https://en.bitcoin.it/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=BitcoinNewsMagazineBitcoin Wiki - User contributions [en]2026-04-07T16:20:32ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.8https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Casascius_physical_bitcoins&diff=67014Casascius physical bitcoins2019-11-20T02:20:20Z<p>BitcoinNewsMagazine: /* See also */</p>
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<div>[[Image:Casascius 25btc size compare.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Various views of Casascius coins]]<br />
[[File:Physbitcoinkey.jpg|thumb|right|Redeemed Casascius coin]]<br />
'''Casascius physical bitcoins''', also called '''Casascius coins''', are physical metal coins created by Bitcoin user [[User:Casascius|Casascius]] (Mike Caldwell, Sandy, Utah, USA) and sold until Nov 26, 2013<ref name="suspension">[https://www.casascius.com/ casascius.com], viewed 2016-09-12: ''"As of Nov 27, 2013, I suspended sales of items that contain digital bitcoins. Current items for sale do not contain bitcoins."''</ref>, that contain an embedded piece of paper with digital Bitcoin value, covered by a tamper-resistant hologram. Casascius coins are available in 1, 10, 25, 100, and 1000 BTC increments. They can be purchased at Casascius's website, https://www.casascius.com (only Bitcoin accepted), or at http://www.MemoryDealers.com (PayPal and credit cards accepted).<br />
<br />
The coins are designed such that they could be circulated in face-to-face transactions. The first person to redeem its [[private key]] gets the value on the coin, and afterwards, the coin no longer has any Bitcoin value. It is difficult or impossible to read the private key on the coin without damaging or destroying the hologram, which exposes a honeycomb-like tamper-evidence pattern when peeled.<br />
<br />
The piece of paper inside each coin has a private key which forms the backing for the Bitcoin value represented by the coin. Redeeming the private key back into digital Bitcoins is currently available with a patched reference client and many of the alternative clients.<br />
<br />
Casascius coins are similar to [[Bitbills]] in that they are an object that contains a redemption code that serves as a bearer item for digital bitcoins.<br />
<br />
There are 2 independent websites that track the status of all Casascius coins in circulation, based on information from the block chain:<br />
* [[Casascius Bitcoin Analyzer]] (http://casascius.uberbills.com/)<br />
* Casascius Physical Bitcoins Database (http://casascius.appspot.com/)<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Originally, Mike Caldwell imagined placing a private key on a piece of paper inside a washer with a tamper-evident hologram on each side. However, he found it was more economical to have a real coin minted with a hologram on one side than to have two different hologram designs, and so the first Casascius coins were customized brass coins ordered from a mint that makes car wash tokens.<ref>{{cite btct|id=131088|title=Coming soon from Casascius: free high-density physical bitcoin key generator|date=2012-12-16|post=2866885}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Suspension of sale===<br />
<br />
As of Nov 27, 2013, Mike Caldwell suspended sales of items that contain digital bitcoins.<ref name="suspension" /> The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a branch of the Treasury Department, informed him before, that minting physical bitcoins qualifies him as a money transmitter business, which means he needs to register at the federal level and probably get state licenses too.<ref>[http://www.theverge.com/2013/12/13/5207256/casascius-maker-of-shiny-physical-bitcoins-shut-down-by-treasury ''The Verge'' internet site article ''"Casascius, maker of shiny physical bitcoins, shut down by Treasury Department"'' from 2013-12-13, viewed 2016-09-12]</ref><br />
<br />
==Releases of Casascius coins==<br />
<br />
===Original series 1 BTC coin===<br />
* 1.125 inches in diameter<br />
* Solid brass<br />
* Year printed on coins: 2011<br />
* Approximately 0.24 ounces<br />
* Eight-digit "[[firstbits]]" inkjetted onto surface of hologram sticker<br />
* First appeared in September 2011<ref>[http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=41892.0 CASASCIUS PHYSICAL BITCOIN - In Stock Now!]</ref>.<br />
* Private key: 22 character string inside the coin, the 256-bit private key is SHA256(string)<br />
* Approximate number produced: {{formatnum:3500}} as of November 2011<br />
* A spelling error can be found in the small lettering of the hologram: "CASACIUS" instead of "CASASCIUS"<br />
* Casascius has stated that no more than {{formatnum:11000}} may be produced<br />
* All {{formatnum:11000}} Bitcoin addresses pre-generated for the series have been published as a signed text file<br />
<br />
===Second series 1 BTC coin===<br />
[[Image:Casascius-series-2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Second series 1 BTC Casascius coin]]<br />
The hologram and the private key is different, the metal part of the coin is the same as the first series.<br />
* 1.125 inches in diameter<br />
* Solid brass<br />
* Year printed on coins: 2011<br />
* Approximately 0.24 ounces<br />
* Denomination ("ONE BTC") appears on the hologram<br />
* Eight-digit "firstbits" visible through a small transparent window that allows limited visibility of one side of the private key paper<br />
* Private key: 30 character string inside the coin, the 256-private key is SHA256(string)<br />
* First appeared in November 2011<br />
* No spelling error in hologram<br />
<br />
===10 BTC silver round===<br />
* First available on Dec 1, 2011<br />
* 39mm diameter<br />
* 1 troy ounce .999 Fine Silver<br />
* Uses second series holograms marked TEN BTC<br />
* Comes in a clear plastic capsule<br />
* Zeroes and ones on the back encode the message "Bitcoin: an idea too big to fail"<br />
