/BTC JPY/BTC
|website=https://mtgox.com
}}'''MtGox''', called "Mount Gox" or simply "Gox", was the most widely used bitcoin [[currency exchange]] market from 2010-2013<ref>2011-06-07 on #bitcoin-otc: "MagicalTux: you could use the count of users on mtgox (went over 30k recently)"</ref> since it was started. The market was closed February 25, 2014.

A registrant on MtGox had at least two sub-accounts: one for bitcoins (BTC), and one for US dollars (USD or MTGUSD) or other national currency. Bitcoins were bought using funds from the trader's national currency account, and the proceeds from the sale of bitcoins were deposited into the same account. Trading always involved bitcoins as trading between different national currencies was not offered.

Trades on Mt. Gox's executed from balances on deposit with the exchange which in turn made trading on the market instantaneous, compared to most other Bitcoin markets of the time where a subsequent settlement occurred manually between the trading partners. The disadvantage of this was that a third party had to be trusted with keeping the money safe.

MtGox was originally started by Jed McCaleb in July 2010, and was sold to [[Tibanne Co.]] in Japan in March 2011. It was operated by Tibanne Co., managed by Mark Karpeles (MagicalTux).

==Trading==
===Buying and selling===

A buy order was executed partially or in full when the price bid could be matched against a sell order that was at or below the bid amount. A sell order was executed partially or in full when the price asked could be matched against a buy order that was at or above the ask amount. Orders that could not be matched immediately remain in the orderbook.

Unfunded orders did not appear in the order book, but were automatically inserted when a deposit was credited. For example, Mt. Gox allowed the entry of a "buy" order even if the account had insufficient funds. If possible, Mt. Gox would execute a portion of the order if it could be partially funded. If a deposit was later credited and the deposit resolves the insufficient funds status of an outstanding order, the order would be immediately activated, and if possible, executed.

===Fees===

Mt. Gox charged a trading fee of up to 0.6% from each party of successful trades made through the market. The fee appeared in the account history next to each trade. The trading fee was discounted for larger customers based on volume, which was calculated as a sliding window over the last 720 hours (30 days).

The fees were, by default, subtracted from the proceeds of each trade (e.g., a buy of 1.0 BTC will add to the account balance 0.994 BTC when the exchange fee is 0.6%). An account setting would allow fees to be added to the purchase amount instead (e.g., buying 1.0 BTC at $5 will cost about $5.03 when the exchange fee is 0.6%).

==Adding Funds==

===BTC===
There were no fees incurred when transferring bitcoins to a Mt. Gox account.

Funds were available once [[confirmation|confirmed]] (6 blocks)<ref>[http://www.bitcoin.org/smf/index.php?topic=3851.msg55220#msg55220 How long does it take to Deposit bitcoins to MtGox?]</ref>, a process that could take roughly an hour.

The deposit address was presented along with a QR code that can be scanned with a mobile. This address did not change with each deposit request.

The Add Bitcoins function experienced issues with some browser ad-blocking utilities even though no advertisements were displayed on the website.

====Redeemable Code====

Bitcoins from another Mt. Gox user sent by Mt. Gox [[redeemable code]] (A.K.A. "coupon") could be deposited and would be available for trading.

===OKPay===

[[OKPay]] could be used for depositing funds to USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, and RUB<ref>[https://support.mtgox.com/entries/21034626-okpay OKPAY]</ref>.

===Cash Deposit===

====U.S. (USD)====
* BitInstant - Cash (U.S. dollars) could be deposited at any of thousands of banks, 7-11, Walmart, CVS, Moneygram and more that [[BitInstant]] uses to transfer funds to your Mt. Gox account.

====Brazil (BRL)====
* BitInstant - Cash (Brazilian real) could be deposited using Boleto or through Banco Recomendito.

====Brazil (BRL)====
* BitInstant - Cash (Russian rubles) could be deposited using QIWI or Cyberplat

====UK (GBP)====
* Barclays - Cash (British pound sterling) could be deposited at any Barclays location. There was a 1.5% fee on deposits made with this method<ref>[https://mtgox.com/press_release_20120806.html Introducing a new 1.5% fee on Barclays cash deposit]</ref>.

===Bank Wire===

====International USD====
Funds in USD could be wired to the exchange's bank in Japan. Each wire is subject to a per-wire fee plus any intermediate fees.

====International Wire====

An account can be configured with a wallet for each of the currencies that the exchange supports<ref>[https://mtgox.zendesk.com/entries/20413328-mt-gox-opens-15-new-currency-markets Mt.Gox Opens 15 New Currency Markets]</ref>. When a wire is received in one of these currencies, that account will be credited.

* USD - U.S. Dollar
* EUR - Euro (SEPA or Int'l wire)
* CAD - Canadian Dollar
* GBP - British Pound (Domestic or Int'l wire)
* CHF - Swiss Francs
* RUB - Russian Rubles
* AUD - Australian Dollars
* SEK - Swedish Krona
* DKK - Danish Krona
* HKD - Hong Kong Dollars
* PLN - Polish Zloty (Domestic or Int'l wire)
* CNY - Chinese Yuan
* SGD - Singapore Dollars
* TBH - Thai Baht
* NZD - New Zealand Dollars
* JPY - Japanese Yen (Domestic or Int'l wire)

===Direct Deposit===
====EU====

Funds in EUR could be added using SEPA Direct Debit for free, with funds convert to USD at the current ECB rate at the time the funds were received<ref>[http://www.bitcoin.org/smf/index.php?topic=5461.0 MTGox: Euro deposits]</ref>.

====U.S.====

Mt. Gox doesn't directly support an ACH-based (direct deposit) deposit method. Dwolla supports ACH-based fund transfers and those funds can then be deposited with Mt. Gox.

====UK====

Funds could be sent as a GBP direct deposit free of charge.

====Australia====

Funds could be sent using direct deposit (BPay) for a AU$2.00 per-deposit fee. The funds will be converted to USD at the current rate.

==Withdrawing Funds==

MtGox imposes a $1,000 USD limit for withdrawals per 24 hours and a $10,000 USD limit for withdrawals per month with most non-verified accounts. Bitcoins withdrawn were counted toward this limit as well and the USD value was calculated at the market rate at the time of the attempted withdrawal. Customers that have been Verified have higher limits and customers that have Trusted status have limits even higher<ref>[http://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/2442/mtgox-trusted-vs-verified MtGox - trusted vs verified]</ref>. Any [[MtGox#Transfers_to_Other_Customers|account-to-account transfers]] made also count toward this limit as well.

Requests for higher withdrawal limits could be submitted by email
* For higher limits for withdrawal of USD funds, email: aml@mtgox.com
* For higher limits for withdrawal of BTC funds, email: btcupd@mtgox.com

See the [[MtGox#AML|AML]] section regarding verification levels for AML purposes.

===Dwolla===

[[Dwolla]] was among the fastest and least expensive methods for withdrawing USD funds from a Mt. Gox account. The transaction fee to do so was just $0.25.
[[Dwolla]] withdrawals were processed every hour during business hours (Japan time) and every 12 hours on weekends.

As of 25 May 2012, MtGox requires account holders to be "verified (level 1) - 'see below'" to withdraw via Dwolla. <ref>https://support.mtgox.com/entries/21503347-new-aml-policy-for-all-dwolla-users</ref>

The status of the withdrawal request will show one of the following status codes:

* Preparing: System was running checks to see if the transfer can be executed.
* Confirmed: Transfer could be executed and was pending in queue.
* Todo: Transfer was near the top of the queue and will be executed soon.
* Processed: Transfer has been processed.

===BTC===

Bitcoins could be withdrawn at no charge.

A [[green address]] option was available though this type of transaction could experience a delay if the exchange's wallet funding level for green address transactions was insufficient. The withdrawal form also offers an "open transaction" option which forces the transaction to go through the blockchain. If the recipient of a BTC withdrawal happens to also be from Mt. Gox's [[EWallet]], then that transfer would occur instantly and the transaction would not be broadcast to the Bitcoin network. This "open transaction" option forces a withdrawal to be broadcast to the Bitcoin network.

====Redeemable Code====

Mt. Gox no longer allows bitcoins or other currency to be withdrawn using a [[redeemable code]].

===Direct Deposit===
====U.S.====

There was currently no option for withdrawing funds through a direct deposit bank transaction. Funds withdrawn to Dwolla could then, in turn, be withdrawn with bank funds deposited as an ACH transaction.

====EU====

Users could withdraw any amount as a direct deposit to their bank. There was a 2% fee on these withdrawals. Contact the exchange by e-mail for this service.

====Australia====

A per-withdrawal fee (2,000 JPY) was subtracted and the remaining amount was sent via international wire in the chosen currency. If not AUD then an exchange fee of 2.5% would be charged.

===International Wire===

To any IBAN, SWIFT/BIC and ABA routable bank<ref>[http://www.facebook.com/MtGox/posts/343372689080478 Mt.Gox now offers international wire transfer to all US Banks]</ref>. Fee applies.

=

==Customer Service==

The preferred method for obtaining service was to place a request through the exchange's [https://mtgox.zendesk.com help desk]. Another method was to send e-mail with the request.

==Wallet/Banking==

An account at this exchange can be considered to be an [[eWallet]]. This service also offers [[:Category:ECommerce|eCommerce]] merchant [https://mtgox.com/merch/about payment services].

==Security Center==

The Security Center allows an account to be secured through the use of one or more One Time Password (OTP) solutions such as what YubiKey and Google Authenticator offer. Features can be protected where the OTP must be provided for each action and were configured independently.

For example, a typical configuration was to set OTP as being required for both withdrawals and security center changes but not for login. With that configuration, the worst damage that can happen from a compromised account or session would be that bitcoins would be bought or sold (though they could also be bought and sold over and over until funds were depleted).

* Login - The OTP must be provided for each login.
* Withdraw - The OTP must be provided for each withdrawal request.
* Security - The OTP must be provided during each configuration change to be performed.

==AML==

Varying degrees of verification will allow for greater per-day and per-month total amounts to be withdrawn<ref>[http://support.mtgox.com/entries/20919111-aml-account-statuses AML Account Statuses]</ref>.

===Unverified (Level 0)===

Designed for basic users, consumers and Bitcoin enthusiasts where 10,000 USD (monthly) was enough for most needs.

===Verified (Level 1)===

The "verified" status was designed for active traders and/or small companies.

===Trusted (Level 2)===

The “trusted” status was designed for day traders, professionals, and companies.

==API==

Mt Gox offers an [[MtGox/API|API]] which can be used to automate operations.

==Data Services==

===Web===
* Bitstock live watcher for trades, depth, history [http://bitstock.info bitstock.info] (Websockets browser required)
* [[Bitcoin Charts]]
* Clark Moody's [[Real Time Bitcoin Market Data]] including Ticker, Order Book and Time Sales (Websockets browser support required)
* [[MtGox Live]] (Websockets browser support required)
* [[Bitcoin Arbitrage Opportunities]] (Websockets browser support required)
* [[Bitcoin Prices]] market rates in multiple currencies
* [https://mtgox-viz.appspot.com MtGox-Viz], a visualization of your MtGox account history

===Windows===
* [[Sierra Chart MtGox Bridge]] trading and charting tool.
* [[ToyTrader]] command line trading tool

===Mac OS X===
* [[BitTicker]] for Mac OS X
* [http://sneak.datavibe.net/20110613/mtgoxwatcher MtGox Watcher] for Mac OS X

===Mobile===
* [[BitcoinX]] mobile app with bid, ask and 24 hour history. For Android
* [[MtGox Live]] Bitcoin Trader with buy, sell, send, chart and depth for Android and iOS
* [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.veken0m.cavirtex Bitcoinium] for Android on Google Play

=== firefox addon ===
* [https://github.com/joric/mtgox-ticker] firefox ticker addon

===Linux===
* [http://www.goxsh.info goxsh] command line ticker / depth chart

==E-Commerce==

Online sellers could accept bitcoins for payment using the Mt. Gox's E-commerce Solution, which was an interface to the exchange's [[MtGox/API/HTTP/v1#Merchant_System|Merchant System API]].

==History==
The exchange went online on July 18, 2010.<ref>[http://www.bitcoin.org/smf/index.php?topic=444.0 MtGox announcement on forum]</ref>

On October 10, 2010 the exchange switched from [[PayPal]] to Liberty Reserve as the main funding option as a result of this attack. Former PayPal customers still had the possibility to withdraw their USD using alternative methods.

On March 6th, 2011 ownership of the exchange changed hands<ref>[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=4187.0 Mtgox is changing owners]</ref>. Tibanne publishes their [http://legal.tibanne.com/docs/20110801_company_certificate.pdf company certificate] from the Japanese government.

On June 19, 2011 the service experienced a significant security breach<ref>[https://support.mtgox.com/entries/20224998-huge-bitcoin-sell-off-due-to-a-compromised-account-rollback Huge Bitcoin sell off due to a compromised account - rollback]</ref>. The incident caused a selloff down to BTC/USD of $0.01 due to fraudulent trading. The site was disabled and all trading following the point that fraudulent trading began was rolled back. Complicating this breach was the release of a list of the exchange's accounts including username, email address and a password hash, which forced the exchange to implement an account recovery method for customers to regain control of their accounts.

In July, 2011 it was observed that the exchange no longer allows new registrations to occur without having a valid e-mail address.

On July 19, 2011 a press release announced that MtGox had acquired [[MtGox Live]].<ref>[https://mtgox.com/press_release_20110719.html World's Leading Bitcoin Exchange, Mt.Gox, acquires MtGoxLive.com]</ref>

Announced on March 6, 2012 was the Merchant Solution and API<ref>[https://mtgox.com/press_release_20120306.html Mt.Gox launches the definitive bitcoin checkout solution]</ref>

===Trading incidents===
On 19 June 2011, a security breach of the Mt. Gox bitcoin exchange caused the nominal price of a bitcoin to fraudulently drop to one cent on the Mt. Gox exchange, after a hacker allegedly used credentials from a Mt. Gox auditor's compromised computer illegally to fabricate a large number of bitcoins for himself. He used the exchange's software to sell them all nominally, creating a massive "[[Ask price|ask]]" order at any price. The price eventually corrected to its correct user-traded value.<ref>{{cite press release | last=Karpeles | first=Mark | title=Clarification of Mt Gox Compromised Accounts and Major Bitcoin Sell-Off | date=30 June 2011 | url=https://mtgox.com/press_release_20110630.html | publisher=Tibanne Co. Ltd. | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919162635/https://mtgox.com/press_release_20110630.html | archivedate=19 September 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|people= |date= 19 June 2011 |time= |medium= |url= http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1X6qQt9ONg |accessdate= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |title= Bitcoin Report Volume 8 - (FLASHCRASH) |publisher=YouTube BitcoinChannel |id= |quote= |ref= }}</ref><ref name="mick">{{cite news|last= Mick |first= Jason |title= Inside the Mega-Hack of Bitcoin: the Full Story |date= 19 June 2011 |url= http://www.dailytech.com/Inside+the+MegaHack+of+Bitcoin+the+Full+Story/article21942.htm | work=DailyTech }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first=Timothy B.|last=Lee |date=19 June 2011 | url=http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/06/bitcoin-price-plummets-on-compromised-exchange.ars | title=Bitcoin prices plummet on hacked exchange | work=Ars Technica | publisher=[[Condé Nast]] }}</ref><ref>Mark Karpeles, 20 June 2011, [http://bitgear.co/blogs/news/13602537-huge-bitcoin-sell-off-due-to-a-compromised-account-rollback Huge Bitcoin sell off due to a compromised account – rollback], Mt. Gox Support</ref><ref name="register1">{{cite news|title= Bitcoin collapses on malicious trade – Mt Gox scrambling to raise the Titanic |url= http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/06/19/bitcoin_values_collapse_again/ |date=19 June 2011 |author= Chirgwin, Richard | work=The Register }}</ref> Accounts with the equivalent of more than $8,750,000 were affected.<ref name="mick" /> In order to prove that Mt.Gox still had control of the coins, the move of 424,242 bitcoins from "cold storage" to a Mt.Gox address was announced beforehand and executed in Block 132749.<ref>http://blockexplorer.com/b/132749</ref>

In October 2011, about two dozen transactions appeared in the block chain (Block 150951)<ref>http://blockexplorer.com/b/150951</ref> that sent a total of 2,609 BTC to invalid scripts. As they were impossible to satisfy/redeem, these Bitcoins were effectively lost.

On 22 February 2013, following an introduction of new anti-money laundering requirements by [[Dwolla]], some Dwolla accounts became temporarily restricted. As a result, transactions from Mt. Gox to those accounts were cancelled by Dwolla. The funds never made it back to Mt. Gox accounts. Mt. Gox help desk issued the following comment: "Please be advised that you are actually not allowed to cancel any withdrawals received from Mt. Gox as we have never had this case before and we are working with Dwolla to locate your returned funds." The funds were finally returned on May 3, more than 3 months later, with a note "Please be advised never to cancel any Dwolla withdrawals from us again".