<br />
===25 BTC coin===<br />
[[Image:Casascius 25btc.jpg|thumb|right|Casascius 25BTC coin]]<br />
* 1.75 inches in diameter, about 3mm thick<br />
* Gold-plated alloy<br />
* Approximately 1.2 ounces<br />
* Printed year: 2011<br />
* Uses same holograms and private key scheme as original series 1 BTC coin<br />
* First appeared in October 2011<br />
* Zeroes and ones on the back encode the message "You asked for change, we gave you coins"<br />
<br />
===100 BTC gold plated bar===<br />
* Weight: 4.2oz<br />
* Dimensions: 8cm x 4cm x 0.6cm<br />
* Printed year: none<br />
* Indented features: "100 BTC", Bitcoin logo, "gold plated bearer bar"<br />
* Hologram: V1 or V2<br />
<br />
===1000 BTC gold plated bar===<br />
* Weight: 4.2oz<br />
* Dimensions: 8cm x 4cm x 0.6cm<br />
* Hologram: V1<br />
* Printed year: none<br />
* Lasered overprinting on the hologram to indicate the denomination<br />
* This is a non-denominated bar that has been engraved with a 1000 BTC denomination. It is indented with the Bitcoin logo and the words "gold plated bearer bar" like the 100 BTC bar, but is not indented with a denomination. The denomination is applied via laser engraving.<br />
* This item is presently listed for sale only through MemoryDealers.com<br />
<br />
===1000 BTC 1 troy ounce gold coin===<br />
* Available as of Dec 16, 2011<br />
* Printed year: 2012<br />
* Diameter: 30mm<br />
* Special order item, 3 business day lead time<br />
* Hologram: V1 with Bitcoin address lasered at top instead of inkjetted across middle<br />
* Availability: Purchase from MemoryDealers.com, or directly from Casascius with BTC, or USD bank wire<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Mini private key format]]<br />
* [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?board=217.0 Bitcoin Forum: Collectible Auctions]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
[[Category:Physical bitcoins]]</div>BitcoinNewsMagazinehttps://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Controlled_supply&diff=61385Controlled supply2016-07-30T03:21:04Z<p>BitcoinNewsMagazine: </p>
<hr />
<div><blockquote>A fixed money supply, or a supply altered only in accord with objective and calculable criteria, is a necessary condition to a meaningful just price of money.<ref>[https://www.scribd.com/doc/138347161/Bernard-W-Dempsey-1903-1960-Interest-and-Usury-With-an-Introduction-by-Joseph-a-Schumpeter-1948#page220 <i>Interest and Usury</i> p. 220] by [https://www.jstor.org/stable/29769582 Fr. Bernard W. Dempsey, S.J.] (1903-1960); cf. John Horvat II [http://returntoorder.org/ <i>Return to Order</i>] ch. 37 "The Backing of Money"</ref><br />
<p align="right">—[https://www.jstor.org/stable/29769582 Fr. Bernard W. Dempsey, S.J.] (1903-1960)</p></blockquote><br />
<br />
In a centralized economy, currency is issued by a central bank at a rate that is supposed to match the growth of the amount of goods that are exchanged so that these goods can be traded with stable prices. The <br />
[[wikipedia:monetary base|monetary base]] is controlled by a central bank. In the United States, the [[wikipedia:Federal Reserve System|Fed]] increases the monetary base by issuing currency, increasing the amount banks have on reserve, and more recently, printing money electronically in a process called [[wikipedia:Quantitative Easing|Quantitative Easing]].<br />
<br />
In a fully decentralized monetary system, there is no central authority that regulates the monetary base. Instead, currency is created by the nodes of a peer-to-peer network. The Bitcoin generation algorithm defines, in advance, how currency will be created and at what rate. Any currency that is generated by a malicious user that does not follow the rules will be rejected by the network and thus is worthless.<br />
<br />
==Currency with Finite Supply==<br />
[[Image:Controlled supply-block reward halving.png|160px|thumb|right| Block reward halving]]<br />
[[Image:Controlled supply-supply over block height.png|160px|thumb|right| Controlled supply]]<br />
Bitcoins are created each time a user discovers a new [[block]]. <br />
The rate of block creation is adjusted every 2016 blocks to aim for a constant two week adjustment period (equivalent to 6 per hour.) The number of bitcoins generated per block is set to decrease geometrically, with a 50% reduction every 210,000 blocks, or approximately four years. The result is that the number of bitcoins in existence is not expected to exceed 21 million.<ref>[http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3366.msg47522#msg47522 21 million cap]</ref> Speculated justifications for the unintuitive value "21 million" are that it matches a 4-year reward halving schedule; or the ultimate total number of Satoshis that will be mined is close to the maximum capacity of a 64-bit floating point number. Satoshi has never really justified or explained many of these constants.<br />
<br />
[[File:ControlledSupply.png]]<br />
<br />
This decreasing-supply algorithm was chosen because it approximates the rate at which commodities like gold are mined. Users who use their computers to perform calculations to try and discover a block are thus called [[Mining|''Miners'']].<br />
<br />
See also: https://plot.ly/~BashCo/5.embed?share_key=ljQVkaTiHXjX2W41UiqzCn<br />
<br />
==Projected Bitcoins Short Term ==<br />
This chart shows the number of bitcoins that will exist in the near future. The ''Year'' is a forecast and may be slightly off.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Date reached!!Block!!Reward Era!! BTC/block!! Year (estimate)!! Start BTC!! BTC Added!! End BTC!! BTC Increase|| End BTC % of Limit<br />
|-<br />
|2009-01-03||0||1||50.00||2009||0||2625000||2625000||infinite||12.500%<br />
|-<br />
|2010-04-22||52500||1||50.00||2010||2625000||2625000||5250000||100.00%||25.000%<br />
|-<br />
|2011-01-28||105000||1||50.00||2011*||5250000||2625000||7875000||50.00%||37.500%<br />
|-<br />