In March 2013, the new 0.8.0 version of Bitcoin Core temporarily forked off the main blockchain using differing rules on how transactions could be accepted. The Mt. Gox bitcoin exchange briefly halted bitcoin deposits. Bitcoin prices briefly dipped by 23% to $37 as the event occurred<ref name=ArsFork>{{cite news|last=Lee|first=Timothy|title=Major glitch in Bitcoin network sparks sell-off; price temporarily falls 23%|url=http://arstechnica.com/business/2013/03/major-glitch-in-bitcoin-network-sparks-sell-off-price-temporarily-falls-23/|work=Ars Technica| publisher=[[Condé Nast]]|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref><ref name=VergeFork>{{cite news|last=Blagdon|first=Jeff|title=Technical problems cause Bitcoin to plummet from record high, Mt. Gox suspends deposits|url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/3/12/4092898/technical-problems-cause-bitcoin-to-plummet-from-record-high|work=The Verge|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> before recovering to their previous level in the following hours, a price of approximately $48.<ref>{{cite web| title=Bitcoin Charts | work=Bitcoin Charts | url=http://bitcoincharts.com/charts/mtgoxUSD#rg60zczsg2013-03-12zeg2013-03-15ztgSzm1g10zm2g25zv}}</ref>

===Suspension of trading 2013===
Mt. Gox suspended trading on 11 April 2013 until 12 April 2013 2 am UTC for a "market cooldown".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MtGox/status/322355614414147588 |title=Twitter / MtGox: Trading is suspended until |publisher=Twitter.com |date= |accessdate=2014-02-17}}{{dead link|date=February 2014}}</ref> The value of a single bitcoin fell to a low of $55.59 after the resumption of trading before stabilizing above $100. Around mid May 2013, Mt. Gox traded 150,000 bitcoins per day per Bitcoin Charts.<ref name=titan />

Mt. Gox suspended withdrawals in US dollars on June 20, 2013.<ref>{{cite news | title=Bitcoin’s Big Bank Problem: Why Did Mt. Gox Halt U.S. Payouts? | url=http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/06/mt-gox-stops/ | last=McMillan|first=Robert | work=Wired | publisher=[[Condé Nast]] | date=20 June 2013}}</ref> The Mizuho Bank branch in Tokyo that handled Mt. Gox transactions pressured Mt. Gox from then on to close its account.<ref name=titan /> On July 4, 2013, Mt. Gox announced that it had "fully resumed" withdrawals, but as of September 5, 2013, few US dollar withdrawals had been successfully completed.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2013/07/05/bitcoin-operator-mt-gox-resumes-withdrawals/ |
title=Bitcoin operator Mt. Gox resumes withdrawals |
last=Vigna|first=Paul |
date=5 July 2013 |
work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |
url=http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2013/07/30/bitcoin-exchange-mt-gox-still-grappling-with-slowdown/ |
title=Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox still grappling with slowdown |
last=Vigna|first=Paul |
date=31 July 2013 |
work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |
url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/beltway/2013/09/03/how-bitcoin-spreads-violate-a-fundamental-economic-law/ |
work=Forbes |
date=3 September 2013 |
title=How Bitcoin spreads violate a fundamental economic law |
author=Marron, Donald}}</ref>

On August 5, 2013, Mt. Gox announced that they incurred "significant losses" due to crediting deposits which had not fully cleared and that new deposits would no longer be credited until the funds transfer was fully completed.<ref>{{cite press release | title=August 2013 Mt. Gox Status Update | publisher=Mt. Gox Co. Ltd. | date=5 August 2013 | url=https://www.mtgox.com/press_release_20130805.html | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805084259/https://www.mtgox.com/press_release_20130805.html | archivedate=5 August 2013}}</ref>

===CoinLab lawsuit and Homeland Security seizure of US funds===
On 2 May 2013 CoinLab filed a $75 million lawsuit against Mt. Gox alleging a breach of contract.<ref name=chen2013>{{cite news|last=Chen | first=Adrian | work=Gawker Media | date=2 May 2013 | title=Massive Bitcoin Business Partnership Devolves Into $75 Million Lawsuit|url=http://gawker.com/massive-bitcoin-business-partnership-devolves-into-75-487857656|accessdate=8 June 2013}}</ref> The companies had formed a partnership in February 2013 under which CoinLab handled all of Mt. Gox's North American services.<ref name=chen2013/> CoinLab's lawsuit contends that Mt. Gox failed to allow them to move existing U.S. and Canadian customers from Mt. Gox to CoinLab.<ref name=chen2013/>

On 15 May 2013 the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issued a warrant to seize money from Mt. Gox's US subsidiary's account with payment processor [[Dwolla]].<ref name=dillet2013/> The warrant suggests the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement, an investigative branch of the DHS, felt that the subsidiary, which was not licensed by the US Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), was operating as an unregistered money transmitter in the US.<ref name=dillet2013>{{cite news|last=Dillet|first=Romain|title=Feds Seize Assets From Mt. Gox’s Dwolla Account, Accuse It Of Violating Money Transfer Regulations | work=TechCrunch | publisher=[[AOL|AOL Inc.]] | date=16 May 2013 | url=http://techcrunch.com/2013/05/16/mt-gox-dwolla-account-money-seizure/ | accessdate=10 February 2014 }}</ref><ref name=msblic>{{ cite news | title=MtGox Gets FinCEN MSB License | work=Bitcoin Magazine | publisher=Coin Publishing Ltd. | first=Vitalik | last=Buterin | date=29 June 2013 | url=http://bitcoinmagazine.com/5560/mtgox-gets-fincen-msb-license/ | accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref> Between May and July more than $5 million were seized. <ref name=titan /> On 29 June 2013, Mt. Gox received its money services business (MSB) license from FinCEN.<ref name=msblic/>

===Withdrawals delayed or refused===
''Wired Magazine'' reported in November 2013 that customers were experiencing delays of weeks to months in withdrawing funds from their accounts.<ref name=mcmillan2013>{{cite news | title=The rise and fall of the world's largest Bitcoin exchange | last1=McMillan | first1=Robert | last2=Metz | first2=Cade | work=Wired | publisher=[[Condé Nast]] | date=6 November 2013 | url=http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/11/mtgox/ | accessdate=8 February 2014 }}</ref> The article said that the company had “effectively been frozen out of the U.S. banking system because of its regulatory problems”. Customer complaints about long delays were mounting as of February 2014, with more than 3300 posts in a thread about the topic on the BitcoinTalk online forum.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.coindesk.com/poll-mt-gox-withdrawal-issues/ | title=Poll: Are you having Mt. Gox withdrawal issues? | last=Wong | first=Joon Ian | date=4 February 2014 | work=CoinDesk | accessdate=9 February 2014 }}</ref>

==Bankruptcy and shutdown==

On 7 February 2014, all Bitcoin withdrawals were halted by Mt. Gox.<ref name=doughterty2014>{{cite news | work=Bloomberg | date=7 February 2014 | url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-02-07/bitcoin-price-falls-as-mt-gox-exchange-halts-activity.html | title= Bitcoin Price Plunges as Mt. Gox Exchange Halts Activity | last=Dougherty | first=Carter | accessdate=9 February 2014 }}</ref> The company said it was pausing withdrawal requests “to obtain a clear technical view of the currency processes”.<ref name=doughterty2014/> The company issued a press release on February 10, 2014 stating that the issue was due to transaction malleability: “A bug in the bitcoin software makes it possible for someone to use the Bitcoin network to alter transaction details to make it seem like a sending of bitcoins to a bitcoin wallet did not occur when in fact it did occur. Since the transaction appears as if it has not proceeded correctly, the bitcoins may be resent. MtGox is working with the Bitcoin core development team and others to mitigate this issue.”<ref>{{cite press release | title=Update - Statement Regarding BTC Withdrawal Delays | publisher=Mt. Gox Co. Ltd. | date=10 February 2014 | url=https://www.mtgox.com/press_release_20140210.html | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210122955/https://www.mtgox.com/press_release_20140210.html | archivedate=10 February 2014 }}</ref><ref>http://www.pokerupdate.com/news/business-and-finance/mt-gox-shutdown-puts-bitcoin-investors-on-edge/</ref>

On 17 February 2014, with all Mt. Gox withdrawals still halted and competing exchanges back in full operation, the company published another press release indicating the steps they claim they are taking to address security issues.<ref>{{cite press release | title=20140217-Announcement: Tokyo, Japan, February 17th, 2014 | url=https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140217-Announcement.pdf | format=PDF | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140217-Announcement.pdf | archivedate=17 February 2014 | date=17 February 2014 | location=Tokyo | publisher=Mt. Gox }}</ref> In an email interview with the ''Wall Street Journal'', CEO Mark Karpelès refused to comment on increasing concerns among customers about the financial status of the exchange, did not give a definite date on which withdrawals would be resumed, and wrote that the exchange would impose "new daily and monthly limits" on withdrawals if and when they were resumed.<ref>{{cite news |
url=http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304899704579388483531937144?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304899704579388483531937144.html |
title=Bitcoin Platform Mt. Gox Apologizes for Delayed Response - CEO Karpeles Declines To Shed Light On How Customer Funds Are Protected |
publisher=Wall Street Journal |
author=Mochizuki, Takashi and Warnock, Eleanor |
date=February 17, 2014 }}</ref> A poll of 3000 Mt. Gox customers by CoinDesk indicated that 68% of customers were still awaiting funds from Mt. Gox. The median waiting time was between one to three months. 21% of poll respondents had been waiting for three months or more.<ref>{{cite news |
url=http://www.coindesk.com/mt-gox-users-awaiting-funds-survey-reveals/ |
title=68% of Mt. Gox Users Still Awaiting Their Funds, Survey Reveals |
date=15 February 2014 |
publisher=Coin Desk |
author=Wong, Joon Ian}}</ref>

On 20 February 2014, with all withdrawals still halted, Mt. Gox issued yet another statement, giving no date for the resumption of withdrawals.<ref name=cnbcfury>{{cite news |
url = http://www.cnbc.com/id/101431022 |
title=Bitcoin investor fury at Mt Gox delays |
date=February 20, 2014 |
publisher=CNBC |
author=Clinch, Matt}}</ref> A protest by two Bitcoin enthusiasts outside the building that houses the Mt. Gox headquarters in Tokyo continued.
Citing "security concerns", Mt. Gox announced they had moved their offices to a different location in Shibuya. Bitcoin prices quoted by Mt. Gox dropped below 20% of the prices on other exchanges, reflecting the market's estimate of the unlikelihood of Mt. Gox paying their customers.<ref>{{cite news |
url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/2/19/5425220/protest-at-mt-gox-bitcoin-exchange-in-tokyo |
title=Mt. Gox, where is our money? |
date=February 20, 2014 |
publisher=The Verge |
author=Byford, Sam}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |
title=Bitcoin exchange in Downward Spiral: "Mt Gox has left the building" |
publisher=Heise |
date=February 20, 2014 |
location=Hannover, Germany |
url=http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Bitcoin-Boerse-in-Abwaertsspirale-Mt-Gox-has-left-the-building-2119550.html }}</ref>

On 23 February 2014, Mark Karpelès, the CEO of Mt. Gox, resigned from the board of the [[Bitcoin Foundation]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/24/mtgox-bitcoinfoundation-idUSL3N0LT15X20140224 | work=Reuters | date=February 23, 2014 | title=Mt. Gox resigns from Bitcoin Foundation | accessdate=25 February 2014 }}</ref> The same day, all posts on their Twitter account were removed.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/mtgox-resigns-from-bitcoin-foundation-2014-2 | publisher=Business Insider | date=February 23, 2014 | title=MtGox Resigns From Bitcoin Foundation, Deletes All Tweets From Twitter Feed | accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref>

On 24 February 2014, Mt. Gox suspended all trading, and hours later its website went offline, returning a blank page.<ref name="WiredGox"/><ref name="NYTGox"/><ref>{{cite news | url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/website-bitcoin-exchange-mt-gox-offline | first1=Yuriko | last1=Nagano | first2=Stephen | last2=Wright | title=Website of Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox offline | work=Associated Press | date=25 February 2014 | accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref> An alleged leaked internal crisis management document claimed that the company was insolvent, after losing 744,408 bitcoins in a theft which went undetected for years.<ref name="WiredGox">{{cite news | url=http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2014/02/bitcoins-mt-gox-implodes/?cid=co19086554 | title=Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox implodes amid allegations of $350 million hack| first=Robert |last=McMillan|work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|date=24 February 2014|accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="NYTGox">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/25/business/apparent-theft-at-mt-gox-shakes-bitcoin-world.html | title=Apparent theft at Mt. Gox shakes Bitcoin world|first1=Nathaniel|last1=Popper|first2=Rachel|last2=Abrams|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=25 February 2014|accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/feb/27/how-does-a-bug-in-bitcoin-lead-to-mtgoxs-collapse How a bug in bitcoin led to MtGox's collapse], Alex Hern, [[The Guardian]], Feb. 27, 2014</ref><ref>[http://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/2014/02/25/mt-gox-ceo-says-on-internet-chat-hasnt-given-up/]</ref> Six other major bitcoin exchanges released a joint statement distancing themselves from Mt. Gox, shortly before Mt. Gox's website went offline.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/25/mtgox-website-idUSL3N0LU1N920140225 | work=Reuters | title=Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox's website down | date=25 February 2014 | accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release | title=The Coinbase Blog - Joint Statement Regarding MtGox | date=24 February 2014 | work=The Coinbase Blog |publisher=Coinbase| url=http://blog.coinbase.com/post/77766809700/joint-statement-regarding-mtgox | accessdate=24 February 2014}}</ref>

On 25 February 2014, Mt.Gox reported on its website that a "decision was taken to close all transactions for the time being", citing "recent news reports and the potential repercussions on MtGox's operations". The chief executive, Mark Karpelès told ''Reuters'' that Mt. Gox was "at a turning point".<ref name=Reuters-closed>{{cite news|title=Mt. Gox website says all transactions closed "for the time being"|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/25/us-mtgox-website-idUSBREA1O07920140225|accessdate=25 February 2014|newspaper=Reuters|date=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=Lowery-end>{{cite news|last=Lowery|first=Adrian|title=Is it the beginning of the end for Bitcoin? Virtual currency in turmoil as rumoured $375m theft closes major exchange |url=http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/news/article-2567436/Bitcoin-turmoil-rumoured-375m-theft-closes-major-exchange.html|accessdate=25 February 2014|newspaper=This is money|date=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=Anklam-offline>{{cite news|last=Anklam|first=Fred|title=Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox goes offline amid turmoil|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2014/02/25/mt-gox-offline/5801093/|accessdate=25 February 2014|newspaper=USA Today|date=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=Vaishampayan>{{cite news|last=Vaishampayan|first=Saumya|title=Mt. Gox says transactions closed 'for time being'|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/mt-gox-says-transactions-closed-for-time-being-2014-02-25?link=MW_home_latest_news|accessdate=25 February 2014|newspaper=Market Watch|date=25 February 2014}}</ref>

On 28 February 2014 Mt. Gox filed for bankruptcy protection in Tokyo, reporting that it had liabilities of about 6.5 billion Japanese yen ($64 million at the time), and 3.84 billion yen in assets.<ref name=warnock2014>{{cite news | first1=Eleanor | last1=Warnock | first2=Takashi | last2=Mochizuki | first3=Alexander|last3=Martin | date=28 February 2014 | work=The Wall Street Journal | url=http://online.wsj.com/news/article_email/SB10001424052702303801304579410010379087576 | title=Mt. Gox files for bankruptcy protection | accessdate=28 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=takemoto2014>{{cite news | title=Mt. Gox files for bankruptcy, blames hackers for losses | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/28/us-bitcoin-mtgox-bankruptcy-idUSBREA1R0FX20140228 | first1=Yoshifumi |last1=Takemoto |first2=Sophie |last2=Knight|work=Reuters|date=28 February 2014|accessdate=28 February 2014}}</ref> The company said they had lost almost 750,000 of its customers' bitcoins, and around 100,000 of its own bitcoins, totaling around 7% of all bitcoins, and worth around $473 million near the time of the filing.<ref name=warnock2014/><ref name=takemoto2014/> Mt. Gox released a statement saying "The company believes there is a high possibility that the Bitcoins were stolen,”<ref name="Bloomberg28">[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-02-28/mt-gox-exchange-files-for-bankruptcy.html Mt. Gox Seeks Bankruptcy After $480 Million Bitcoin Loss], Carter Dougherty and Grace Huang, [[Bloomberg News]], Feb. 28, 2014</ref> blaming hackers,<ref name=titan /> thus beginning a search for the missing money. Chief Executive of Mt. Gox, Mark Karpelès, said technical issues opened up the way for fraudulent withdrawals.