|2011-12-14||157500||1||50.00||2012||7875000||2625000||10500000||33.33%||50.000%<br />
|-<br />
|[[Halving day 2012|2012-11-28]]||210000||2||25.00||2013||10500000||1312500||11812500||12.50%||56.250%<br />
|-<br />
|2013-10-09||262500||2||25.00||2014||11812500||1312500||13125000||11.11%||62.500%<br />
|-<br />
|2014-08-11||315000||2||25.00||2015||13125000||1312500||14437500||10.00%||68.750%<br />
|-<br />
|2015-07-29||367500||2||25.00||2016||14437500||1312500||15750000||9.09%||75.000%<br />
|-<br />
|2016-07-09||420000||3||12.50||2016||15750000||656250||16406250||4.17%||78.125%<br />
|-<br />
|||472500||3||12.50||2018||16406250||656250||17062500||4.00%||81.250%<br />
|-<br />
|||525000||3||12.50||2019||17062500||656250||17718750||3.85%||84.375%<br />
|-<br />
|||577500||3||12.50||2020||17718750||656250||18375000||3.70%||87.500%<br />
|-<br />
|||630000||4||6.25||2021||18375000||328125||18703125||1.79%||89.063%<br />
|-<br />
|||682500||4||6.25||2022||18703125||328125||19031250||1.75%||90.625%<br />
|-<br />
|||735000||4||6.25||2023||19031250||328125||19359375||1.72%||92.188%<br />
|-<br />
|||787500||4||6.25||2024||19359375||328125||19687500||1.69%||93.750%<br />
|}<br />
''* In Block 124724, user midnightmagic mined a solo block to himself which underpaid the reward by a single Satoshi and simultaneously destroyed the block's fees. This the the only known reduction in the total mined supply of Bitcoin. Therefore, from block 124724 onwards, all total supply estimates must technically be reduced by 1 Satoshi.<br />
<br />
==Projected Bitcoins Long Term ==<br />
[[Image:Controlled supply-timeline estimation.png|160px|thumb|right| Supply timeline estimation]]<br />
Because the number of bitcoins created each time a user discovers a new block - the block reward - is halved based on a fixed interval of blocks, and the time it takes on average to discover a block can vary based on [[mining]] power and the network [[difficulty]], the exact time when the block reward is halved can vary as well. Consequently, the time the last Bitcoin will be created will also vary, and is subject to speculation based on assumptions.<br />
<br />
If the mining power had remained constant since the first Bitcoin was mined, the last Bitcoin would have been mined somewhere near October 8th, 2140. Due to the mining power having increased overall over time, as of block 367,500 - assuming mining power remained constant from that block forward - the last Bitcoin will be mined on May 7th, 2140.<br />
<br />
As it is very difficult to predict how mining power will evolve into the future - i.e. whether technological progress will continue to make hardware faster or whether mining will hit a a technological wall; or whether or not faster methods of SHA2 calculation will be discovered - putting an exact date or even year on this event is difficult.<br />
<br />
The total number of bitcoins, as mentioned earlier, has an asymptote at 21 million, due to a technical limitation in the data structure of the blockchain - specifically the integer storage type of the [[Transaction#general_format_.28inside_a_block.29_of_each_output_of_a_transaction_-_Txout|transaction output]], this exact value would have been 20,999,999.9769 bitcoin. Should this technical limitation be adjusted by changing the width of the field, the total number will still only approach or be a maximum of 21 million.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"<br />
|-<br />
! Block!!Reward Era!! BTC/block!! Start BTC!! BTC Added!! End BTC!! BTC Increase|| End BTC % of Limit<br />
|-<br />
| 0|| 1|| 50.00000000|| 0.00000000|| 10500000.00000000|| 10500000.00000000*|| infinite|| 50.00000006%<br />
|-<br />
| 210000|| 2|| 25.00000000|| 10500000.00000000|| 5250000.00000000|| 15750000.00000000|| 50.00000000%|| 75.00000008%<br />
|-<br />
| 420000|| 3|| 12.50000000|| 15750000.00000000|| 2625000.00000000|| 18375000.00000000|| 16.66666667%|| 87.50000010%<br />
|-<br />
| 630000|| 4|| 6.25000000|| 18375000.00000000|| 1312500.00000000|| 19687500.00000000|| 7.14285714%|| 93.75000010%<br />
|-<br />
| 840000|| 5|| 3.12500000|| 19687500.00000000|| 656250.00000000|| 20343750.00000000|| 3.33333333%|| 96.87500011%<br />
|-<br />
| 1050000|| 6|| 1.56250000|| 20343750.00000000|| 328125.00000000|| 20671875.00000000|| 1.61290323%|| 98.43750011%<br />
|-<br />
| 1260000|| 7|| 0.78125000|| 20671875.00000000|| 164062.50000000|| 20835937.50000000|| 0.79365079%|| 99.21875011%<br />
|-<br />
| 1470000|| 8|| 0.39062500|| 20835937.50000000|| 82031.25000000|| 20917968.75000000|| 0.39370079%|| 99.60937511%<br />
|-<br />
| 1680000|| 9|| 0.19531250|| 20917968.75000000|| 41015.62500000|| 20958984.37500000|| 0.19607843%|| 99.80468761%<br />
|-<br />
| 1890000|| 10|| 0.09765625|| 20958984.37500000|| 20507.81250000|| 20979492.18750000|| 0.09784736%|| 99.90234386%<br />
|-<br />
| 2100000|| 11|| 0.04882812|| 20979492.18750000|| 10253.90520000|| 20989746.09270000|| 0.04887585%|| 99.95117198%<br />
|-<br />
| 2310000|| 12|| 0.02441406|| 20989746.09270000|| 5126.95260000|| 20994873.04530000|| 0.02442599%|| 99.97558604%<br />
|-<br />
| 2520000|| 13|| 0.01220703|| 20994873.04530000|| 2563.47630000|| 20997436.52160000|| 0.01221001%|| 99.98779307%<br />
|-<br />
| 2730000|| 14|| 0.00610351|| 20997436.52160000|| 1281.73710000|| 20998718.25870000|| 0.00610426%|| 99.99389658%<br />
|-<br />
| 2940000|| 15|| 0.00305175|| 20998718.25870000|| 640.86750000|| 20999359.12620000|| 0.00305194%|| 99.99694833%<br />
|-<br />
| 3150000|| 16|| 0.00152587|| 20999359.12620000|| 320.43270000|| 20999679.55890000|| 0.00152592%|| 99.99847420%<br />
|-<br />
| 3360000|| 17|| 0.00076293|| 20999679.55890000|| 160.21530000|| 20999839.77420000|| 0.00076294%|| 99.99923713%<br />
|-<br />
| 3570000|| 18|| 0.00038146|| 20999839.77420000|| 80.10660000|| 20999919.88080000|| 0.00038146%|| 99.99961859%<br />
|-<br />
| 3780000|| 19|| 0.00019073|| 20999919.88080000|| 40.05330000|| 20999959.93410000|| 0.00019073%|| 99.99980932%<br />
|-<br />