Mt. Gox also faces lawsuits from its customers.<ref name="Sidel-bitcoin vanish">{{cite news|last=Sidel|first=Robin|title=Almost Half a Billion Worth of Bitcoins Vanish|url=http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303801304579410010379087576?mod=WSJ_hp_LEFTWhatsNewsCollection&mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702303801304579410010379087576.html%3Fmod%3DWSJ_hp_LEFTWhatsNewsCollection|accessdate=3 March 2014|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=28 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.investing.com/news/economy-news/mtgox-boss-sued-for-bitcoin-losses-270031 | title=
MtGox Boss Sued For Bitcoin Losses | work=[[Investing.com]] | date=4 March 2014}}</ref>

On 9 March 2014, Mt. Gox filed for bankruptcy protection in the US, to temporarily halt U.S. legal action by traders who alleged the operation was a fraud.<ref name=Finley-bankruptcy>{{cite news|last=Finley|first=Klint|title=Bitcoin Exchange Mt. Gox Files for U.S. Bankruptcy as Death Spiral Continues|url=http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2014/03/gox-texas/|accessdate=11 March 2014|newspaper=Wired|date=10 March 2014}}</ref><ref name=Hals-bankrupt>{{cite news|last=Hals|first=Tom|title=Mt. Gox files U.S. bankruptcy, opponents call it a ruse|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/10/us-bitcoin-mtgox-bankruptcy-idUSBREA290WU20140310|accessdate=11 March 2014|newspaper=Reuters|date=10 March 2014}}</ref><ref name=NYP-Bankrupt>{{cite news|title=Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox files for US bankruptcy|url=http://nypost.com/2014/03/10/bitcoin-exchange-mt-gox-files-for-us-bankruptcy/|accessdate=11 March 2014|newspaper=New York Post|date=10 March 2014}}</ref>

On 20 March 2014, Mt. Gox reported on its website that it found some bitcoins — worth around $116 million — in an old digital wallet from 2011. That brings the total number of bitcoins the firm lost down to 650,000 from 850,000.<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140320-btc-announce.pdf
|title = 当社保有ビットコインの残高に関するお知らせ / Announcement regarding the balance of Bitcoin held by the company
|subtitle =
|author = Karpeles, Mark
|quote = MtGox Co., Ltd. had certain oldformat wallets which were used in the past and which, MtGox
thought, no longer held any bitcoins. Following the application for commencement of a civil rehabilitation proceeding, these wallets were rescanned and their balance researched. On March 7, 2014, MtGox Co., Ltd. confirmed that an oldformat wallet which was used prior to June 2011 held a balance of approximately 200,000 BTC (199,999.99 BTC).
|date = 2014-03-20
|format = PDF
|work =
|publisher = MtGox
|accessdate = 2014-03-22
|description =
|deadurl =
}}</ref>

On April 14, Mt. Gox lawyers said that Mark Karpeles wouldn't appear for a deposition in a Dallas court, or heed a subpoena by FinCEN.<ref name=titan>{{cite news|last=Mochizuki|first=Takashi|title=Tracing a Bitcoin's Exchange's Fall From the Top to Shutdown Mark Karpelès hoped to set up a bitcoin cafe in the building where his exchange rented space.|url=http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304311204579508300513992292?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304311204579508300513992292.html|accessdate=22 April 2014|newspaper=WSJ|date=20 April 2014}}</ref>
On 16 April 2014, Mt. Gox gave up its plan to rebuild under bankruptcy protection, and asked a Tokyo court to allow it to be liquidated.<ref>http://online.wsj.com/news/article_email/SB10001424052702303663604579504691512965308-lMyQjAxMTA0MDEwNTExNDUyWj</ref>

==See Also==

* [[Buying bitcoins]]
* [[Selling bitcoins]]
* [[Bitcoin Ladder]]

==External Links==

* [https://mtgox.com MT. Gox exchange] now defunct website

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Exchanges]]
[[Category:eWallets]]
[[Category:Shopping Cart Interfaces]]
[[ru:MtGox]]

Mt. Gox

2014-08-12T12:53:12Z

C0ldfusi0nz: removing broken links

{{outdated}}{{infobox company|name=MtGox|image=[[File:MtGox.png|256px]]
|trading_name=Mt. Gox
|industry=[[Exchange|Fiat exchange]]
|foundation=July 18, 2010
|defunct=February 25, 2014
|location=Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan
|founder=[[Jed McCaleb]]
|owner=[[Mark Karpeles]]
|parent=[[Tibanne Ltd.]]
|pairs=USD/BTC EUR/BTC CAD/BTC GBP/BTC CHF/BTC RUB/BTC AUD/BTC SEK/BTC DKK/BTC HKD/BTC PLN/BTC CNY/BTC SGD/BTC TBH/BTC NZD/BTC JPY/BTC
|website=https://mtgox.com
}}'''MtGox''', called "Mount Gox" or simply "Gox", was the most widely used bitcoin [[currency exchange]] market from 2010-2013<ref>2011-06-07 on #bitcoin-otc: "MagicalTux: you could use the count of users on mtgox (went over 30k recently)"</ref> since it was started. The market was closed February 25, 2014.

A registrant on MtGox had at least two sub-accounts: one for bitcoins (BTC), and one for US dollars (USD or MTGUSD) or other national currency. Bitcoins were bought using funds from the trader's national currency account, and the proceeds from the sale of bitcoins were deposited into the same account. Trading always involved bitcoins as trading between different national currencies was not offered.

Trades on Mt. Gox's executed from balances on deposit with the exchange which in turn made trading on the market instantaneous, compared to most other Bitcoin markets of the time where a subsequent settlement occurred manually between the trading partners. The disadvantage of this was that a third party had to be trusted with keeping the money safe.

MtGox was originally started by Jed McCaleb in July 2010, and was sold to [[Tibanne Co.]] in Japan in March 2011. It was operated by Tibanne Co., managed by Mark Karpeles (MagicalTux).

==Trading==
===Buying and selling===

A buy order was executed partially or in full when the price bid could be matched against a sell order that was at or below the bid amount. A sell order was executed partially or in full when the price asked could be matched against a buy order that was at or above the ask amount. Orders that could not be matched immediately remain in the orderbook.

Unfunded orders did not appear in the order book, but were automatically inserted when a deposit was credited. For example, Mt. Gox allowed the entry of a "buy" order even if the account had insufficient funds. If possible, Mt. Gox would execute a portion of the order if it could be partially funded. If a deposit was later credited and the deposit resolves the insufficient funds status of an outstanding order, the order would be immediately activated, and if possible, executed.

===Fees===

Mt. Gox charged a trading fee of up to 0.6% from each party of successful trades made through the market. The fee appeared in the account history next to each trade. The trading fee was discounted for larger customers based on volume, which was calculated as a sliding window over the last 720 hours (30 days).

The fees were, by default, subtracted from the proceeds of each trade (e.g., a buy of 1.0 BTC will add to the account balance 0.994 BTC when the exchange fee is 0.6%). An account setting would allow fees to be added to the purchase amount instead (e.g., buying 1.0 BTC at $5 will cost about $5.03 when the exchange fee is 0.6%).

==Adding Funds==

===BTC===
There were no fees incurred when transferring bitcoins to a Mt. Gox account.

Funds were available once [[confirmation|confirmed]] (6 blocks)<ref>[http://www.bitcoin.org/smf/index.php?topic=3851.msg55220#msg55220 How long does it take to Deposit bitcoins to MtGox?]</ref>, a process that could take roughly an hour.

The deposit address was presented along with a QR code that can be scanned with a mobile. This address did not change with each deposit request.

The Add Bitcoins function experienced issues with some browser ad-blocking utilities even though no advertisements were displayed on the website.

====Redeemable Code====

Bitcoins from another Mt. Gox user sent by Mt. Gox [[redeemable code]] (A.K.A. "coupon") could be deposited and would be available for trading.

===OKPay===

[[OKPay]] could be used for depositing funds to USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, and RUB<ref>[https://support.mtgox.com/entries/21034626-okpay OKPAY]</ref>.

===Cash Deposit===

====U.S. (USD)====
* BitInstant - Cash (U.S. dollars) could be deposited at any of thousands of banks, 7-11, Walmart, CVS, Moneygram and more that [[BitInstant]] uses to transfer funds to your Mt. Gox account.

====Brazil (BRL)====
* BitInstant - Cash (Brazilian real) could be deposited using Boleto or through Banco Recomendito.

====Brazil (BRL)====
* BitInstant - Cash (Russian rubles) could be deposited using QIWI or Cyberplat

====UK (GBP)====
* Barclays - Cash (British pound sterling) could be deposited at any Barclays location. There was a 1.5% fee on deposits made with this method<ref>[https://mtgox.com/press_release_20120806.html Introducing a new 1.5% fee on Barclays cash deposit]</ref>.

===Bank Wire===

====International USD====
Funds in USD could be wired to the exchange's bank in Japan. Each wire is subject to a per-wire fee plus any intermediate fees.

====International Wire====

An account can be configured with a wallet for each of the currencies that the exchange supports<ref>[https://mtgox.zendesk.com/entries/20413328-mt-gox-opens-15-new-currency-markets Mt.Gox Opens 15 New Currency Markets]</ref>. When a wire is received in one of these currencies, that account will be credited.

* USD - U.S. Dollar
* EUR - Euro (SEPA or Int'l wire)
* CAD - Canadian Dollar
* GBP - British Pound (Domestic or Int'l wire)
* CHF - Swiss Francs
* RUB - Russian Rubles
* AUD - Australian Dollars
* SEK - Swedish Krona
* DKK - Danish Krona
* HKD - Hong Kong Dollars
* PLN - Polish Zloty (Domestic or Int'l wire)
* CNY - Chinese Yuan
* SGD - Singapore Dollars
* TBH - Thai Baht
* NZD - New Zealand Dollars
* JPY - Japanese Yen (Domestic or Int'l wire)

===Direct Deposit===
====EU====

Funds in EUR could be added using SEPA Direct Debit for free, with funds convert to USD at the current ECB rate at the time the funds were received<ref>[http://www.bitcoin.org/smf/index.php?topic=5461.0 MTGox: Euro deposits]</ref>.

====U.S.====

Mt. Gox doesn't directly support an ACH-based (direct deposit) deposit method. Dwolla supports ACH-based fund transfers and those funds can then be deposited with Mt. Gox.

====UK====

Funds could be sent as a GBP direct deposit free of charge.

====Australia====

Funds could be sent using direct deposit (BPay) for a AU$2.00 per-deposit fee. The funds will be converted to USD at the current rate.

==Withdrawing Funds==

MtGox imposes a $1,000 USD limit for withdrawals per 24 hours and a $10,000 USD limit for withdrawals per month with most non-verified accounts. Bitcoins withdrawn were counted toward this limit as well and the USD value was calculated at the market rate at the time of the attempted withdrawal. Customers that have been Verified have higher limits and customers that have Trusted status have limits even higher<ref>[http://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/2442/mtgox-trusted-vs-verified MtGox - trusted vs verified]</ref>. Any [[MtGox#Transfers_to_Other_Customers|account-to-account transfers]] made also count toward this limit as well.

Requests for higher withdrawal limits could be submitted by email
* For higher limits for withdrawal of USD funds, email: aml@mtgox.com
* For higher limits for withdrawal of BTC funds, email: btcupd@mtgox.com

See the [[MtGox#AML|AML]] section regarding verification levels for AML purposes.

===Dwolla===

[[Dwolla]] was among the fastest and least expensive methods for withdrawing USD funds from a Mt. Gox account. The transaction fee to do so was just $0.25.
[[Dwolla]] withdrawals were processed every hour during business hours (Japan time) and every 12 hours on weekends.

As of 25 May 2012, MtGox requires account holders to be "verified (level 1) - 'see below'" to withdraw via Dwolla. <ref>https://support.mtgox.com/entries/21503347-new-aml-policy-for-all-dwolla-users</ref>

The status of the withdrawal request will show one of the following status codes:

* Preparing: System was running checks to see if the transfer can be executed.
* Confirmed: Transfer could be executed and was pending in queue.
* Todo: Transfer was near the top of the queue and will be executed soon.
* Processed: Transfer has been processed.

===BTC===

Bitcoins could be withdrawn at no charge.

A [[green address]] option was available though this type of transaction could experience a delay if the exchange's wallet funding level for green address transactions was insufficient. The withdrawal form also offers an "open transaction" option which forces the transaction to go through the blockchain. If the recipient of a BTC withdrawal happens to also be from Mt. Gox's [[EWallet]], then that transfer would occur instantly and the transaction would not be broadcast to the Bitcoin network. This "open transaction" option forces a withdrawal to be broadcast to the Bitcoin network.

====Redeemable Code====

Mt. Gox no longer allows bitcoins or other currency to be withdrawn using a [[redeemable code]].

===Direct Deposit===
====U.S.====

There was currently no option for withdrawing funds through a direct deposit bank transaction. Funds withdrawn to Dwolla could then, in turn, be withdrawn with bank funds deposited as an ACH transaction.

====EU====

Users could withdraw any amount as a direct deposit to their bank. There was a 2% fee on these withdrawals. Contact the exchange by e-mail for this service.

====Australia====

A per-withdrawal fee (2,000 JPY) was subtracted and the remaining amount was sent via international wire in the chosen currency. If not AUD then an exchange fee of 2.5% would be charged.

===International Wire===

To any IBAN, SWIFT/BIC and ABA routable bank<ref>[http://www.facebook.com/MtGox/posts/343372689080478 Mt.Gox now offers international wire transfer to all US Banks]</ref>. Fee applies.

=

==Customer Service==

The preferred method for obtaining service was to place a request through the exchange's [https://mtgox.zendesk.com help desk]. Another method was to send e-mail with the request.

==Wallet/Banking==

An account at this exchange can be considered to be an [[eWallet]]. This service also offers [[:Category:ECommerce|eCommerce]] merchant [https://mtgox.com/merch/about payment services].

==Security Center==

The Security Center allows an account to be secured through the use of one or more One Time Password (OTP) solutions such as what YubiKey and Google Authenticator offer. Features can be protected where the OTP must be provided for each action and were configured independently.

For example, a typical configuration was to set OTP as being required for both withdrawals and security center changes but not for login. With that configuration, the worst damage that can happen from a compromised account or session would be that bitcoins would be bought or sold (though they could also be bought and sold over and over until funds were depleted).

* Login - The OTP must be provided for each login.
* Withdraw - The OTP must be provided for each withdrawal request.
* Security - The OTP must be provided during each configuration change to be performed.

==AML==

Varying degrees of verification will allow for greater per-day and per-month total amounts to be withdrawn<ref>[http://support.mtgox.com/entries/20919111-aml-account-statuses AML Account Statuses]</ref>.

===Unverified (Level 0)===

Designed for basic users, consumers and Bitcoin enthusiasts where 10,000 USD (monthly) was enough for most needs.

===Verified (Level 1)===

The "verified" status was designed for active traders and/or small companies.

===Trusted (Level 2)===

The “trusted” status was designed for day traders, professionals, and companies.

==API==

Mt Gox offers an [[MtGox/API|API]] which can be used to automate operations.

==Data Services==

===Web===
* Bitstock live watcher for trades, depth, history [http://bitstock.info bitstock.info] (Websockets browser required)
* [[Bitcoin Charts]]
* Clark Moody's [[Real Time Bitcoin Market Data]] including Ticker, Order Book and Time Sales (Websockets browser support required)
* [[MtGox Live]] (Websockets browser support required)
* [[Bitcoin Arbitrage Opportunities]] (Websockets browser support required)
* [[Bitcoin Prices]] market rates in multiple currencies
* [https://mtgox-viz.appspot.com MtGox-Viz], a visualization of your MtGox account history

===Windows===
* [[Sierra Chart MtGox Bridge]] trading and charting tool.
* [[ToyTrader]] command line trading tool

===Mac OS X===
* [[BitTicker]] for Mac OS X
* [http://sneak.datavibe.net/20110613/mtgoxwatcher MtGox Watcher] for Mac OS X

===Mobile===
* [[BitcoinX]] mobile app with bid, ask and 24 hour history. For Android
* [[MtGox Live]] Bitcoin Trader with buy, sell, send, chart and depth for Android and iOS
* [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.veken0m.cavirtex Bitcoinium] for Android on Google Play

=== firefox addon ===
* [https://github.com/joric/mtgox-ticker] firefox ticker addon

===Linux===
* [http://www.goxsh.info goxsh] command line ticker / depth chart

==E-Commerce==

Online sellers could accept bitcoins for payment using the Mt. Gox's E-commerce Solution, which was an interface to the exchange's [[MtGox/API/HTTP/v1#Merchant_System|Merchant System API]].

==History==
The exchange went online on July 18, 2010.<ref>[http://www.bitcoin.org/smf/index.php?topic=444.0 MtGox announcement on forum]</ref>

On October 10, 2010 the exchange switched from [[PayPal]] to Liberty Reserve as the main funding option as a result of this attack. Former PayPal customers still had the possibility to withdraw their USD using alternative methods.

On March 6th, 2011 ownership of the exchange changed hands<ref>[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=4187.0 Mtgox is changing owners]</ref>. Tibanne publishes their [http://legal.tibanne.com/docs/20110801_company_certificate.pdf company certificate] from the Japanese government.

On June 19, 2011 the service experienced a significant security breach<ref>[https://support.mtgox.com/entries/20224998-huge-bitcoin-sell-off-due-to-a-compromised-account-rollback Huge Bitcoin sell off due to a compromised account - rollback]</ref>. The incident caused a selloff down to BTC/USD of $0.01 due to fraudulent trading. The site was disabled and all trading following the point that fraudulent trading began was rolled back. Complicating this breach was the release of a list of the exchange's accounts including username, email address and a password hash, which forced the exchange to implement an account recovery method for customers to regain control of their accounts.

In July, 2011 it was observed that the exchange no longer allows new registrations to occur without having a valid e-mail address.

On July 19, 2011 a press release announced that MtGox had acquired [[MtGox Live]].<ref>[https://mtgox.com/press_release_20110719.html World's Leading Bitcoin Exchange, Mt.Gox, acquires MtGoxLive.com]</ref>

Announced on March 6, 2012 was the Merchant Solution and API<ref>[https://mtgox.com/press_release_20120306.html Mt.Gox launches the definitive bitcoin checkout solution]</ref>

===Trading incidents===
On 19 June 2011, a security breach of the Mt. Gox bitcoin exchange caused the nominal price of a bitcoin to fraudulently drop to one cent on the Mt. Gox exchange, after a hacker allegedly used credentials from a Mt. Gox auditor's compromised computer illegally to transfer a large number of bitcoins to himself. He used the exchange's software to sell them all nominally, creating a massive "[[Ask price|ask]]" order at any price. Within minutes the price corrected to its correct user-traded value.<ref>{{cite press release | last=Karpeles | first=Mark | title=Clarification of Mt Gox Compromised Accounts and Major Bitcoin Sell-Off | date=30 June 2011 | url=https://mtgox.com/press_release_20110630.html | publisher=Tibanne Co. Ltd. | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919162635/https://mtgox.com/press_release_20110630.html | archivedate=19 September 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|people= |date= 19 June 2011 |time= |medium= |url= http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1X6qQt9ONg |accessdate= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |title= Bitcoin Report Volume 8 - (FLASHCRASH) |publisher=YouTube BitcoinChannel |id= |quote= |ref= }}</ref><ref name="mick">{{cite news|last= Mick |first= Jason |title= Inside the Mega-Hack of Bitcoin: the Full Story |date= 19 June 2011 |url= http://www.dailytech.com/Inside+the+MegaHack+of+Bitcoin+the+Full+Story/article21942.htm | work=DailyTech }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first=Timothy B.|last=Lee |date=19 June 2011 | url=http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/06/bitcoin-price-plummets-on-compromised-exchange.ars | title=Bitcoin prices plummet on hacked exchange | work=Ars Technica | publisher=[[Condé Nast]] }}</ref><ref>Mark Karpeles, 20 June 2011, [http://bitgear.co/blogs/news/13602537-huge-bitcoin-sell-off-due-to-a-compromised-account-rollback Huge Bitcoin sell off due to a compromised account – rollback], Mt. Gox Support</ref><ref name="register1">{{cite news|title= Bitcoin collapses on malicious trade – Mt Gox scrambling to raise the Titanic |url= http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/06/19/bitcoin_values_collapse_again/ |date=19 June 2011 |author= Chirgwin, Richard | work=The Register }}</ref> Accounts with the equivalent of more than $8,750,000 were affected.<ref name="mick" /> In order to prove that Mt.Gox still had control of the coins, the move of 424,242 bitcoins from "cold storage" to a Mt.Gox address was announced beforehand and executed in Block 132749.<ref>http://blockexplorer.com/b/132749</ref>

In October 2011, about two dozen transactions appeared in the block chain (Block 150951)<ref>http://blockexplorer.com/b/150951</ref> that sent a total of 2,609 BTC to invalid addresses. As no private key could ever be assigned to them, these Bitcoins were effectively lost. While the standard client would check for such an error and reject the transactions, nodes on the network would not, exposing a weakness in the protocol.