| 3990000|| 20|| 0.00009536|| 20999959.93410000|| 20.02560000|| 20999979.95970000|| 0.00009536%|| 99.99990468%<br />
|-<br />
| 4200000|| 21|| 0.00004768|| 20999979.95970000|| 10.01280000|| 20999989.97250000|| 0.00004768%|| 99.99995236%<br />
|-<br />
| 4410000|| 22|| 0.00002384|| 20999989.97250000|| 5.00640000|| 20999994.97890000|| 0.00002384%|| 99.99997620%<br />
|-<br />
| 4620000|| 23|| 0.00001192|| 20999994.97890000|| 2.50320000|| 20999997.48210000|| 0.00001192%|| 99.99998812%<br />
|-<br />
| 4830000|| 24|| 0.00000596|| 20999997.48210000|| 1.25160000|| 20999998.73370000|| 0.00000596%|| 99.99999408%<br />
|-<br />
| 5040000|| 25|| 0.00000298|| 20999998.73370000|| 0.62580000|| 20999999.35950000|| 0.00000298%|| 99.99999706%<br />
|-<br />
| 5250000|| 26|| 0.00000149|| 20999999.35950000|| 0.31290000|| 20999999.67240000|| 0.00000149%|| 99.99999855%<br />
|-<br />
| 5460000|| 27|| 0.00000074|| 20999999.67240000|| 0.15540000|| 20999999.82780000|| 0.00000074%|| 99.99999929%<br />
|-<br />
| 5670000|| 28|| 0.00000037|| 20999999.82780000|| 0.07770000|| 20999999.90550000|| 0.00000037%|| 99.99999966%<br />
|-<br />
| 5880000|| 29|| 0.00000018|| 20999999.90550000|| 0.03780000|| 20999999.94330000|| 0.00000018%|| 99.99999984%<br />
|-<br />
| 6090000|| 30|| 0.00000009|| 20999999.94330000|| 0.01890000|| 20999999.96220000|| 0.00000009%|| 99.99999993%<br />
|-<br />
| 6300000|| 31|| 0.00000004|| 20999999.96220000|| 0.00840000|| 20999999.97060000|| 0.00000004%|| 99.99999997%<br />
|-<br />
| 6510000|| 32|| 0.00000002|| 20999999.97060000|| 0.00420000|| 20999999.97480000|| 0.00000002%|| 99.99999999%<br />
|-<br />
| 6720000|| 33|| 0.00000001|| 20999999.97480000|| 0.00210000|| 20999999.97690000|| 0.00000001%|| 100.00000000%<br />
|-<br />
| 6930000|| 34|| 0.00000000|| 20999999.97690000|| 0.00000000|| 20999999.97690000|| 0.00000000%|| 100.00000000%<br />
|}<br />
''Note: The number of bitcoins are presented in a floating point format. However, these values are based on the number of satoshi per block originally in integer format to prevent compounding error.''<br />
<br />
''* In block 124724, user midnightmagic solo mined a block which caused one less Satoshi to be created than would otherwise have come into existence. Therefore, all calculations from this block onwards must now, to be accurate, include this underpay in total Bitcoins in existence.''<br />
<br />
==Spendable Supply==<br />
The theoretical total number of bitcoins, 21 million, should not be confused with the total spendable supply. The total spendable supply is always lower than the theoretical total supply, and is subject to accidental loss, willful destruction, and technical peculiarities.<br />
<br />
One way to see a part of the destruction of coin is by collecting a sum of all unspent transaction outputs, using a [[API reference (JSON-RPC)|Bitcoin RPC]] command <code>gettxoutsetinfo</code>. The ''total_amount'' value returned is the sum of all outputs that the client deems technically spendable but not currently spent. Note however that this does not take into account outputs that are exceedingly unlikely to be spent as is the case in loss and destruction via constructed addresses, for example.<br />
===Miner Underpay===<br />
<br />
The algorithm which decides whether a block is valid only checks to verify whether the total amount of the reward '''exceeds''' the reward plus available fees. Therefore it is possible for a miner to deliberately choose to underpay himself by any value: not only can this destroy the fees involved, but also the reward itself, which can prevent the total possible bitcoins that can come into existence from reaching its theoretical maximum. This is a form of underpay which the reference implementation recognises as impossible to spend. Some of the other types below are not recognised as officially destroying Bitcoins; it is possible for example to spend the 1BitcoinEaterAddressDontSendf59kuE if a corresponding private key is used (although this would imply that Bitcoin has been broken.)<br />
<br />
===Loss of bitcoin===<br />
Bitcoins may be lost if the conditions required to spend them are no longer known. For example, if you made a transaction to an [[address]] that requires a private key in order to spend those bitcoins further, had written that private key down on a piece of paper, but that piece of paper was lost. In this case, that bitcoin may also be considered lost, as the odds of randomly finding a matching private key are such that it is generally considered impossible.<br />
<br />
===Willful destruction of bitcoin===<br />
Bitcoins may also be willfully 'destroyed' - for example by attaching conditions that make it impossible to spend them.<br />
<br />
A common method is to send bitcoin to an address that was constructed and only made to pass validity checks, but for which no private key is actually known. An example of such an address is "1BitcoinEaterAddressDontSendf59kuE", where the last "f59kuE" is text to make the preceding constructed text pass validation. Finding a matching private key is, again, generally considered impossible. For an example of how difficult this would be, see [[Vanitygen#Use_of_vanitygen_to_try_to_attack_addresses|Vanitygen]].<br />
<br />
Another common method is to send bitcoin in a transaction where the conditions for spending are not just unfathomably unlikely, but literally impossible to meet. For example, a transaction that is made [[Script#Provably_Unspendable.2FPrunable_Outputs|provably unspendable using OP_RETURN]], or uses script operations that requires the user to prove that 1+1 equals 3.<br />
<br />
A lesser known method is to send bitcoin to an address based on private key that is outside the [[Private_key#Range_of_valid_ECDSA_private_keys|range of valid ECDSA private keys]]. For example, the address 16QaFeudRUt8NYy2yzjm3BMvG4xBbAsBFM has a known matching private key of value 0 (zero), which is outside the valid range.<br />
<br />
===Technical peculiarities preventing spending of bitcoin===<br />
There are also technical peculiarities that prevent the spending of some bitcoin.<br />
<br />
The first {{btc}}50, included in the [[genesis block]], cannot be spent as its transaction is not in the global database.<br />
<br />
In older versions of the bitcoin reference code, a miner could make their coinbase transaction (block reward) have the exact same ID as used in a previous block<ref>https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/612</ref>. This effectively caused the previous block reward to become unspendable. Two known such cases<ref>{{cite tx|e3bf3d07d4b0375638d5f1db5255fe07ba2c4cb067cd81b84ee974b6585fb468|used in blocks 91722 and 91880}}</ref><ref>{{cite tx|d5d27987d2a3dfc724e359870c6644b40e497bdc0589a033220fe15429d88599|used in blocks 91812 and 91842</ref> are left as special cases in the code<ref>https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/commit/ab91bf39b7c11e9c86bb2043c24f0f377f1cf514</ref> as part of [[BIP 0030]] changes that fixed this issue. These transactions were {{btc}}50 each.<br />
<br />
==Money Supply==<br />
While the number of bitcoins in existence will never exceed 21 million, the [[wikipedia:money supply|money supply]] of bitcoins can exceed 21 million due to [[wikipedia:Fractional-reserve banking|Fractional-reserve banking]].<br />
<br />
==Deflation==<br />
<br />
Because the monetary base of bitcoins cannot be expanded, the currency would be subject to severe deflation if it becomes widely used. <br />
Keynesian economists argue that [[Deflationary spiral|deflation]] is bad for an economy because it incentivises individuals and businesses to save money rather than invest in businesses and create jobs. The [[wikipedia:Austrian school|Austrian school]] of thought counters this criticism, claiming that as deflation occurs in all stages of production, entrepreneurs who invest benefit from it. As a result, profit ratios tend to stay the same and only their magnitudes change. In other words, in a deflationary environment, goods and services decrease in price, but at the same time the cost for the production of these goods and services tend to decrease proportionally, effectively not affecting profits. Price deflation encourages an increase in hoarding &mdash; hence savings &mdash; which in turn tends to lower interest rates and increase the incentive for entrepreneurs to invest in projects of longer term.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.econlib.org/library/Columns/y2006/Friedmantranscript.html Milton Friedman interview], where he proposed to replace the central bank with a computer, and to fix the money supply growth at 4% annually<br />
* [[Deflationary spiral]]<br />
* [http://blockchain.info/charts/total-bitcoins Chart of total bitcoins in circulation]<br />
* [[Inflation]]<br />
* [[Prohibited changes]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
[[Category:Economics]]</div>BitcoinNewsMagazinehttps://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Controlled_supply&diff=61384Controlled supply2016-07-30T03:14:09Z<p>BitcoinNewsMagazine: /* Projected Bitcoins Short Term */</p>
<hr />
<div><blockquote>A fixed money supply, or a supply altered only in accord with objective and calculable criteria, is a necessary condition to a meaningful just price of money.<ref>[https://www.scribd.com/doc/138347161/Bernard-W-Dempsey-1903-1960-Interest-and-Usury-With-an-Introduction-by-Joseph-a-Schumpeter-1948#page220 <i>Interest and Usury</i> p. 220] by [https://www.jstor.org/stable/29769582 Fr. Bernard W. Dempsey, S.J.] (1903-1960); cf. John Horvat II [http://returntoorder.org/ <i>Return to Order</i>] ch. 37 "The Backing of Money"</ref><br />
<p align="right">—[https://www.jstor.org/stable/29769582 Fr. Bernard W. Dempsey, S.J.] (1903-1960)</p></blockquote><br />
<br />
In a centralized economy, currency is issued by a central bank at a rate that is supposed to match the growth of the amount of goods that are exchanged so that these goods can be traded with stable prices. The <br />
[[wikipedia:monetary base|monetary base]] is controlled by a central bank. In the United States, the [[wikipedia:Federal Reserve System|Fed]] increases the monetary base by issuing currency, increasing the amount banks have on reserve, and more recently, printing money electronically in a process called [[wikipedia:Quantitative Easing|Quantitative Easing]].<br />
<br />
In a fully decentralized monetary system, there is no central authority that regulates the monetary base. Instead, currency is created by the nodes of a peer-to-peer network. The Bitcoin generation algorithm defines, in advance, how currency will be created and at what rate. Any currency that is generated by a malicious user that does not follow the rules will be rejected by the network and thus is worthless.<br />
<br />
==Currency with Finite Supply==<br />
[[Image:Controlled supply-block reward halving.png|160px|thumb|right| Block reward halving]]<br />
[[Image:Controlled supply-supply over block height.png|160px|thumb|right| Controlled supply]]<br />
Bitcoins are created each time a user discovers a new [[block]]. <br />
The rate of block creation is adjusted every 2016 blocks to aim for a constant two week adjustment period (equivalent to 6 per hour.) The number of bitcoins generated per block is set to decrease geometrically, with a 50% reduction every 210,000 blocks, or approximately four years. The result is that the number of bitcoins in existence is not expected to exceed 21 million.<ref>[http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3366.msg47522#msg47522 21 million cap]</ref> Speculated justifications for the unintuitive value "21 million" are that it matches a 4-year reward halving schedule; or the ultimate total number of Satoshis that will be mined is close to the maximum capacity of a 64-bit floating point number. Satoshi has never really justified or explained many of these constants.<br />