On 22 February 2013, following an introduction of new anti-money laundering requirements by [[Dwolla]], some Dwolla accounts became temporarily restricted. As a result, transactions from Mt. Gox to those accounts were cancelled by Dwolla. The funds never made it back to Mt. Gox accounts. Mt. Gox help desk issued the following comment: "Please be advised that you are actually not allowed to cancel any withdrawals received from Mt. Gox as we have never had this case before and we are working with Dwolla to locate your returned funds." The funds were finally returned on May 3, more than 3 months later, with a note "Please be advised never to cancel any Dwolla withdrawals from us again".

In March 2013, the bitcoin transaction log or "blockchain" temporarily forked into two independent logs with differing rules on how transactions could be accepted. The Mt. Gox bitcoin exchange briefly halted bitcoin deposits. Bitcoin prices briefly dipped by 23% to $37 as the event occurred<ref name=ArsFork>{{cite news|last=Lee|first=Timothy|title=Major glitch in Bitcoin network sparks sell-off; price temporarily falls 23%|url=http://arstechnica.com/business/2013/03/major-glitch-in-bitcoin-network-sparks-sell-off-price-temporarily-falls-23/|work=Ars Technica| publisher=[[Condé Nast]]|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref><ref name=VergeFork>{{cite news|last=Blagdon|first=Jeff|title=Technical problems cause Bitcoin to plummet from record high, Mt. Gox suspends deposits|url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/3/12/4092898/technical-problems-cause-bitcoin-to-plummet-from-record-high|work=The Verge|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> before recovering to their previous level in the following hours, a price of approximately $48.<ref>{{cite web| title=Bitcoin Charts | work=Bitcoin Charts | url=http://bitcoincharts.com/charts/mtgoxUSD#rg60zczsg2013-03-12zeg2013-03-15ztgSzm1g10zm2g25zv}}</ref>

===Suspension of trading 2013===
Mt. Gox suspended trading on 11 April 2013 until 12 April 2013 2 am UTC for a "market cooldown".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MtGox/status/322355614414147588 |title=Twitter / MtGox: Trading is suspended until |publisher=Twitter.com |date= |accessdate=2014-02-17}}{{dead link|date=February 2014}}</ref> The value of a single bitcoin fell to a low of $55.59 after the resumption of trading before stabilizing above $100. Around mid May 2013, Mt. Gox traded 150,000 bitcoins per day per Bitcoin Charts.<ref name=titan />

Mt. Gox suspended withdrawals in US dollars on June 20, 2013.<ref>{{cite news | title=Bitcoin’s Big Bank Problem: Why Did Mt. Gox Halt U.S. Payouts? | url=http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/06/mt-gox-stops/ | last=McMillan|first=Robert | work=Wired | publisher=[[Condé Nast]] | date=20 June 2013}}</ref> The Mizuho Bank branch in Tokyo that handled Mt. Gox transactions pressured Mt. Gox from then on to close its account.<ref name=titan /> On July 4, 2013, Mt. Gox announced that it had "fully resumed" withdrawals, but as of September 5, 2013, few US dollar withdrawals had been successfully completed.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2013/07/05/bitcoin-operator-mt-gox-resumes-withdrawals/ |
title=Bitcoin operator Mt. Gox resumes withdrawals |
last=Vigna|first=Paul |
date=5 July 2013 |
work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |
url=http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2013/07/30/bitcoin-exchange-mt-gox-still-grappling-with-slowdown/ |
title=Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox still grappling with slowdown |
last=Vigna|first=Paul |
date=31 July 2013 |
work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |
url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/beltway/2013/09/03/how-bitcoin-spreads-violate-a-fundamental-economic-law/ |
work=Forbes |
date=3 September 2013 |
title=How Bitcoin spreads violate a fundamental economic law |
author=Marron, Donald}}</ref>

On August 5, 2013, Mt. Gox announced that they incurred "significant losses" due to crediting deposits which had not fully cleared and that new deposits would no longer be credited until the funds transfer was fully completed.<ref>{{cite press release | title=August 2013 Mt. Gox Status Update | publisher=Mt. Gox Co. Ltd. | date=5 August 2013 | url=https://www.mtgox.com/press_release_20130805.html | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805084259/https://www.mtgox.com/press_release_20130805.html | archivedate=5 August 2013}}</ref>

===CoinLab lawsuit and Homeland Security seizure of US funds===
On 2 May 2013 CoinLab filed a $75 million lawsuit against Mt. Gox alleging a breach of contract.<ref name=chen2013>{{cite news|last=Chen | first=Adrian | work=Gawker Media | date=2 May 2013 | title=Massive Bitcoin Business Partnership Devolves Into $75 Million Lawsuit|url=http://gawker.com/massive-bitcoin-business-partnership-devolves-into-75-487857656|accessdate=8 June 2013}}</ref> The companies had formed a partnership in February 2013 under which CoinLab handled all of Mt. Gox's North American services.<ref name=chen2013/> CoinLab's lawsuit contends that Mt. Gox failed to allow them to move existing U.S. and Canadian customers from Mt. Gox to CoinLab.<ref name=chen2013/>

On 15 May 2013 the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issued a warrant to seize money from Mt. Gox's US subsidiary's account with payment processor [[Dwolla]].<ref name=dillet2013/> The warrant suggests the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement, an investigative branch of the DHS, felt that the subsidiary, which was not licensed by the US Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), was operating as an unregistered money transmitter in the US.<ref name=dillet2013>{{cite news|last=Dillet|first=Romain|title=Feds Seize Assets From Mt. Gox’s Dwolla Account, Accuse It Of Violating Money Transfer Regulations | work=TechCrunch | publisher=[[AOL|AOL Inc.]] | date=16 May 2013 | url=http://techcrunch.com/2013/05/16/mt-gox-dwolla-account-money-seizure/ | accessdate=10 February 2014 }}</ref><ref name=msblic>{{ cite news | title=MtGox Gets FinCEN MSB License | work=Bitcoin Magazine | publisher=Coin Publishing Ltd. | first=Vitalik | last=Buterin | date=29 June 2013 | url=http://bitcoinmagazine.com/5560/mtgox-gets-fincen-msb-license/ | accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref> Between May and July more than $5 million were seized. <ref name=titan /> On 29 June 2013, Mt. Gox received its money services business (MSB) license from FinCEN.<ref name=msblic/>

===Withdrawals delayed or refused===
''Wired Magazine'' reported in November 2013 that customers were experiencing delays of weeks to months in withdrawing funds from their accounts.<ref name=mcmillan2013>{{cite news | title=The rise and fall of the world's largest Bitcoin exchange | last1=McMillan | first1=Robert | last2=Metz | first2=Cade | work=Wired | publisher=[[Condé Nast]] | date=6 November 2013 | url=http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/11/mtgox/ | accessdate=8 February 2014 }}</ref> The article said that the company had “effectively been frozen out of the U.S. banking system because of its regulatory problems”. Customer complaints about long delays were mounting as of February 2014, with more than 3300 posts in a thread about the topic on the Bitcoin Talk online forum.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.coindesk.com/poll-mt-gox-withdrawal-issues/ | title=Poll: Are you having Mt. Gox withdrawal issues? | last=Wong | first=Joon Ian | date=4 February 2014 | work=CoinDesk | accessdate=9 February 2014 }}</ref>

==Bankruptcy and shutdown==

On 7 February 2014, all Bitcoin withdrawals were halted by Mt. Gox.<ref name=doughterty2014>{{cite news | work=Bloomberg | date=7 February 2014 | url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-02-07/bitcoin-price-falls-as-mt-gox-exchange-halts-activity.html | title= Bitcoin Price Plunges as Mt. Gox Exchange Halts Activity | last=Dougherty | first=Carter | accessdate=9 February 2014 }}</ref> The company said it was pausing withdrawal requests “to obtain a clear technical view of the currency processes”.<ref name=doughterty2014/> The company issued a press release on February 10, 2014 stating that the issue was due to transaction malleability: “A bug in the bitcoin software makes it possible for someone to use the Bitcoin network to alter transaction details to make it seem like a sending of bitcoins to a bitcoin wallet did not occur when in fact it did occur. Since the transaction appears as if it has not proceeded correctly, the bitcoins may be resent. MtGox is working with the Bitcoin core development team and others to mitigate this issue.”<ref>{{cite press release | title=Update - Statement Regarding BTC Withdrawal Delays | publisher=Mt. Gox Co. Ltd. | date=10 February 2014 | url=https://www.mtgox.com/press_release_20140210.html | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210122955/https://www.mtgox.com/press_release_20140210.html | archivedate=10 February 2014 }}</ref><ref>http://www.pokerupdate.com/news/business-and-finance/mt-gox-shutdown-puts-bitcoin-investors-on-edge/</ref>

On 17 February 2014, with all Mt. Gox withdrawals still halted and competing exchanges back in full operation, the company published another press release indicating the steps they claim they are taking to address security issues.<ref>{{cite press release | title=20140217-Announcement: Tokyo, Japan, February 17th, 2014 | url=https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140217-Announcement.pdf | format=PDF | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140217-Announcement.pdf | archivedate=17 February 2014 | date=17 February 2014 | location=Tokyo | publisher=Mt. Gox }}</ref> In an email interview with the ''Wall Street Journal'', CEO Mark Karpelès refused to comment on increasing concerns among customers about the financial status of the exchange, did not give a definite date on which withdrawals would be resumed, and wrote that the exchange would impose "new daily and monthly limits" on withdrawals if and when they were resumed.<ref>{{cite news |
url=http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304899704579388483531937144?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304899704579388483531937144.html |
title=Bitcoin Platform Mt. Gox Apologizes for Delayed Response - CEO Karpeles Declines To Shed Light On How Customer Funds Are Protected |
publisher=Wall Street Journal |
author=Mochizuki, Takashi and Warnock, Eleanor |
date=February 17, 2014 }}</ref> A poll of 3000 Mt. Gox customers by CoinDesk indicated that 68% of customers were still awaiting funds from Mt. Gox. The median waiting time was between one to three months. 21% of poll respondents had been waiting for three months or more.<ref>{{cite news |
url=http://www.coindesk.com/mt-gox-users-awaiting-funds-survey-reveals/ |
title=68% of Mt. Gox Users Still Awaiting Their Funds, Survey Reveals |
date=15 February 2014 |
publisher=Coin Desk |
author=Wong, Joon Ian}}</ref>

On 20 February 2014, with all withdrawals still halted, Mt. Gox issued yet another statement, giving no date for the resumption of withdrawals.<ref name=cnbcfury>{{cite news |
url = http://www.cnbc.com/id/101431022 |
title=Bitcoin investor fury at Mt Gox delays |
date=February 20, 2014 |
publisher=CNBC |
author=Clinch, Matt}}</ref> A protest by two Bitcoin enthusiasts outside the building that houses the Mt. Gox headquarters in Tokyo continued.
Citing "security concerns", Mt. Gox announced they had moved their offices to a different location in Shibuya. Bitcoin prices quoted by Mt. Gox dropped below 20% of the prices on other exchanges, reflecting the market's estimate of the unlikelihood of Mt. Gox paying their customers.<ref>{{cite news |
url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/2/19/5425220/protest-at-mt-gox-bitcoin-exchange-in-tokyo |
title=Mt. Gox, where is our money? |
date=February 20, 2014 |
publisher=The Verge |
author=Byford, Sam}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |
title=Bitcoin exchange in Downward Spiral: "Mt Gox has left the building" |
publisher=Heise |
date=February 20, 2014 |
location=Hannover, Germany |
url=http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Bitcoin-Boerse-in-Abwaertsspirale-Mt-Gox-has-left-the-building-2119550.html }}</ref>

On 23 February 2014, Mark Karpelès, the CEO of Mt. Gox, resigned from the board of the [[Bitcoin Foundation]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/24/mtgox-bitcoinfoundation-idUSL3N0LT15X20140224 | work=Reuters | date=February 23, 2014 | title=Mt. Gox resigns from Bitcoin Foundation | accessdate=25 February 2014 }}</ref> The same day, all posts on their Twitter account were removed.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/mtgox-resigns-from-bitcoin-foundation-2014-2 | publisher=Business Insider | date=February 23, 2014 | title=MtGox Resigns From Bitcoin Foundation, Deletes All Tweets From Twitter Feed | accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref>

On 24 February 2014, Mt. Gox suspended all trading, and hours later its website went offline, returning a blank page.<ref name="WiredGox"/><ref name="NYTGox"/><ref>{{cite news | url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/website-bitcoin-exchange-mt-gox-offline | first1=Yuriko | last1=Nagano | first2=Stephen | last2=Wright | title=Website of Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox offline | work=Associated Press | date=25 February 2014 | accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref> An alleged leaked internal crisis management document claimed that the company was insolvent, after losing 744,408 bitcoins in a theft which went undetected for years.<ref name="WiredGox">{{cite news | url=http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2014/02/bitcoins-mt-gox-implodes/?cid=co19086554 | title=Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox implodes amid allegations of $350 million hack| first=Robert |last=McMillan|work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|date=24 February 2014|accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="NYTGox">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/25/business/apparent-theft-at-mt-gox-shakes-bitcoin-world.html | title=Apparent theft at Mt. Gox shakes Bitcoin world|first1=Nathaniel|last1=Popper|first2=Rachel|last2=Abrams|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=25 February 2014|accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/feb/27/how-does-a-bug-in-bitcoin-lead-to-mtgoxs-collapse How a bug in bitcoin led to MtGox's collapse], Alex Hern, [[The Guardian]], Feb. 27, 2014</ref><ref>[http://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/2014/02/25/mt-gox-ceo-says-on-internet-chat-hasnt-given-up/]</ref> Six other major bitcoin exchanges released a joint statement distancing themselves from Mt. Gox, shortly before Mt. Gox's website went offline.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/25/mtgox-website-idUSL3N0LU1N920140225 | work=Reuters | title=Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox's website down | date=25 February 2014 | accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release | title=The Coinbase Blog - Joint Statement Regarding MtGox | date=24 February 2014 | work=The Coinbase Blog |publisher=Coinbase| url=http://blog.coinbase.com/post/77766809700/joint-statement-regarding-mtgox | accessdate=24 February 2014}}</ref>

On 25 February 2014, Mt.Gox reported on its website that a "decision was taken to close all transactions for the time being", citing "recent news reports and the potential repercussions on MtGox's operations". The chief executive, Mark Karpelès told ''Reuters'' that Mt. Gox was "at a turning point".<ref name=Reuters-closed>{{cite news|title=Mt. Gox website says all transactions closed "for the time being"|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/25/us-mtgox-website-idUSBREA1O07920140225|accessdate=25 February 2014|newspaper=Reuters|date=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=Lowery-end>{{cite news|last=Lowery|first=Adrian|title=Is it the beginning of the end for Bitcoin? Virtual currency in turmoil as rumoured $375m theft closes major exchange |url=http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/news/article-2567436/Bitcoin-turmoil-rumoured-375m-theft-closes-major-exchange.html|accessdate=25 February 2014|newspaper=This is money|date=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=Anklam-offline>{{cite news|last=Anklam|first=Fred|title=Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox goes offline amid turmoil|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2014/02/25/mt-gox-offline/5801093/|accessdate=25 February 2014|newspaper=USA Today|date=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=Vaishampayan>{{cite news|last=Vaishampayan|first=Saumya|title=Mt. Gox says transactions closed 'for time being'|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/mt-gox-says-transactions-closed-for-time-being-2014-02-25?link=MW_home_latest_news|accessdate=25 February 2014|newspaper=Market Watch|date=25 February 2014}}</ref>

On 28 February 2014 Mt. Gox filed for bankruptcy protection in Tokyo, reporting that it had liabilities of about 6.5 billion [[Japanese yen|yen]] ($64 million at the time), and 3.84 billion yen in assets.<ref name=warnock2014>{{cite news | first1=Eleanor | last1=Warnock | first2=Takashi | last2=Mochizuki | first3=Alexander|last3=Martin | date=28 February 2014 | work=The Wall Street Journal | url=http://online.wsj.com/news/article_email/SB10001424052702303801304579410010379087576 | title=Mt. Gox files for bankruptcy protection | accessdate=28 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=takemoto2014>{{cite news | title=Mt. Gox files for bankruptcy, blames hackers for losses | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/28/us-bitcoin-mtgox-bankruptcy-idUSBREA1R0FX20140228 | first1=Yoshifumi |last1=Takemoto |first2=Sophie |last2=Knight|work=Reuters|date=28 February 2014|accessdate=28 February 2014}}</ref> The company said they had lost almost 750,000 of its customers' bitcoins, and around 100,000 of its own bitcoins, totaling around 7% of all bitcoins, and worth around $473 million near the time of the filing.<ref name=warnock2014/><ref name=takemoto2014/> Mt. Gox released a statement saying "The company believes there is a high possibility that the Bitcoins were stolen,”<ref name="Bloomberg28">[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-02-28/mt-gox-exchange-files-for-bankruptcy.html Mt. Gox Seeks Bankruptcy After $480 Million Bitcoin Loss], Carter Dougherty and Grace Huang, [[Bloomberg News]], Feb. 28, 2014</ref> blaming hackers,<ref name=titan /> thus beginning a search for the missing money. Chief Executive of Mt. Gox, Mark Karpelès, said technical issues opened up the way for fraudulent withdrawals.