<br />
[[File:ControlledSupply.png]]<br />
<br />
This decreasing-supply algorithm was chosen because it approximates the rate at which commodities like gold are mined. Users who use their computers to perform calculations to try and discover a block are thus called [[Mining|''Miners'']].<br />
<br />
See also: https://plot.ly/~BashCo/5.embed?share_key=ljQVkaTiHXjX2W41UiqzCn<br />
<br />
==Projected Bitcoins Short Term ==<br />
This chart shows the number of bitcoins that will exist in the near future. The ''Year'' is a forecast and may be slightly off.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Date reached!!Block!!Reward Era!! BTC/block!! Year (estimate)!! Start BTC!! BTC Added!! End BTC!! BTC Increase|| End BTC % of Limit<br />
|-<br />
|2009-01-03||0||1||50.00||2009||0||2625000||2625000||infinite||12.500%<br />
|-<br />
|2010-04-22||52500||1||50.00||2010||2625000||2625000||5250000||100.00%||25.000%<br />
|-<br />
|2011-01-28||105000||1||50.00||2011*||5250000||2625000||7875000||50.00%||37.500%<br />
|-<br />
|2011-12-14||157500||1||50.00||2012||7875000||2625000||10500000||33.33%||50.000%<br />
|-<br />
|[[Halving day 2012|2012-11-28]]||210000||2||25.00||2013||10500000||1312500||11812500||12.50%||56.250%<br />
|-<br />
|2013-10-09||262500||2||25.00||2014||11812500||1312500||13125000||11.11%||62.500%<br />
|-<br />
|2014-08-11||315000||2||25.00||2015||13125000||1312500||14437500||10.00%||68.750%<br />
|-<br />
|2015-07-29||367500||2||25.00||2016||14437500||1312500||15750000||9.09%||75.000%<br />
|-<br />
|2016-07-09||420000||3||12.50||2017||15750000||656250||16406250||4.17%||78.125%<br />
|-<br />
|||472500||3||12.50||2018||16406250||656250||17062500||4.00%||81.250%<br />
|-<br />
|||525000||3||12.50||2019||17062500||656250||17718750||3.85%||84.375%<br />
|-<br />
|||577500||3||12.50||2020||17718750||656250||18375000||3.70%||87.500%<br />
|-<br />
|||630000||4||6.25||2021||18375000||328125||18703125||1.79%||89.063%<br />
|-<br />
|||682500||4||6.25||2022||18703125||328125||19031250||1.75%||90.625%<br />
|-<br />
|||735000||4||6.25||2023||19031250||328125||19359375||1.72%||92.188%<br />
|-<br />
|||787500||4||6.25||2024||19359375||328125||19687500||1.69%||93.750%<br />
|}<br />
''* In Block 124724, user midnightmagic mined a solo block to himself which underpaid the reward by a single Satoshi and simultaneously destroyed the block's fees. This the the only known reduction in the total mined supply of Bitcoin. Therefore, from block 124724 onwards, all total supply estimates must technically be reduced by 1 Satoshi.<br />
<br />
==Projected Bitcoins Long Term ==<br />
[[Image:Controlled supply-timeline estimation.png|160px|thumb|right| Supply timeline estimation]]<br />
Because the number of bitcoins created each time a user discovers a new block - the block reward - is halved based on a fixed interval of blocks, and the time it takes on average to discover a block can vary based on [[mining]] power and the network [[difficulty]], the exact time when the block reward is halved can vary as well. Consequently, the time the last Bitcoin will be created will also vary, and is subject to speculation based on assumptions.<br />
<br />
If the mining power had remained constant since the first Bitcoin was mined, the last Bitcoin would have been mined somewhere near October 8th, 2140. Due to the mining power having increased overall over time, as of block 367,500 - assuming mining power remained constant from that block forward - the last Bitcoin will be mined on May 7th, 2140.<br />
<br />
As it is very difficult to predict how mining power will evolve into the future - i.e. whether technological progress will continue to make hardware faster or whether mining will hit a a technological wall; or whether or not faster methods of SHA2 calculation will be discovered - putting an exact date or even year on this event is difficult.<br />
<br />
The total number of bitcoins, as mentioned earlier, has an asymptote at 21 million, due to a technical limitation in the data structure of the blockchain - specifically the integer storage type of the [[Transaction#general_format_.28inside_a_block.29_of_each_output_of_a_transaction_-_Txout|transaction output]], this exact value would have been 20,999,999.9769 bitcoin. Should this technical limitation be adjusted by changing the width of the field, the total number will still only approach or be a maximum of 21 million.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"<br />
|-<br />
! Block!!Reward Era!! BTC/block!! Start BTC!! BTC Added!! End BTC!! BTC Increase|| End BTC % of Limit<br />
|-<br />
| 0|| 1|| 50.00000000|| 0.00000000|| 10500000.00000000|| 10500000.00000000*|| infinite|| 50.00000006%<br />
|-<br />
| 210000|| 2|| 25.00000000|| 10500000.00000000|| 5250000.00000000|| 15750000.00000000|| 50.00000000%|| 75.00000008%<br />
|-<br />
| 420000|| 3|| 12.50000000|| 15750000.00000000|| 2625000.00000000|| 18375000.00000000|| 16.66666667%|| 87.50000010%<br />
|-<br />
| 630000|| 4|| 6.25000000|| 18375000.00000000|| 1312500.00000000|| 19687500.00000000|| 7.14285714%|| 93.75000010%<br />
|-<br />
| 840000|| 5|| 3.12500000|| 19687500.00000000|| 656250.00000000|| 20343750.00000000|| 3.33333333%|| 96.87500011%<br />
|-<br />
| 1050000|| 6|| 1.56250000|| 20343750.00000000|| 328125.00000000|| 20671875.00000000|| 1.61290323%|| 98.43750011%<br />
|-<br />
| 1260000|| 7|| 0.78125000|| 20671875.00000000|| 164062.50000000|| 20835937.50000000|| 0.79365079%|| 99.21875011%<br />
|-<br />
| 1470000|| 8|| 0.39062500|| 20835937.50000000|| 82031.25000000|| 20917968.75000000|| 0.39370079%|| 99.60937511%<br />
|-<br />
| 1680000|| 9|| 0.19531250|| 20917968.75000000|| 41015.62500000|| 20958984.37500000|| 0.19607843%|| 99.80468761%<br />
|-<br />
| 1890000|| 10|| 0.09765625|| 20958984.37500000|| 20507.81250000|| 20979492.18750000|| 0.09784736%|| 99.90234386%<br />
|-<br />
| 2100000|| 11|| 0.04882812|| 20979492.18750000|| 10253.90520000|| 20989746.09270000|| 0.04887585%|| 99.95117198%<br />
|-<br />
| 2310000|| 12|| 0.02441406|| 20989746.09270000|| 5126.95260000|| 20994873.04530000|| 0.02442599%|| 99.97558604%<br />
|-<br />
| 2520000|| 13|| 0.01220703|| 20994873.04530000|| 2563.47630000|| 20997436.52160000|| 0.01221001%|| 99.98779307%<br />
|-<br />
| 2730000|| 14|| 0.00610351|| 20997436.52160000|| 1281.73710000|| 20998718.25870000|| 0.00610426%|| 99.99389658%<br />
|-<br />
| 2940000|| 15|| 0.00305175|| 20998718.25870000|| 640.86750000|| 20999359.12620000|| 0.00305194%|| 99.99694833%<br />
|-<br />
| 3150000|| 16|| 0.00152587|| 20999359.12620000|| 320.43270000|| 20999679.55890000|| 0.00152592%|| 99.99847420%<br />
|-<br />
| 3360000|| 17|| 0.00076293|| 20999679.55890000|| 160.21530000|| 20999839.77420000|| 0.00076294%|| 99.99923713%<br />
|-<br />
| 3570000|| 18|| 0.00038146|| 20999839.77420000|| 80.10660000|| 20999919.88080000|| 0.00038146%|| 99.99961859%<br />
|-<br />
| 3780000|| 19|| 0.00019073|| 20999919.88080000|| 40.05330000|| 20999959.93410000|| 0.00019073%|| 99.99980932%<br />
|-<br />
| 3990000|| 20|| 0.00009536|| 20999959.93410000|| 20.02560000|| 20999979.95970000|| 0.00009536%|| 99.99990468%<br />
|-<br />
| 4200000|| 21|| 0.00004768|| 20999979.95970000|| 10.01280000|| 20999989.97250000|| 0.00004768%|| 99.99995236%<br />
|-<br />
| 4410000|| 22|| 0.00002384|| 20999989.97250000|| 5.00640000|| 20999994.97890000|| 0.00002384%|| 99.99997620%<br />
|-<br />
| 4620000|| 23|| 0.00001192|| 20999994.97890000|| 2.50320000|| 20999997.48210000|| 0.00001192%|| 99.99998812%<br />
|-<br />
| 4830000|| 24|| 0.00000596|| 20999997.48210000|| 1.25160000|| 20999998.73370000|| 0.00000596%|| 99.99999408%<br />
|-<br />
| 5040000|| 25|| 0.00000298|| 20999998.73370000|| 0.62580000|| 20999999.35950000|| 0.00000298%|| 99.99999706%<br />
|-<br />
| 5250000|| 26|| 0.00000149|| 20999999.35950000|| 0.31290000|| 20999999.67240000|| 0.00000149%|| 99.99999855%<br />
|-<br />
| 5460000|| 27|| 0.00000074|| 20999999.67240000|| 0.15540000|| 20999999.82780000|| 0.00000074%|| 99.99999929%<br />
|-<br />
| 5670000|| 28|| 0.00000037|| 20999999.82780000|| 0.07770000|| 20999999.90550000|| 0.00000037%|| 99.99999966%<br />
|-<br />
| 5880000|| 29|| 0.00000018|| 20999999.90550000|| 0.03780000|| 20999999.94330000|| 0.00000018%|| 99.99999984%<br />
|-<br />
| 6090000|| 30|| 0.00000009|| 20999999.94330000|| 0.01890000|| 20999999.96220000|| 0.00000009%|| 99.99999993%<br />
|-<br />
| 6300000|| 31|| 0.00000004|| 20999999.96220000|| 0.00840000|| 20999999.97060000|| 0.00000004%|| 99.99999997%<br />
|-<br />
| 6510000|| 32|| 0.00000002|| 20999999.97060000|| 0.00420000|| 20999999.97480000|| 0.00000002%|| 99.99999999%<br />
|-<br />
| 6720000|| 33|| 0.00000001|| 20999999.97480000|| 0.00210000|| 20999999.97690000|| 0.00000001%|| 100.00000000%<br />
|-<br />
| 6930000|| 34|| 0.00000000|| 20999999.97690000|| 0.00000000|| 20999999.97690000|| 0.00000000%|| 100.00000000%<br />
|}<br />
''Note: The number of bitcoins are presented in a floating point format. However, these values are based on the number of satoshi per block originally in integer format to prevent compounding error.''<br />
<br />
''* In block 124724, user midnightmagic solo mined a block which caused one less Satoshi to be created than would otherwise have come into existence. Therefore, all calculations from this block onwards must now, to be accurate, include this underpay in total Bitcoins in existence.''<br />
<br />
==Spendable Supply==<br />
The theoretical total number of bitcoins, 21 million, should not be confused with the total spendable supply. The total spendable supply is always lower than the theoretical total supply, and is subject to accidental loss, willful destruction, and technical peculiarities.<br />
<br />
One way to see a part of the destruction of coin is by collecting a sum of all unspent transaction outputs, using a [[API reference (JSON-RPC)|Bitcoin RPC]] command <code>gettxoutsetinfo</code>. The ''total_amount'' value returned is the sum of all outputs that the client deems technically spendable but not currently spent. Note however that this does not take into account outputs that are exceedingly unlikely to be spent as is the case in loss and destruction via constructed addresses, for example.<br />
===Miner Underpay===<br />
<br />
The algorithm which decides whether a block is valid only checks to verify whether the total amount of the reward '''exceeds''' the reward plus available fees. Therefore it is possible for a miner to deliberately choose to underpay himself by any value: not only can this destroy the fees involved, but also the reward itself, which can prevent the total possible bitcoins that can come into existence from reaching its theoretical maximum. This is a form of underpay which the reference implementation recognises as impossible to spend. Some of the other types below are not recognised as officially destroying Bitcoins; it is possible for example to spend the 1BitcoinEaterAddressDontSendf59kuE if a corresponding private key is used (although this would imply that Bitcoin has been broken.)<br />
<br />
===Loss of bitcoin===<br />
Bitcoins may be lost if the conditions required to spend them are no longer known. For example, if you made a transaction to an [[address]] that requires a private key in order to spend those bitcoins further, had written that private key down on a piece of paper, but that piece of paper was lost. In this case, that bitcoin may also be considered lost, as the odds of randomly finding a matching private key are such that it is generally considered impossible.<br />
<br />
===Willful destruction of bitcoin===<br />
Bitcoins may also be willfully 'destroyed' - for example by attaching conditions that make it impossible to spend them.<br />
<br />