Mt. Gox also faces lawsuits from its customers.<ref name="Sidel-bitcoin vanish">{{cite news|last=Sidel|first=Robin|title=Almost Half a Billion Worth of Bitcoins Vanish|url=http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303801304579410010379087576?mod=WSJ_hp_LEFTWhatsNewsCollection&mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702303801304579410010379087576.html%3Fmod%3DWSJ_hp_LEFTWhatsNewsCollection|accessdate=3 March 2014|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=28 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.investing.com/news/economy-news/mtgox-boss-sued-for-bitcoin-losses-270031 | title=
MtGox Boss Sued For Bitcoin Losses | work=[[Investing.com]] | date=4 March 2014}}</ref>

On 9 March 2014, Mt. Gox filed for bankruptcy protection in the US, to temporarily halt U.S. legal action by traders who alleged the operation was a fraud.<ref name=Finley-bankruptcy>{{cite news|last=Finley|first=Klint|title=Bitcoin Exchange Mt. Gox Files for U.S. Bankruptcy as Death Spiral Continues|url=http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2014/03/gox-texas/|accessdate=11 March 2014|newspaper=Wired|date=10 March 2014}}</ref><ref name=Hals-bankrupt>{{cite news|last=Hals|first=Tom|title=Mt. Gox files U.S. bankruptcy, opponents call it a ruse|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/10/us-bitcoin-mtgox-bankruptcy-idUSBREA290WU20140310|accessdate=11 March 2014|newspaper=Reuters|date=10 March 2014}}</ref><ref name=NYP-Bankrupt>{{cite news|title=Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox files for US bankruptcy|url=http://nypost.com/2014/03/10/bitcoin-exchange-mt-gox-files-for-us-bankruptcy/|accessdate=11 March 2014|newspaper=New York Post|date=10 March 2014}}</ref>

On 20 March 2014, Mt. Gox reported on its website that it found some bitcoins — worth around $116 million — in an old digital wallet from 2011. That brings the total number of bitcoins the firm lost down to 650,000 from 850,000.<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140320-btc-announce.pdf
|title = 当社保有ビットコインの残高に関するお知らせ / Announcement regarding the balance of Bitcoin held by the company
|subtitle =
|author = Karpeles, Mark
|quote = MtGox Co., Ltd. had certain oldformat wallets which were used in the past and which, MtGox
thought, no longer held any bitcoins. Following the application for commencement of a civil rehabilitation proceeding, these wallets were rescanned and their balance researched. On March 7, 2014, MtGox Co., Ltd. confirmed that an oldformat wallet which was used prior to June 2011 held a balance of approximately 200,000 BTC (199,999.99 BTC).
|date = 2014-03-20
|format = PDF
|work =
|publisher = MtGox
|accessdate = 2014-03-22
|description =
|deadurl =
}}</ref>

On April 14, Mt. Gox lawyers said that Mark Karpeles wouldn't appear for a deposition in a Dallas court, or heed a subpoena by FinCEN.<ref name=titan>{{cite news|last=Mochizuki|first=Takashi|title=Tracing a Bitcoin's Exchange's Fall From the Top to Shutdown Mark Karpelès hoped to set up a bitcoin cafe in the building where his exchange rented space.|url=http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304311204579508300513992292?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304311204579508300513992292.html|accessdate=22 April 2014|newspaper=WSJ|date=20 April 2014}}</ref>
On 16 April 2014, Mt. Gox gave up its plan to rebuild under bankruptcy protection, and asked a Tokyo court to allow it to be liquidated.<ref>http://online.wsj.com/news/article_email/SB10001424052702303663604579504691512965308-lMyQjAxMTA0MDEwNTExNDUyWj</ref>

==See Also==

* [[Buying bitcoins]]
* [[Selling bitcoins]]
* [[Bitcoin Ladder]]

==External Links==

* [https://mtgox.com MT. Gox exchange] now defunct website

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Exchanges]]
[[Category:eWallets]]
[[Category:Shopping Cart Interfaces]]
[[ru:MtGox]]

Mt. Gox

2014-08-12T12:45:33Z

C0ldfusi0nz: /* History */ Adding rest of MTGOX history, up to point of shutdown

{{outdated}}{{infobox company|name=MtGox|image=[[File:MtGox.png|256px]]
|trading_name=Mt. Gox
|industry=[[Exchange|Fiat exchange]]
|foundation=July 18, 2010
|defunct=February 25, 2014
|location=Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan
|founder=[[Jed McCaleb]]
|owner=[[Mark Karpeles]]
|parent=[[Tibanne Ltd.]]
|pairs=USD/BTC EUR/BTC CAD/BTC GBP/BTC CHF/BTC RUB/BTC AUD/BTC SEK/BTC DKK/BTC HKD/BTC PLN/BTC CNY/BTC SGD/BTC TBH/BTC NZD/BTC JPY/BTC
|website=https://mtgox.com
}}'''MtGox''', called "Mount Gox" or simply "Gox", was the most widely used bitcoin [[currency exchange]] market from 2010-2013<ref>2011-06-07 on #bitcoin-otc: "MagicalTux: you could use the count of users on mtgox (went over 30k recently)"</ref> since it was started. The market was closed February 25, 2014.

A registrant on MtGox had at least two sub-accounts: one for bitcoins (BTC), and one for US dollars (USD or MTGUSD) or other national currency. Bitcoins were bought using funds from the trader's national currency account, and the proceeds from the sale of bitcoins were deposited into the same account. Trading always involved bitcoins as trading between different national currencies was not offered.

Trades on Mt. Gox's executed from balances on deposit with the exchange which in turn made trading on the market instantaneous, compared to most other Bitcoin markets of the time where a subsequent settlement occurred manually between the trading partners. The disadvantage of this was that a third party had to be trusted with keeping the money safe.

MtGox was originally started by Jed McCaleb in July 2010, and was sold to [[Tibanne Co.]] in Japan in March 2011. It was operated by Tibanne Co., managed by Mark Karpeles (MagicalTux).

==Trading==
===Buying and selling===

A buy order was executed partially or in full when the price bid could be matched against a sell order that was at or below the bid amount. A sell order was executed partially or in full when the price asked could be matched against a buy order that was at or above the ask amount. Orders that could not be matched immediately remain in the orderbook.

Unfunded orders did not appear in the order book, but were automatically inserted when a deposit was credited. For example, Mt. Gox allowed the entry of a "buy" order even if the account had insufficient funds. If possible, Mt. Gox would execute a portion of the order if it could be partially funded. If a deposit was later credited and the deposit resolves the insufficient funds status of an outstanding order, the order would be immediately activated, and if possible, executed.

===Fees===

Mt. Gox charged a trading fee of up to 0.6% from each party of successful trades made through the market. The fee appeared in the account history next to each trade. The trading fee was discounted for larger customers based on volume, which was calculated as a sliding window over the last 720 hours (30 days).

The fees were, by default, subtracted from the proceeds of each trade (e.g., a buy of 1.0 BTC will add to the account balance 0.994 BTC when the exchange fee is 0.6%). An account setting would allow fees to be added to the purchase amount instead (e.g., buying 1.0 BTC at $5 will cost about $5.03 when the exchange fee is 0.6%).

==Adding Funds==

===BTC===
There were no fees incurred when transferring bitcoins to a Mt. Gox account.

Funds were available once [[confirmation|confirmed]] (6 blocks)<ref>[http://www.bitcoin.org/smf/index.php?topic=3851.msg55220#msg55220 How long does it take to Deposit bitcoins to MtGox?]</ref>, a process that could take roughly an hour.

The deposit address was presented along with a QR code that can be scanned with a mobile. This address did not change with each deposit request.

The Add Bitcoins function experienced issues with some browser ad-blocking utilities even though no advertisements were displayed on the website.

====Redeemable Code====

Bitcoins from another Mt. Gox user sent by Mt. Gox [[redeemable code]] (A.K.A. "coupon") could be deposited and would be available for trading.

===OKPay===

[[OKPay]] could be used for depositing funds to USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, and RUB<ref>[https://support.mtgox.com/entries/21034626-okpay OKPAY]</ref>.

===Cash Deposit===

====U.S. (USD)====
* BitInstant - Cash (U.S. dollars) could be deposited at any of thousands of banks, 7-11, Walmart, CVS, Moneygram and more that [[BitInstant]] uses to transfer funds to your Mt. Gox account.

====Brazil (BRL)====
* BitInstant - Cash (Brazilian real) could be deposited using Boleto or through Banco Recomendito.

====Brazil (BRL)====
* BitInstant - Cash (Russian rubles) could be deposited using QIWI or Cyberplat

====UK (GBP)====
* Barclays - Cash (British pound sterling) could be deposited at any Barclays location. There was a 1.5% fee on deposits made with this method<ref>[https://mtgox.com/press_release_20120806.html Introducing a new 1.5% fee on Barclays cash deposit]</ref>.

===Bank Wire===

====International USD====
Funds in USD could be wired to the exchange's bank in Japan. Each wire is subject to a per-wire fee plus any intermediate fees.

====International Wire====

An account can be configured with a wallet for each of the currencies that the exchange supports<ref>[https://mtgox.zendesk.com/entries/20413328-mt-gox-opens-15-new-currency-markets Mt.Gox Opens 15 New Currency Markets]</ref>. When a wire is received in one of these currencies, that account will be credited.

* USD - U.S. Dollar
* EUR - Euro (SEPA or Int'l wire)
* CAD - Canadian Dollar
* GBP - British Pound (Domestic or Int'l wire)
* CHF - Swiss Francs
* RUB - Russian Rubles
* AUD - Australian Dollars
* SEK - Swedish Krona
* DKK - Danish Krona
* HKD - Hong Kong Dollars
* PLN - Polish Zloty (Domestic or Int'l wire)
* CNY - Chinese Yuan
* SGD - Singapore Dollars
* TBH - Thai Baht
* NZD - New Zealand Dollars
* JPY - Japanese Yen (Domestic or Int'l wire)

===Direct Deposit===
====EU====

Funds in EUR could be added using SEPA Direct Debit for free, with funds convert to USD at the current ECB rate at the time the funds were received<ref>[http://www.bitcoin.org/smf/index.php?topic=5461.0 MTGox: Euro deposits]</ref>.

====U.S.====

Mt. Gox doesn't directly support an ACH-based (direct deposit) deposit method. Dwolla supports ACH-based fund transfers and those funds can then be deposited with Mt. Gox.

====UK====

Funds could be sent as a GBP direct deposit free of charge.

====Australia====

Funds could be sent using direct deposit (BPay) for a AU$2.00 per-deposit fee. The funds will be converted to USD at the current rate.

==Withdrawing Funds==

MtGox imposes a $1,000 USD limit for withdrawals per 24 hours and a $10,000 USD limit for withdrawals per month with most non-verified accounts. Bitcoins withdrawn were counted toward this limit as well and the USD value was calculated at the market rate at the time of the attempted withdrawal. Customers that have been Verified have higher limits and customers that have Trusted status have limits even higher<ref>[http://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/2442/mtgox-trusted-vs-verified MtGox - trusted vs verified]</ref>. Any [[MtGox#Transfers_to_Other_Customers|account-to-account transfers]] made also count toward this limit as well.

Requests for higher withdrawal limits could be submitted by email
* For higher limits for withdrawal of USD funds, email: aml@mtgox.com
* For higher limits for withdrawal of BTC funds, email: btcupd@mtgox.com

See the [[MtGox#AML|AML]] section regarding verification levels for AML purposes.

===Dwolla===

[[Dwolla]] was among the fastest and least expensive methods for withdrawing USD funds from a Mt. Gox account. The transaction fee to do so was just $0.25.
[[Dwolla]] withdrawals were processed every hour during business hours (Japan time) and every 12 hours on weekends.

As of 25 May 2012, MtGox requires account holders to be "verified (level 1) - 'see below'" to withdraw via Dwolla. <ref>https://support.mtgox.com/entries/21503347-new-aml-policy-for-all-dwolla-users</ref>

The status of the withdrawal request will show one of the following status codes:

* Preparing: System was running checks to see if the transfer can be executed.
* Confirmed: Transfer could be executed and was pending in queue.
* Todo: Transfer was near the top of the queue and will be executed soon.
* Processed: Transfer has been processed.

===BTC===

Bitcoins could be withdrawn at no charge.

A [[green address]] option was available though this type of transaction could experience a delay if the exchange's wallet funding level for green address transactions was insufficient. The withdrawal form also offers an "open transaction" option which forces the transaction to go through the blockchain. If the recipient of a BTC withdrawal happens to also be from Mt. Gox's [[EWallet]], then that transfer would occur instantly and the transaction would not be broadcast to the Bitcoin network. This "open transaction" option forces a withdrawal to be broadcast to the Bitcoin network.

====Redeemable Code====

Mt. Gox no longer allows bitcoins or other currency to be withdrawn using a [[redeemable code]].

===Direct Deposit===
====U.S.====

There was currently no option for withdrawing funds through a direct deposit bank transaction. Funds withdrawn to Dwolla could then, in turn, be withdrawn with bank funds deposited as an ACH transaction.

====EU====

Users could withdraw any amount as a direct deposit to their bank. There was a 2% fee on these withdrawals. Contact the exchange by e-mail for this service.

====Australia====

A per-withdrawal fee (2,000 JPY) was subtracted and the remaining amount was sent via international wire in the chosen currency. If not AUD then an exchange fee of 2.5% would be charged.

===International Wire===

To any IBAN, SWIFT/BIC and ABA routable bank<ref>[http://www.facebook.com/MtGox/posts/343372689080478 Mt.Gox now offers international wire transfer to all US Banks]</ref>. Fee applies.

=

==Customer Service==

The preferred method for obtaining service was to place a request through the exchange's [https://mtgox.zendesk.com help desk]. Another method was to send e-mail with the request.

==Wallet/Banking==

An account at this exchange can be considered to be an [[eWallet]]. This service also offers [[:Category:ECommerce|eCommerce]] merchant [https://mtgox.com/merch/about payment services].

==Security Center==

The Security Center allows an account to be secured through the use of one or more One Time Password (OTP) solutions such as what YubiKey and Google Authenticator offer. Features can be protected where the OTP must be provided for each action and were configured independently.

For example, a typical configuration was to set OTP as being required for both withdrawals and security center changes but not for login. With that configuration, the worst damage that can happen from a compromised account or session would be that bitcoins would be bought or sold (though they could also be bought and sold over and over until funds were depleted).

* Login - The OTP must be provided for each login.
* Withdraw - The OTP must be provided for each withdrawal request.
* Security - The OTP must be provided during each configuration change to be performed.

==AML==

Varying degrees of verification will allow for greater per-day and per-month total amounts to be withdrawn<ref>[http://support.mtgox.com/entries/20919111-aml-account-statuses AML Account Statuses]</ref>.

===Unverified (Level 0)===

Designed for basic users, consumers and Bitcoin enthusiasts where 10,000 USD (monthly) was enough for most needs.

===Verified (Level 1)===

The "verified" status was designed for active traders and/or small companies.

===Trusted (Level 2)===

The “trusted” status was designed for day traders, professionals, and companies.

==API==

Mt Gox offers an [[MtGox/API|API]] which can be used to automate operations.

==Data Services==

===Web===
* Bitstock live watcher for trades, depth, history [http://bitstock.info bitstock.info] (Websockets browser required)
* [[Bitcoin Charts]]
* Clark Moody's [[Real Time Bitcoin Market Data]] including Ticker, Order Book and Time Sales (Websockets browser support required)
* [[MtGox Live]] (Websockets browser support required)
* [[Bitcoin Arbitrage Opportunities]] (Websockets browser support required)
* [[Bitcoin Prices]] market rates in multiple currencies
* [https://mtgox-viz.appspot.com MtGox-Viz], a visualization of your MtGox account history

===Windows===
* [[Sierra Chart MtGox Bridge]] trading and charting tool.
* [[ToyTrader]] command line trading tool

===Mac OS X===
* [[BitTicker]] for Mac OS X
* [http://sneak.datavibe.net/20110613/mtgoxwatcher MtGox Watcher] for Mac OS X

===Mobile===
* [[BitcoinX]] mobile app with bid, ask and 24 hour history. For Android
* [[MtGox Live]] Bitcoin Trader with buy, sell, send, chart and depth for Android and iOS
* [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.veken0m.cavirtex Bitcoinium] for Android on Google Play

=== firefox addon ===
* [https://github.com/joric/mtgox-ticker] firefox ticker addon

===Linux===
* [http://www.goxsh.info goxsh] command line ticker / depth chart

==E-Commerce==

Online sellers could accept bitcoins for payment using the Mt. Gox's E-commerce Solution, which was an interface to the exchange's [[MtGox/API/HTTP/v1#Merchant_System|Merchant System API]].

==History==
The exchange went online on July 18, 2010.<ref>[http://www.bitcoin.org/smf/index.php?topic=444.0 MtGox announcement on forum]</ref>

On October 10, 2010 the exchange switched from [[PayPal]] to Liberty Reserve as the main funding option as a result of this attack. Former PayPal customers still had the possibility to withdraw their USD using alternative methods.

On March 6th, 2011 ownership of the exchange changed hands<ref>[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=4187.0 Mtgox is changing owners]</ref>. Tibanne publishes their [http://legal.tibanne.com/docs/20110801_company_certificate.pdf company certificate] from the Japanese government.

On June 19, 2011 the service experienced a significant security breach<ref>[https://support.mtgox.com/entries/20224998-huge-bitcoin-sell-off-due-to-a-compromised-account-rollback Huge Bitcoin sell off due to a compromised account - rollback]</ref>. The incident caused a selloff down to BTC/USD of $0.01 due to fraudulent trading. The site was disabled and all trading following the point that fraudulent trading began was rolled back. Complicating this breach was the release of a list of the exchange's accounts including username, email address and a password hash, which forced the exchange to implement an account recovery method for customers to regain control of their accounts.

In July, 2011 it was observed that the exchange no longer allows new registrations to occur without having a valid e-mail address.

On July 19, 2011 a press release announced that MtGox had acquired [[MtGox Live]].<ref>[https://mtgox.com/press_release_20110719.html World's Leading Bitcoin Exchange, Mt.Gox, acquires MtGoxLive.com]</ref>

Announced on March 6, 2012 was the Merchant Solution and API<ref>[https://mtgox.com/press_release_20120306.html Mt.Gox launches the definitive bitcoin checkout solution]</ref>

===Trading incidents===
On 19 June 2011, a security breach of the Mt. Gox bitcoin exchange caused the nominal price of a bitcoin to fraudulently drop to one cent on the Mt. Gox exchange, after a hacker allegedly used credentials from a Mt. Gox auditor's compromised computer illegally to transfer a large number of bitcoins to himself. He used the exchange's software to sell them all nominally, creating a massive "[[Ask price|ask]]" order at any price. Within minutes the price corrected to its correct user-traded value.<ref>{{cite press release | last=Karpeles | first=Mark | title=Clarification of Mt Gox Compromised Accounts and Major Bitcoin Sell-Off | date=30 June 2011 | url=https://mtgox.com/press_release_20110630.html | publisher=Tibanne Co. Ltd. | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919162635/https://mtgox.com/press_release_20110630.html | archivedate=19 September 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|people= |date= 19 June 2011 |time= |medium= |url= http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1X6qQt9ONg |accessdate= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |title= Bitcoin Report Volume 8 - (FLASHCRASH) |publisher=YouTube BitcoinChannel |id= |quote= |ref= }}</ref><ref name="mick">{{cite news|last= Mick |first= Jason |title= Inside the Mega-Hack of Bitcoin: the Full Story |date= 19 June 2011 |url= http://www.dailytech.com/Inside+the+MegaHack+of+Bitcoin+the+Full+Story/article21942.htm | work=DailyTech }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first=Timothy B.|last=Lee |date=19 June 2011 | url=http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/06/bitcoin-price-plummets-on-compromised-exchange.ars | title=Bitcoin prices plummet on hacked exchange | work=Ars Technica | publisher=[[Condé Nast]] }}</ref><ref>Mark Karpeles, 20 June 2011, [http://bitgear.co/blogs/news/13602537-huge-bitcoin-sell-off-due-to-a-compromised-account-rollback Huge Bitcoin sell off due to a compromised account – rollback], Mt. Gox Support</ref><ref name="register1">{{cite news|title= Bitcoin collapses on malicious trade – Mt Gox scrambling to raise the Titanic |url= http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/06/19/bitcoin_values_collapse_again/ |date=19 June 2011 |author= Chirgwin, Richard | work=The Register }}</ref> Accounts with the equivalent of more than $8,750,000 were affected.<ref name="mick" /> In order to prove that Mt.Gox still had control of the coins, the move of 424,242 bitcoins from "cold storage" to a Mt.Gox address was announced beforehand and executed in Block 132749.<ref>http://blockexplorer.com/b/132749</ref>

In October 2011, about two dozen transactions appeared in the block chain (Block 150951)<ref>http://blockexplorer.com/b/150951</ref> that sent a total of 2,609 BTC to invalid addresses. As no private key could ever be assigned to them, these Bitcoins were effectively lost. While the standard client would check for such an error and reject the transactions, nodes on the network would not, exposing a weakness in the protocol.

On 22 February 2013, following an introduction of new anti-[[money laundering]] requirements by [[Dwolla]], some Dwolla accounts became temporarily restricted. As a result, transactions from Mt. Gox to those accounts were cancelled by Dwolla. The funds never made it back to Mt. Gox accounts. Mt. Gox help desk issued the following comment: "Please be advised that you are actually not allowed to cancel any withdrawals received from Mt. Gox as we have never had this case before and we are working with Dwolla to locate your returned funds." The funds were finally returned on May 3, more than 3 months later, with a note "Please be advised never to cancel any Dwolla withdrawals from us again".

In March 2013, the bitcoin transaction log or "blockchain" temporarily forked into two independent logs with differing rules on how transactions could be accepted. The Mt. Gox bitcoin exchange briefly halted bitcoin deposits. Bitcoin prices briefly dipped by 23% to $37 as the event occurred<ref name=ArsFork>{{cite news|last=Lee|first=Timothy|title=Major glitch in Bitcoin network sparks sell-off; price temporarily falls 23%|url=http://arstechnica.com/business/2013/03/major-glitch-in-bitcoin-network-sparks-sell-off-price-temporarily-falls-23/|work=Ars Technica| publisher=[[Condé Nast]]|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref><ref name=VergeFork>{{cite news|last=Blagdon|first=Jeff|title=Technical problems cause Bitcoin to plummet from record high, Mt. Gox suspends deposits|url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/3/12/4092898/technical-problems-cause-bitcoin-to-plummet-from-record-high|work=The Verge|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> before recovering to their previous level in the following hours, a price of approximately $48.<ref>{{cite web| title=Bitcoin Charts | work=Bitcoin Charts | url=http://bitcoincharts.com/charts/mtgoxUSD#rg60zczsg2013-03-12zeg2013-03-15ztgSzm1g10zm2g25zv}}</ref>

===Suspension of trading 2013===
Mt. Gox suspended trading on 11 April 2013 until 12 April 2013 2 am [[UTC]] for a "market cooldown".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MtGox/status/322355614414147588 |title=Twitter / MtGox: Trading is suspended until |publisher=Twitter.com |date= |accessdate=2014-02-17}}{{dead link|date=February 2014}}</ref> The value of a single bitcoin fell to a low of $55.59 after the resumption of trading before stabilizing above $100. Around mid May 2013, Mt. Gox traded 150,000 bitcoins per day per Bitcoin Charts.<ref name=titan />

Mt. Gox suspended withdrawals in US dollars on June 20, 2013.<ref>{{cite news | title=Bitcoin’s Big Bank Problem: Why Did Mt. Gox Halt U.S. Payouts? | url=http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/06/mt-gox-stops/ | last=McMillan|first=Robert | work=Wired | publisher=[[Condé Nast]] | date=20 June 2013}}</ref> The [[Mizuho Bank]] branch in Tokyo that handled Mt. Gox transactions pressured Mt. Gox from then on to close its account.<ref name=titan /> On July 4, 2013, Mt. Gox announced that it had "fully resumed" withdrawals, but as of September 5, 2013, few US dollar withdrawals had been successfully completed.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2013/07/05/bitcoin-operator-mt-gox-resumes-withdrawals/ |
title=Bitcoin operator Mt. Gox resumes withdrawals |
last=Vigna|first=Paul |
date=5 July 2013 |
work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |
url=http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2013/07/30/bitcoin-exchange-mt-gox-still-grappling-with-slowdown/ |
title=Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox still grappling with slowdown |
last=Vigna|first=Paul |
date=31 July 2013 |
work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |
url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/beltway/2013/09/03/how-bitcoin-spreads-violate-a-fundamental-economic-law/ |
work=Forbes |
date=3 September 2013 |
title=How Bitcoin spreads violate a fundamental economic law |
author=Marron, Donald}}</ref>

On August 5, 2013, Mt. Gox announced that they incurred "significant losses" due to crediting deposits which had not fully cleared and that new deposits would no longer be credited until the funds transfer was fully completed.<ref>{{cite press release | title=August 2013 Mt. Gox Status Update | publisher=Mt. Gox Co. Ltd. | date=5 August 2013 | url=https://www.mtgox.com/press_release_20130805.html | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805084259/https://www.mtgox.com/press_release_20130805.html | archivedate=5 August 2013}}</ref>

===CoinLab lawsuit and Homeland Security seizure of US funds===
On 2 May 2013 CoinLab filed a $75 million lawsuit against Mt. Gox alleging a breach of contract.<ref name=chen2013>{{cite news|last=Chen | first=Adrian | work=Gawker Media | date=2 May 2013 | title=Massive Bitcoin Business Partnership Devolves Into $75 Million Lawsuit|url=http://gawker.com/massive-bitcoin-business-partnership-devolves-into-75-487857656|accessdate=8 June 2013}}</ref> The companies had formed a partnership in February 2013 under which CoinLab handled all of Mt. Gox's North American services.<ref name=chen2013/> CoinLab's lawsuit contends that Mt. Gox failed to allow them to move existing U.S. and Canadian customers from Mt. Gox to CoinLab.<ref name=chen2013/>

On 15 May 2013 the US [[Department of Homeland Security]] (DHS) issued a warrant to seize money from Mt. Gox's US subsidiary's account with payment processor [[Dwolla]].<ref name=dillet2013/> The warrant suggests the US [[Immigration and Customs Enforcement]], an investigative branch of the DHS, felt that the subsidiary, which was not licensed by the US [[Financial Crimes Enforcement Network]] (FinCEN), was operating as an unregistered [[money transmitter]] in the US.<ref name=dillet2013>{{cite news|last=Dillet|first=Romain|title=Feds Seize Assets From Mt. Gox’s Dwolla Account, Accuse It Of Violating Money Transfer Regulations | work=TechCrunch | publisher=[[AOL|AOL Inc.]] | date=16 May 2013 | url=http://techcrunch.com/2013/05/16/mt-gox-dwolla-account-money-seizure/ | accessdate=10 February 2014 }}</ref><ref name=msblic>{{ cite news | title=MtGox Gets FinCEN MSB License | work=Bitcoin Magazine | publisher=Coin Publishing Ltd. | first=Vitalik | last=Buterin | date=29 June 2013 | url=http://bitcoinmagazine.com/5560/mtgox-gets-fincen-msb-license/ | accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref> Between May and July more than $5 million were seized. <ref name=titan /> On 29 June 2013, Mt. Gox received its [[money services business]] (MSB) license from FinCEN.<ref name=msblic/>

===Withdrawals delayed or refused===
''[[Wired Magazine]]'' reported in November 2013 that customers were experiencing delays of weeks to months in withdrawing funds from their accounts.<ref name=mcmillan2013>{{cite news | title=The rise and fall of the world's largest Bitcoin exchange | last1=McMillan | first1=Robert | last2=Metz | first2=Cade | work=Wired | publisher=[[Condé Nast]] | date=6 November 2013 | url=http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/11/mtgox/ | accessdate=8 February 2014 }}</ref> The article said that the company had “effectively been frozen out of the U.S. banking system because of its regulatory problems”. Customer complaints about long delays were mounting as of February 2014, with more than 3300 posts in a thread about the topic on the Bitcoin Talk online forum.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.coindesk.com/poll-mt-gox-withdrawal-issues/ | title=Poll: Are you having Mt. Gox withdrawal issues? | last=Wong | first=Joon Ian | date=4 February 2014 | work=CoinDesk | accessdate=9 February 2014 }}</ref>

==Bankruptcy and shutdown==

On 7 February 2014, all Bitcoin withdrawals were halted by Mt. Gox.<ref name=doughterty2014>{{cite news | work=Bloomberg | date=7 February 2014 | url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-02-07/bitcoin-price-falls-as-mt-gox-exchange-halts-activity.html | title= Bitcoin Price Plunges as Mt. Gox Exchange Halts Activity | last=Dougherty | first=Carter | accessdate=9 February 2014 }}</ref> The company said it was pausing withdrawal requests “to obtain a clear technical view of the currency processes”.<ref name=doughterty2014/> The company issued a press release on February 10, 2014 stating that the issue was due to transaction malleability: “A bug in the bitcoin software makes it possible for someone to use the Bitcoin network to alter transaction details to make it seem like a sending of bitcoins to a bitcoin wallet did not occur when in fact it did occur. Since the transaction appears as if it has not proceeded correctly, the bitcoins may be resent. MtGox is working with the Bitcoin core development team and others to mitigate this issue.”<ref>{{cite press release | title=Update - Statement Regarding BTC Withdrawal Delays | publisher=Mt. Gox Co. Ltd. | date=10 February 2014 | url=https://www.mtgox.com/press_release_20140210.html | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210122955/https://www.mtgox.com/press_release_20140210.html | archivedate=10 February 2014 }}</ref><ref>http://www.pokerupdate.com/news/business-and-finance/mt-gox-shutdown-puts-bitcoin-investors-on-edge/</ref>

On 17 February 2014, with all Mt. Gox withdrawals still halted and competing exchanges back in full operation, the company published another press release indicating the steps they claim they are taking to address security issues.<ref>{{cite press release | title=20140217-Announcement: Tokyo, Japan, February 17th, 2014 | url=https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140217-Announcement.pdf | format=PDF | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140217-Announcement.pdf | archivedate=17 February 2014 | date=17 February 2014 | location=Tokyo | publisher=Mt. Gox }}</ref> In an email interview with the ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'', CEO Mark Karpelès refused to comment on increasing concerns among customers about the financial status of the exchange, did not give a definite date on which withdrawals would be resumed, and wrote that the exchange would impose "new daily and monthly limits" on withdrawals if and when they were resumed.<ref>{{cite news |
url=http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304899704579388483531937144?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304899704579388483531937144.html |
title=Bitcoin Platform Mt. Gox Apologizes for Delayed Response - CEO Karpeles Declines To Shed Light On How Customer Funds Are Protected |
publisher=Wall Street Journal |
author=Mochizuki, Takashi and Warnock, Eleanor |
date=February 17, 2014 }}</ref> A poll of 3000 Mt. Gox customers by CoinDesk indicated that 68% of customers were still awaiting funds from Mt. Gox. The median waiting time was between one to three months. 21% of poll respondents had been waiting for three months or more.<ref>{{cite news |
url=http://www.coindesk.com/mt-gox-users-awaiting-funds-survey-reveals/ |
title=68% of Mt. Gox Users Still Awaiting Their Funds, Survey Reveals |
date=15 February 2014 |
publisher=Coin Desk |
author=Wong, Joon Ian}}</ref>

On 20 February 2014, with all withdrawals still halted, Mt. Gox issued yet another statement, giving no date for the resumption of withdrawals.<ref name=cnbcfury>{{cite news |
url = http://www.cnbc.com/id/101431022 |
title=Bitcoin investor fury at Mt Gox delays |
date=February 20, 2014 |
publisher=CNBC |
author=Clinch, Matt}}</ref> A protest by two Bitcoin enthusiasts outside the building that houses the Mt. Gox headquarters in Tokyo continued.
Citing "security concerns", Mt. Gox announced they had moved their offices to a different location in [[Shibuya]]. Bitcoin prices quoted by Mt. Gox dropped below 20% of the prices on other exchanges, reflecting the market's estimate of the unlikelihood of Mt. Gox paying their customers.<ref>{{cite news |
url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/2/19/5425220/protest-at-mt-gox-bitcoin-exchange-in-tokyo |
title=Mt. Gox, where is our money? |
date=February 20, 2014 |
publisher=The Verge |
author=Byford, Sam}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |
title=Bitcoin exchange in Downward Spiral: "Mt Gox has left the building" |
publisher=Heise |
date=February 20, 2014 |
location=Hannover, Germany |
url=http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Bitcoin-Boerse-in-Abwaertsspirale-Mt-Gox-has-left-the-building-2119550.html }}</ref>

On 23 February 2014, Mark Karpelès, the CEO of Mt. Gox, resigned from the board of the [[Bitcoin Foundation]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/24/mtgox-bitcoinfoundation-idUSL3N0LT15X20140224 | work=Reuters | date=February 23, 2014 | title=Mt. Gox resigns from Bitcoin Foundation | accessdate=25 February 2014 }}</ref> The same day, all posts on their Twitter account were removed.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/mtgox-resigns-from-bitcoin-foundation-2014-2 | publisher=Business Insider | date=February 23, 2014 | title=MtGox Resigns From Bitcoin Foundation, Deletes All Tweets From Twitter Feed | accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref>

On 24 February 2014, Mt. Gox suspended all trading, and hours later its website went offline, returning a blank page.<ref name="WiredGox"/><ref name="NYTGox"/><ref>{{cite news | url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/website-bitcoin-exchange-mt-gox-offline | first1=Yuriko | last1=Nagano | first2=Stephen | last2=Wright | title=Website of Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox offline | work=Associated Press | date=25 February 2014 | accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref> An alleged leaked internal [[crisis management]] document claimed that the company was insolvent, after losing 744,408 bitcoins in a theft which went undetected for years.<ref name="WiredGox">{{cite news | url=http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2014/02/bitcoins-mt-gox-implodes/?cid=co19086554 | title=Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox implodes amid allegations of $350 million hack| first=Robert |last=McMillan|work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|date=24 February 2014|accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="NYTGox">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/25/business/apparent-theft-at-mt-gox-shakes-bitcoin-world.html | title=Apparent theft at Mt. Gox shakes Bitcoin world|first1=Nathaniel|last1=Popper|first2=Rachel|last2=Abrams|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=25 February 2014|accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/feb/27/how-does-a-bug-in-bitcoin-lead-to-mtgoxs-collapse How a bug in bitcoin led to MtGox's collapse], Alex Hern, [[The Guardian]], Feb. 27, 2014</ref><ref>[http://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/2014/02/25/mt-gox-ceo-says-on-internet-chat-hasnt-given-up/]</ref> Six other major bitcoin exchanges released a joint statement distancing themselves from Mt. Gox, shortly before Mt. Gox's website went offline.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/25/mtgox-website-idUSL3N0LU1N920140225 | work=Reuters | title=Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox's website down | date=25 February 2014 | accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release | title=The Coinbase Blog - Joint Statement Regarding MtGox | date=24 February 2014 | work=The Coinbase Blog |publisher=Coinbase| url=http://blog.coinbase.com/post/77766809700/joint-statement-regarding-mtgox | accessdate=24 February 2014}}</ref>

On 25 February 2014, Mt.Gox reported on its website that a "decision was taken to close all transactions for the time being", citing "recent news reports and the potential repercussions on MtGox's operations". The chief executive, Mark Karpelès told ''[[Reuters]]'' that Mt. Gox was "at a turning point".<ref name=Reuters-closed>{{cite news|title=Mt. Gox website says all transactions closed "for the time being"|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/25/us-mtgox-website-idUSBREA1O07920140225|accessdate=25 February 2014|newspaper=Reuters|date=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=Lowery-end>{{cite news|last=Lowery|first=Adrian|title=Is it the beginning of the end for Bitcoin? Virtual currency in turmoil as rumoured $375m theft closes major exchange |url=http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/news/article-2567436/Bitcoin-turmoil-rumoured-375m-theft-closes-major-exchange.html|accessdate=25 February 2014|newspaper=This is money|date=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=Anklam-offline>{{cite news|last=Anklam|first=Fred|title=Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox goes offline amid turmoil|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2014/02/25/mt-gox-offline/5801093/|accessdate=25 February 2014|newspaper=USA Today|date=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=Vaishampayan>{{cite news|last=Vaishampayan|first=Saumya|title=Mt. Gox says transactions closed 'for time being'|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/mt-gox-says-transactions-closed-for-time-being-2014-02-25?link=MW_home_latest_news|accessdate=25 February 2014|newspaper=Market Watch|date=25 February 2014}}</ref>

On 28 February 2014 Mt. Gox filed for bankruptcy protection in Tokyo, reporting that it had liabilities of about 6.5 billion [[Japanese yen|yen]] ($64 million at the time), and 3.84 billion yen in assets.<ref name=warnock2014>{{cite news | first1=Eleanor | last1=Warnock | first2=Takashi | last2=Mochizuki | first3=Alexander|last3=Martin | date=28 February 2014 | work=The Wall Street Journal | url=http://online.wsj.com/news/article_email/SB10001424052702303801304579410010379087576 | title=Mt. Gox files for bankruptcy protection | accessdate=28 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=takemoto2014>{{cite news | title=Mt. Gox files for bankruptcy, blames hackers for losses | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/28/us-bitcoin-mtgox-bankruptcy-idUSBREA1R0FX20140228 | first1=Yoshifumi |last1=Takemoto |first2=Sophie |last2=Knight|work=Reuters|date=28 February 2014|accessdate=28 February 2014}}</ref> The company said they had lost almost 750,000 of its customers' bitcoins, and around 100,000 of its own bitcoins, totaling around 7% of all bitcoins, and worth around $473 million near the time of the filing.<ref name=warnock2014/><ref name=takemoto2014/> Mt. Gox released a statement saying "The company believes there is a high possibility that the Bitcoins were stolen,”<ref name="Bloomberg28">[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-02-28/mt-gox-exchange-files-for-bankruptcy.html Mt. Gox Seeks Bankruptcy After $480 Million Bitcoin Loss], Carter Dougherty and Grace Huang, [[Bloomberg News]], Feb. 28, 2014</ref> blaming hackers,<ref name=titan /> thus beginning a search for the missing money. Chief Executive of Mt. Gox, Mark Karpelès, said technical issues opened up the way for fraudulent withdrawals.

Mt. Gox also faces lawsuits from its customers.<ref name="Sidel-bitcoin vanish">{{cite news|last=Sidel|first=Robin|title=Almost Half a Billion Worth of Bitcoins Vanish|url=http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303801304579410010379087576?mod=WSJ_hp_LEFTWhatsNewsCollection&mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702303801304579410010379087576.html%3Fmod%3DWSJ_hp_LEFTWhatsNewsCollection|accessdate=3 March 2014|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=28 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.investing.com/news/economy-news/mtgox-boss-sued-for-bitcoin-losses-270031 | title=
MtGox Boss Sued For Bitcoin Losses | work=[[Investing.com]] | date=4 March 2014}}</ref>

On 9 March 2014, Mt. Gox filed for [[bankruptcy protection]] in the US, to temporarily halt U.S. legal action by traders who alleged the operation was a fraud.<ref name=Finley-bankruptcy>{{cite news|last=Finley|first=Klint|title=Bitcoin Exchange Mt. Gox Files for U.S. Bankruptcy as Death Spiral Continues|url=http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2014/03/gox-texas/|accessdate=11 March 2014|newspaper=Wired|date=10 March 2014}}</ref><ref name=Hals-bankrupt>{{cite news|last=Hals|first=Tom|title=Mt. Gox files U.S. bankruptcy, opponents call it a ruse|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/10/us-bitcoin-mtgox-bankruptcy-idUSBREA290WU20140310|accessdate=11 March 2014|newspaper=Reuters|date=10 March 2014}}</ref><ref name=NYP-Bankrupt>{{cite news|title=Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox files for US bankruptcy|url=http://nypost.com/2014/03/10/bitcoin-exchange-mt-gox-files-for-us-bankruptcy/|accessdate=11 March 2014|newspaper=New York Post|date=10 March 2014}}</ref>

On 20 March 2014, Mt. Gox reported on its website that it found some bitcoins — worth around $116 million — in an old digital wallet from 2011. That brings the total number of bitcoins the firm lost down to 650,000 from 850,000.<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.mtgox.com/img/pdf/20140320-btc-announce.pdf
|title = 当社保有ビットコインの残高に関するお知らせ / Announcement regarding the balance of Bitcoin held by the company
|subtitle =
|author = Karpeles, Mark
|quote = MtGox Co., Ltd. had certain oldformat wallets which were used in the past and which, MtGox
thought, no longer held any bitcoins. Following the application for commencement of a civil rehabilitation proceeding, these wallets were rescanned and their balance researched. On March 7, 2014, MtGox Co., Ltd. confirmed that an oldformat wallet which was used prior to June 2011 held a balance of approximately 200,000 BTC (199,999.99 BTC).
|date = 2014-03-20
|format = PDF
|work =
|publisher = MtGox
|accessdate = 2014-03-22
|description =
|deadurl =
}}</ref>

On April 14, Mt. Gox lawyers said that Mark Karpeles wouldn't appear for a deposition in a Dallas court, or heed a subpoena by FinCEN.<ref name=titan>{{cite news|last=Mochizuki|first=Takashi|title=Tracing a Bitcoin's Exchange's Fall From the Top to Shutdown Mark Karpelès hoped to set up a bitcoin cafe in the building where his exchange rented space.|url=http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304311204579508300513992292?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304311204579508300513992292.html|accessdate=22 April 2014|newspaper=WSJ|date=20 April 2014}}</ref>
On 16 April 2014, Mt. Gox gave up its plan to rebuild under bankruptcy protection, and asked a Tokyo court to allow it to be liquidated.<ref>http://online.wsj.com/news/article_email/SB10001424052702303663604579504691512965308-lMyQjAxMTA0MDEwNTExNDUyWj</ref>

==See Also==

* [[Buying bitcoins]]
* [[Selling bitcoins]]
* [[Bitcoin Ladder]]

==External Links==

* [https://mtgox.com MT. Gox exchange] now defunct website

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Exchanges]]
[[Category:eWallets]]
[[Category:Shopping Cart Interfaces]]
[[ru:MtGox]]

Research

2014-05-22T12:48:28Z

C0ldfusi0nz: Adding "Information Propagation in the Bitcoin Network" research paper

Publications including research and analysis of Bitcoin or related areas.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Title
! Author
! Type
! Year
! Links
|-
| Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System
| Satoshi Nakamoto
| Research paper
| 2009
| [http://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf Download] [[Bitcoin_paper |wiki page]]
|-
| Triple Entry Accounting
| Ian Grigg
| Research paper
| 2005
| [http://iang.org/papers/triple_entry.html Download]
|-
| Cyberlaundering: Anonymous Digital Cash and Money Laundering
| R. Mark Bortner
| Research paper
| 1996
| [http://osaka.law.miami.edu/~froomkin/seminar/papers/bortner.htm Download]
|-
| Shadowy Figures: Tracking Illicit Financial Transactions in the Murky World of Digital Currencies, Peer–to–Peer Networks, and Mobile Device Payments
| John Villasenor, Cody Monk, Christopher Bronk
| Research paper
| 2011
| [http://www.bakerinstitute.org/publications/ITP-pub-FinancialTransactions-082911.pdf Download]
|-
| An Analysis of Anonymity in the Bitcoin System
| Fergal Reid, Martin Harrigan
| Research paper
| 2011
| [http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.4524 Download], [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=31539.0 discussion]
|-
| Bitcoin: An Innovative Alternative Digital Currency
| Reuben Grinberg
| Research paper
| 2011
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1817857 Download], [http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=6247.0 discussion]
|-
| Bitcoin NFC
| David Allen Bronleewe
| Master's report
| 2011
| [http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-4150/BRONLEEWE-MASTERS-REPORT.pdf?sequence=1 Download], [http://code.google.com/p/bitcoin-nfc source code]
|-
| Optimal pool abuse strategy
| Raulo
| Research paper
| 2011
| [http://bitcoin.atspace.com/poolcheating.pdf Download], [http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3165.0 discussion]
|-
| Abusing Bitcoin cooperative mining pools: strategies for egoistical but honest miners
| Nakamoto Ryo
| Research paper
| 2011
| [http://www.bitcoinservice.co.uk/files/111 Download], [http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=2941.0 discussion]
|-
| Analysis of Bitcoin Pooled Mining Reward Systems
| Meni Rosenfeld
| Research paper
| 2011
| [https://bitcoil.co.il/pool_analysis.pdf Download], [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=32814.0 discussion]
|-
| Bitcoin Exchange system
| Tomáš Jiříček
| Research paper
| 2012
| [https://dip.felk.cvut.cz/browse/pdfcache/jiricto2_2012bach.pdf Download]
|-
| On Bitcoin and Red Balloons
| Moshe Babaioff, Shahar Dobzinski, Sigal Oren, Aviv Zohar
| Publication article
| 2012
| [http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/156072/bitcoin.pdf Download]
|-
| 2011 Observations on the Digital Currency Industry
| Mark Herpel
| Publication article
| 2011
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1721076 Download]
|-
| MAVE, New Lightweight Digital Signature Protocols for Massive Verifications
| Sergio Demian Lerner
| Research paper
| 2012 (preliminary)
| [http://bitslog.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/mave1.pdf Download]
|-
| MAVEPAY, a New Lightweight Payment Scheme for Peer to Peer Currency Networks
| Sergio Demian Lerner
| Research paper
| 2012 (preliminary)
| [http://bitslog.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/mavepay1.pdf Download]
|-
| Bitcoin: Eine erste Einordnung (an initial classification)
| Christoph Sorge, Artus Krohn-Grimberghe
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://www.springerlink.com/content/cw1v762571tr4462/ Download], [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=90233.0 discussion]
|-
| Bitcoin - an introduction to the workings and a preliminary analysis and understanding of potential legal issues
| Jean-Daniel Schmid, Alexander Schmid
| Article
| 2012
| [http://ef-r.ch/images/publications/1338882576_Bitcoin.pdf Download]
|-
| Secure multiparty Bitcoin anonymization
| Edward Z. Yang
| Article
| 2012
| [http://blog.ezyang.com/2012/07/secure-multiparty-bitcoin-anonymization/ Download], [http://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/wvm2w/secure_multiparty_bitcoin_anonymization/ discussion]
|-
| Bitcoin & Gresham's Law - the economic inevitability of Collapse
| Philipp Güring, Ian Grigg
| Article
| 2011
| [http://iang.org/papers/BitcoinBreachesGreshamsLaw.pdf Download]
|-
| Today Techies, Tomorrow the World? Bitcoin.
| Reuben Grinberg
| Article
| 2012
| [http://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/review/2012_1/22-31MR53.pdf Download]
|-
| Traveling the Silk Road: A measurement analysis of a large anonymous online marketplace
| Nicolas Christin
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://www.cylab.cmu.edu/files/pdfs/tech_reports/CMUCyLab12018.pdf Download]
|-
| CommitCoin: Carbon Dating Commitments with Bitcoin
| Jeremy Clark and Aleksander Essex
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://people.scs.carleton.ca/~clark/papers/2012_fc.pdf Download extended abstract] [http://eprint.iacr.org/2011/677.pdf Download technical report]
|-
| Quantitative Analysis of the Full Bitcoin Transaction Graph
| Dorit Ron and Adi Shamir
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://eprint.iacr.org/2012/584.pdf Download]
|-
| Design and security analysis of Bitcoin infrastructure using application deployed on Google Apps Engine
| Piotr "ThePiachu" Piasecki
| Master's thesis
| 2012
| [https://dl.dropbox.com/u/3658181/PiotrPiasecki-BitcoinMasterThesis.pdf Download], [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=88149.0 discussion]
|-
| The Production of Freedom: Value Production in the US- dominated Financial System, and Possible Alternatives
| Jeremy Kirshbaum
| Master's thesis
| 2012 (preliminary)
| [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JIyMWIibqH8x20vGBTMBZ2yqM7Xbp54UpWBh0o2H7WI/edit?pli=1 Download], [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=87404.0 discussion]
|-
| COIN: a distributed accounting system for peer to peer networks
| Fabio Varesano
| Bachelor's thesis
| 2012
| [http://www.varesano.net/contents/projects/coin%20distributed%20accounting%20system%20peer%20peer%20networks Download]
|-
| BITCOIN CLIENTS
| Rostislav Skudnov
| Bachelor's thesis
| 2012
| [http://publications.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/47166/Skudnov_Rostislav.pdf?sequence=1 Download]
|-
| Bitter to Better—How to Make Bitcoin a Better Currency
| Simon Barber, Xavier Boyen, Elaine Shi, Ersin Uzun
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://crypto.stanford.edu/~xb/fc12/bitcoin.pdf Download]
|-
| NooShare: A decentralized ledger of shared computational resources
| Alex Coventry
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://mit.edu/alex_c/www/nooshare.pdf Download]
|-
| Bits and Bets. Information, Price Volatility, and Demand for Bitcoin
| Martis Buchholz, Jess Delaney, Joseph Warren
| Final project
| 2012
| [http://academic.reed.edu/economics/parker/s12/312/finalproj/Bitcoin.pdf Download], [http://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/x7kop/economic_analysis_of_the_demand_for_bitcoin discussion], [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=96003.0 discussion]
|-
| Two Bitcoins at the Price of One? Double Spending attacks on Fast Payments in Bitcoin
| Ghassan O. Karame, Elli Androulaki, Srdjan Cap-kun
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://eprint.iacr.org/2012/248 Download]
|-
| Nerdy Money: Bitcoin, the Private Digital Currency, and the Case Against Its Regulation
| Nikolei M. Kaplanov
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2115203 Abstract]
|-
| Analysis of hashrate-based double-spending
| Meni Rosenfeld
| Research paper
| 2012
| [https://bitcoil.co.il/Doublespend.pdf Download]
|-
| Homomorphic Payment Addresses and the Pay-to-Contract Protocol
| Ilja Gerhardt, Timo Hanke
| Research Paper
| 2012
| [http://arxiv.org/pdf/1212.3257v1 Download] ([http://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fpdf%2F1212.325qq7v1 via web viewer])
|-
| Quasi-Commodity Money (February 6, 2012). "This paper considers reform possibilities posed by a type of base money that has heretofore been overlooked in the literature on monetary economics."
| George Selgin
| Working Papers Series
| 2012
| [http://ssrn.com/abstract=2000118 Download]
|-
| Virtual currency schemes - "This report is a first attempt to provide the basis for a discussion on virtual currency schemes."
| European Central Bank
| Paper
| 2012
| [http://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/virtualcurrencyschemes201210en.pdf Download]
|-
| Evaluating User Privacy in Bitcoin
| Elli Androulaki, Ghassan Karame, Marc Roeschlin, Tobias Scherer and Srdjan Capkun
| Paper
| 2013
| [http://fc13.ifca.ai/proc/1-3.pdf Download] ([http://fc13.ifca.ai/slide/1-3.pdf Slides])
|-
| Beware the Middleman: Empirical Analysis of Bitcoin-Exchange Risk
| Tyler Moore and Nicolas Christin
| Short Paper
| 2013
| [http://fc13.ifca.ai/proc/1-2.pdf Download] ([http://fc13.ifca.ai/slide/1-2.pdf Slides])
|-
| Bitcoin, Regulating Fraud In The E-Conomy Of Hacker-Cash
| Derek A. Dion
| Paper
| 2013
| [http://illinoisjltp.com/journal/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Dion.pdf Download]
|-
| The practical materiality of Bitcoin
| Bill Maurera, Taylor C. Nelmsa & Lana Swartz
| Paper
| 2013
| [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10350330.2013.777594#.UbbTVaD_6b4 Download]
|-
| Regulating Digital Currencies: Bringing Bitcoin within the Reach of the IMF
| Nicholas Plassaras
| Paper
| 2013
| [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2248419 Download]
|-
| Bitcoin is Memory
| William J. Luther, Josiah Olson
| Paper
| 2013
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2275730 Download]
|-
| The Economics of Bitcoin Mining or, Bitcoin in the Presence of Adversaries
| Joshua A. Kroll, Ian C. Davey, and Edward W. Felten
| Paper
| 2013
| [http://www.weis2013.econinfosec.org/papers/KrollDaveyFeltenWEIS2013.pdf Download]
|-
| Bitcoin: A Primer for Policymakers
| Jerry Brito, Andrea Castillo
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://mercatus.org/publication/bitcoin-primer-policymakers Abstract] [http://mercatus.org/sites/default/files/Brito_BitcoinPrimer.pdf Download]
|-
| Whack-a-Mole: Prosecuting Digital Currency Exchanges
| Catherine Martin Christopher
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2312787 Abstract]
[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2312787_code1372021.pdf?abstractid=2312787&mirid=2 Download]
|-
| Are Cryptocurrencies 'Super' Tax Havens?
| Omri Y. Marian
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2305863 Abstract]
[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2316499_code592645.pdf?abstractid=2305863&mirid=1 Download]
|-
| Collective Emergent Institutional Entrepreneurship Through Bitcoin
| Robin Teigland, Zeynep Yetis and Tomas Olov Larsson
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2263707 Abstract]
[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2263707_code2053543.pdf?abstractid=2263707&mirid=1 Download]
|-
| Anonymity of Bitcoin Transactions
| Malte Möser
| Research paper
| 2013
| [https://www.wi.uni-muenster.de/sites/default/files/public/department/itsecurity/mbc13/mbc13-moeser-paper.pdf Download]
|-
| On the origins of Bitcoin: Stages of monetary evolution
| Konrad S. Graf
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://konradsgraf.com/blog1/2013/10/23/on-the-origins-of-bitcoin-my-new-work-on-bitcoin-and-monetar.html Abstract]
[http://konradsgraf.com/storage/On%20the%20Origins%20of%20Bitcoin%20Graf%2023.10.13.pdf Download]
|-
| Majority is not Enough: Bitcoin Mining is Vulnerable
| Ittay Eyal and Emin Gun Sirer
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.0243 Abstract]
[http://arxiv.org/pdf/1311.0243v1 Download]
|-
| Bitcoin, the end of the Taboo on Money
| Denis Roio aka Jaromil
| Humanities article
| 2013
| [http://www.dyndy.net/2013/04/bitcoin-ends-the-taboo-on-money/ Abstract]
[https://files.dyne.org/readers/Bitcoin_end_of_taboo_on_money.pdf Download]
|-
| Secure Multiparty Computations on BitCoin
| Marcin Andrychowicz, Stefan Dziembowski, Daniel Malinowski and Łukasz Mazurek University of Warsaw
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://eprint.iacr.org/2013/784 Abstract]
[http://eprint.iacr.org/eprint-bin/cite.pl?entry=2013/784 BibTeX]
[http://eprint.iacr.org/2013/784.pdf Download]
|-
| A Fistful of Bitcoins: Characterizing Payments Among Men with No Names
| Sarah Meiklejohn, Marjori Pomarole, Grant Jordan, Kirill Levchenko, Damon McCoy, Geoffrey M. Voelker, Stefan Savage
| Research paper
| 2013
|
[http://www.cs.gmu.edu/~mccoy/papers/imc13.pdf Download]
|-
| Information Propagation in the Bitcoin Network
| Christian Decker (ETH Zurich, Switzerland), Roger Wattenhofer (Microsoft Research)
| Research paper
| 2013
|
[http://www.tik.ee.ethz.ch/file/49318d3f56c1d525aabf7fda78b23fc0/P2P2013_041.pdf Download]
|-
| The Economics of Private Digital Currency
| Gerald P Dwyer
| Research paper
| 2014
| [http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55824/ Abstract]
[http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55824/1/MPRA_paper_55824.pdf Download]
|}
==See Also==

* [http://people.scs.carleton.ca/~clark/biblio.html Jeremy Clark's Bitcoin Bibliography]
* [[:Category:Economics|Economic]]
* [[:Category:Technical|Technical]]
* [[Press]]

[[Category:Research]]

Research

2014-05-22T12:45:53Z

C0ldfusi0nz: adding "A Fistful of Bitcoins" research paper

Publications including research and analysis of Bitcoin or related areas.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Title
! Author
! Type
! Year
! Links
|-
| Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System
| Satoshi Nakamoto
| Research paper
| 2009
| [http://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf Download] [[Bitcoin_paper |wiki page]]
|-
| Triple Entry Accounting
| Ian Grigg
| Research paper
| 2005
| [http://iang.org/papers/triple_entry.html Download]
|-
| Cyberlaundering: Anonymous Digital Cash and Money Laundering
| R. Mark Bortner
| Research paper
| 1996
| [http://osaka.law.miami.edu/~froomkin/seminar/papers/bortner.htm Download]
|-
| Shadowy Figures: Tracking Illicit Financial Transactions in the Murky World of Digital Currencies, Peer–to–Peer Networks, and Mobile Device Payments
| John Villasenor, Cody Monk, Christopher Bronk
| Research paper
| 2011
| [http://www.bakerinstitute.org/publications/ITP-pub-FinancialTransactions-082911.pdf Download]
|-
| An Analysis of Anonymity in the Bitcoin System
| Fergal Reid, Martin Harrigan
| Research paper
| 2011
| [http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.4524 Download], [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=31539.0 discussion]
|-
| Bitcoin: An Innovative Alternative Digital Currency
| Reuben Grinberg
| Research paper
| 2011
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1817857 Download], [http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=6247.0 discussion]
|-
| Bitcoin NFC
| David Allen Bronleewe
| Master's report
| 2011
| [http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-4150/BRONLEEWE-MASTERS-REPORT.pdf?sequence=1 Download], [http://code.google.com/p/bitcoin-nfc source code]
|-
| Optimal pool abuse strategy
| Raulo
| Research paper
| 2011
| [http://bitcoin.atspace.com/poolcheating.pdf Download], [http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3165.0 discussion]
|-
| Abusing Bitcoin cooperative mining pools: strategies for egoistical but honest miners
| Nakamoto Ryo
| Research paper
| 2011
| [http://www.bitcoinservice.co.uk/files/111 Download], [http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=2941.0 discussion]
|-
| Analysis of Bitcoin Pooled Mining Reward Systems
| Meni Rosenfeld
| Research paper
| 2011
| [https://bitcoil.co.il/pool_analysis.pdf Download], [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=32814.0 discussion]
|-
| Bitcoin Exchange system
| Tomáš Jiříček
| Research paper
| 2012
| [https://dip.felk.cvut.cz/browse/pdfcache/jiricto2_2012bach.pdf Download]
|-
| On Bitcoin and Red Balloons
| Moshe Babaioff, Shahar Dobzinski, Sigal Oren, Aviv Zohar
| Publication article
| 2012
| [http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/156072/bitcoin.pdf Download]
|-
| 2011 Observations on the Digital Currency Industry
| Mark Herpel
| Publication article
| 2011
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1721076 Download]
|-
| MAVE, New Lightweight Digital Signature Protocols for Massive Verifications
| Sergio Demian Lerner
| Research paper
| 2012 (preliminary)
| [http://bitslog.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/mave1.pdf Download]
|-
| MAVEPAY, a New Lightweight Payment Scheme for Peer to Peer Currency Networks
| Sergio Demian Lerner
| Research paper
| 2012 (preliminary)
| [http://bitslog.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/mavepay1.pdf Download]
|-
| Bitcoin: Eine erste Einordnung (an initial classification)
| Christoph Sorge, Artus Krohn-Grimberghe
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://www.springerlink.com/content/cw1v762571tr4462/ Download], [http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=90233.0 discussion]
|-
| Bitcoin - an introduction to the workings and a preliminary analysis and understanding of potential legal issues
| Jean-Daniel Schmid, Alexander Schmid
| Article
| 2012
| [http://ef-r.ch/images/publications/1338882576_Bitcoin.pdf Download]
|-
| Secure multiparty Bitcoin anonymization
| Edward Z. Yang
| Article
| 2012
| [http://blog.ezyang.com/2012/07/secure-multiparty-bitcoin-anonymization/ Download], [http://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/wvm2w/secure_multiparty_bitcoin_anonymization/ discussion]
|-
| Bitcoin & Gresham's Law - the economic inevitability of Collapse
| Philipp Güring, Ian Grigg
| Article
| 2011
| [http://iang.org/papers/BitcoinBreachesGreshamsLaw.pdf Download]
|-
| Today Techies, Tomorrow the World? Bitcoin.
| Reuben Grinberg
| Article
| 2012
| [http://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/review/2012_1/22-31MR53.pdf Download]
|-
| Traveling the Silk Road: A measurement analysis of a large anonymous online marketplace
| Nicolas Christin
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://www.cylab.cmu.edu/files/pdfs/tech_reports/CMUCyLab12018.pdf Download]
|-
| CommitCoin: Carbon Dating Commitments with Bitcoin
| Jeremy Clark and Aleksander Essex
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://people.scs.carleton.ca/~clark/papers/2012_fc.pdf Download extended abstract] [http://eprint.iacr.org/2011/677.pdf Download technical report]
|-
| Quantitative Analysis of the Full Bitcoin Transaction Graph
| Dorit Ron and Adi Shamir
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://eprint.iacr.org/2012/584.pdf Download]
|-
| Design and security analysis of Bitcoin infrastructure using application deployed on Google Apps Engine
| Piotr "ThePiachu" Piasecki
| Master's thesis
| 2012
| [https://dl.dropbox.com/u/3658181/PiotrPiasecki-BitcoinMasterThesis.pdf Download], [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=88149.0 discussion]
|-
| The Production of Freedom: Value Production in the US- dominated Financial System, and Possible Alternatives
| Jeremy Kirshbaum
| Master's thesis
| 2012 (preliminary)
| [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JIyMWIibqH8x20vGBTMBZ2yqM7Xbp54UpWBh0o2H7WI/edit?pli=1 Download], [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=87404.0 discussion]
|-
| COIN: a distributed accounting system for peer to peer networks
| Fabio Varesano
| Bachelor's thesis
| 2012
| [http://www.varesano.net/contents/projects/coin%20distributed%20accounting%20system%20peer%20peer%20networks Download]
|-
| BITCOIN CLIENTS
| Rostislav Skudnov
| Bachelor's thesis
| 2012
| [http://publications.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/47166/Skudnov_Rostislav.pdf?sequence=1 Download]
|-
| Bitter to Better—How to Make Bitcoin a Better Currency
| Simon Barber, Xavier Boyen, Elaine Shi, Ersin Uzun
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://crypto.stanford.edu/~xb/fc12/bitcoin.pdf Download]
|-
| NooShare: A decentralized ledger of shared computational resources
| Alex Coventry
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://mit.edu/alex_c/www/nooshare.pdf Download]
|-
| Bits and Bets. Information, Price Volatility, and Demand for Bitcoin
| Martis Buchholz, Jess Delaney, Joseph Warren
| Final project
| 2012
| [http://academic.reed.edu/economics/parker/s12/312/finalproj/Bitcoin.pdf Download], [http://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/x7kop/economic_analysis_of_the_demand_for_bitcoin discussion], [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=96003.0 discussion]
|-
| Two Bitcoins at the Price of One? Double Spending attacks on Fast Payments in Bitcoin
| Ghassan O. Karame, Elli Androulaki, Srdjan Cap-kun
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://eprint.iacr.org/2012/248 Download]
|-
| Nerdy Money: Bitcoin, the Private Digital Currency, and the Case Against Its Regulation
| Nikolei M. Kaplanov
| Research paper
| 2012
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2115203 Abstract]
|-
| Analysis of hashrate-based double-spending
| Meni Rosenfeld
| Research paper
| 2012
| [https://bitcoil.co.il/Doublespend.pdf Download]
|-
| Homomorphic Payment Addresses and the Pay-to-Contract Protocol
| Ilja Gerhardt, Timo Hanke
| Research Paper
| 2012
| [http://arxiv.org/pdf/1212.3257v1 Download] ([http://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fpdf%2F1212.325qq7v1 via web viewer])
|-
| Quasi-Commodity Money (February 6, 2012). "This paper considers reform possibilities posed by a type of base money that has heretofore been overlooked in the literature on monetary economics."
| George Selgin
| Working Papers Series
| 2012
| [http://ssrn.com/abstract=2000118 Download]
|-
| Virtual currency schemes - "This report is a first attempt to provide the basis for a discussion on virtual currency schemes."
| European Central Bank
| Paper
| 2012
| [http://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/virtualcurrencyschemes201210en.pdf Download]
|-
| Evaluating User Privacy in Bitcoin
| Elli Androulaki, Ghassan Karame, Marc Roeschlin, Tobias Scherer and Srdjan Capkun
| Paper
| 2013
| [http://fc13.ifca.ai/proc/1-3.pdf Download] ([http://fc13.ifca.ai/slide/1-3.pdf Slides])
|-
| Beware the Middleman: Empirical Analysis of Bitcoin-Exchange Risk
| Tyler Moore and Nicolas Christin
| Short Paper
| 2013
| [http://fc13.ifca.ai/proc/1-2.pdf Download] ([http://fc13.ifca.ai/slide/1-2.pdf Slides])
|-
| Bitcoin, Regulating Fraud In The E-Conomy Of Hacker-Cash
| Derek A. Dion
| Paper
| 2013
| [http://illinoisjltp.com/journal/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Dion.pdf Download]
|-
| The practical materiality of Bitcoin
| Bill Maurera, Taylor C. Nelmsa & Lana Swartz
| Paper
| 2013
| [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10350330.2013.777594#.UbbTVaD_6b4 Download]
|-
| Regulating Digital Currencies: Bringing Bitcoin within the Reach of the IMF
| Nicholas Plassaras
| Paper
| 2013
| [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2248419 Download]
|-
| Bitcoin is Memory
| William J. Luther, Josiah Olson
| Paper
| 2013
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2275730 Download]
|-
| The Economics of Bitcoin Mining or, Bitcoin in the Presence of Adversaries
| Joshua A. Kroll, Ian C. Davey, and Edward W. Felten
| Paper
| 2013
| [http://www.weis2013.econinfosec.org/papers/KrollDaveyFeltenWEIS2013.pdf Download]
|-
| Bitcoin: A Primer for Policymakers
| Jerry Brito, Andrea Castillo
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://mercatus.org/publication/bitcoin-primer-policymakers Abstract] [http://mercatus.org/sites/default/files/Brito_BitcoinPrimer.pdf Download]
|-
| Whack-a-Mole: Prosecuting Digital Currency Exchanges
| Catherine Martin Christopher
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2312787 Abstract]
[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2312787_code1372021.pdf?abstractid=2312787&mirid=2 Download]
|-
| Are Cryptocurrencies 'Super' Tax Havens?
| Omri Y. Marian
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2305863 Abstract]
[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2316499_code592645.pdf?abstractid=2305863&mirid=1 Download]
|-
| Collective Emergent Institutional Entrepreneurship Through Bitcoin
| Robin Teigland, Zeynep Yetis and Tomas Olov Larsson
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2263707 Abstract]
[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2263707_code2053543.pdf?abstractid=2263707&mirid=1 Download]
|-
| Anonymity of Bitcoin Transactions
| Malte Möser
| Research paper
| 2013
| [https://www.wi.uni-muenster.de/sites/default/files/public/department/itsecurity/mbc13/mbc13-moeser-paper.pdf Download]
|-
| On the origins of Bitcoin: Stages of monetary evolution
| Konrad S. Graf
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://konradsgraf.com/blog1/2013/10/23/on-the-origins-of-bitcoin-my-new-work-on-bitcoin-and-monetar.html Abstract]
[http://konradsgraf.com/storage/On%20the%20Origins%20of%20Bitcoin%20Graf%2023.10.13.pdf Download]
|-
| Majority is not Enough: Bitcoin Mining is Vulnerable
| Ittay Eyal and Emin Gun Sirer
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.0243 Abstract]
[http://arxiv.org/pdf/1311.0243v1 Download]
|-
| Bitcoin, the end of the Taboo on Money
| Denis Roio aka Jaromil
| Humanities article
| 2013
| [http://www.dyndy.net/2013/04/bitcoin-ends-the-taboo-on-money/ Abstract]
[https://files.dyne.org/readers/Bitcoin_end_of_taboo_on_money.pdf Download]
|-
| Secure Multiparty Computations on BitCoin
| Marcin Andrychowicz, Stefan Dziembowski, Daniel Malinowski and Łukasz Mazurek University of Warsaw
| Research paper
| 2013
| [http://eprint.iacr.org/2013/784 Abstract]
[http://eprint.iacr.org/eprint-bin/cite.pl?entry=2013/784 BibTeX]
[http://eprint.iacr.org/2013/784.pdf Download]
|-
| A Fistful of Bitcoins: Characterizing Payments Among Men with No Names
| Sarah Meiklejohn, Marjori Pomarole, Grant Jordan, Kirill Levchenko, Damon McCoy, Geoffrey M. Voelker, Stefan Savage
| Research paper
| 2013
|
[http://www.cs.gmu.edu/~mccoy/papers/imc13.pdf Download]
|-
| The Economics of Private Digital Currency
| Gerald P Dwyer
| Research paper
| 2014
| [http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55824/ Abstract]
[http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55824/1/MPRA_paper_55824.pdf Download]
|}
==See Also==

* [http://people.scs.carleton.ca/~clark/biblio.html Jeremy Clark's Bitcoin Bibliography]
* [[:Category:Economics|Economic]]
* [[:Category:Technical|Technical]]
* [[Press]]

[[Category:Research]]