A common method is to send bitcoin to an address that was constructed and only made to pass validity checks, but for which no private key is actually known. An example of such an address is "1BitcoinEaterAddressDontSendf59kuE", where the last "f59kuE" is text to make the preceding constructed text pass validation. Finding a matching private key is, again, generally considered impossible. For an example of how difficult this would be, see [[Vanitygen#Use_of_vanitygen_to_try_to_attack_addresses|Vanitygen]].<br />
<br />
Another common method is to send bitcoin in a transaction where the conditions for spending are not just unfathomably unlikely, but literally impossible to meet. For example, a transaction that is made [[Script#Provably_Unspendable.2FPrunable_Outputs|provably unspendable using OP_RETURN]], or uses script operations that requires the user to prove that 1+1 equals 3.<br />
<br />
A lesser known method is to send bitcoin to an address based on private key that is outside the [[Private_key#Range_of_valid_ECDSA_private_keys|range of valid ECDSA private keys]]. For example, the address 16QaFeudRUt8NYy2yzjm3BMvG4xBbAsBFM has a known matching private key of value 0 (zero), which is outside the valid range.<br />
<br />
===Technical peculiarities preventing spending of bitcoin===<br />
There are also technical peculiarities that prevent the spending of some bitcoin.<br />
<br />
The first {{btc}}50, included in the [[genesis block]], cannot be spent as its transaction is not in the global database.<br />
<br />
In older versions of the bitcoin reference code, a miner could make their coinbase transaction (block reward) have the exact same ID as used in a previous block<ref>https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/612</ref>. This effectively caused the previous block reward to become unspendable. Two known such cases<ref>{{cite tx|e3bf3d07d4b0375638d5f1db5255fe07ba2c4cb067cd81b84ee974b6585fb468|used in blocks 91722 and 91880}}</ref><ref>{{cite tx|d5d27987d2a3dfc724e359870c6644b40e497bdc0589a033220fe15429d88599|used in blocks 91812 and 91842</ref> are left as special cases in the code<ref>https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/commit/ab91bf39b7c11e9c86bb2043c24f0f377f1cf514</ref> as part of [[BIP 0030]] changes that fixed this issue. These transactions were {{btc}}50 each.<br />
<br />
==Money Supply==<br />
While the number of bitcoins in existence will never exceed 21 million, the [[wikipedia:money supply|money supply]] of bitcoins can exceed 21 million due to [[wikipedia:Fractional-reserve banking|Fractional-reserve banking]].<br />
<br />
==Deflation==<br />
<br />
Because the monetary base of bitcoins cannot be expanded, the currency would be subject to severe deflation if it becomes widely used. <br />
Keynesian economists argue that [[Deflationary spiral|deflation]] is bad for an economy because it incentivises individuals and businesses to save money rather than invest in businesses and create jobs. The [[wikipedia:Austrian school|Austrian school]] of thought counters this criticism, claiming that as deflation occurs in all stages of production, entrepreneurs who invest benefit from it. As a result, profit ratios tend to stay the same and only their magnitudes change. In other words, in a deflationary environment, goods and services decrease in price, but at the same time the cost for the production of these goods and services tend to decrease proportionally, effectively not affecting profits. Price deflation encourages an increase in hoarding &mdash; hence savings &mdash; which in turn tends to lower interest rates and increase the incentive for entrepreneurs to invest in projects of longer term.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.econlib.org/library/Columns/y2006/Friedmantranscript.html Milton Friedman interview], where he proposed to replace the central bank with a computer, and to fix the money supply growth at 4% annually<br />
* [[Deflationary spiral]]<br />
* [http://blockchain.info/charts/total-bitcoins Chart of total bitcoins in circulation]<br />
* [[Inflation]]<br />
* [[Prohibited changes]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
[[Category:Economics]]</div>BitcoinNewsMagazinehttps://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Hardware_wallet&diff=60293Hardware wallet2016-02-04T03:20:25Z<p>BitcoinNewsMagazine: </p>
<hr />
<div>A '''hardware wallet''' is a device that stores a part of a user's [[wallet]] securely in mostly-offline hardware. They have major advantages over other wallet types:<br />
<br />
* the key is often stored in a protected area of a microcontroller, and cannot be transferred out of the device in plaintext<br />
* immune to computer viruses that steal from software wallets<br />
* can be used securely and interactively, as opposed to a [[paper wallet]] which must be imported to software at some point<br />
* much of the time, the software is open source, allowing a user to validate the entire operation of the device<br />
<br />
This page is an attempt to summarize all the known developments of hardware wallets that can use Bitcoin as part of their operation.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Purchasable hardware wallets (ordered chronologically) ==<br />
<br />
=== Pi Wallet - cold storage ===<br />
[[File:Piwallet.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|Pi-Wallet]]<br />
[http://www.pi-wallet.com/ Pi-Wallet Shop]<br />
<br />
[http://www.pi-wallet.com/pages/what-is-pi-wallet Further informations about Pi-Wallet]<br />
<br />
The Pi-Wallet is comparable to an offline Notebook. <br />
<br />
However it combines all features of the Armory bitcoin client (e.g. offline transaction signing) with the advantages of a tiny computer.<br />
<br />
To sign offline-transaction you will need an (unused) USB stick.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== [[TREZOR]] The Bitcoin Safe ===<br />
[http://bitcointrezor.com BitcoinTrezor.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:Trezor-tx.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Confirming the transaction with TREZOR]]<br />
<br />
[[TREZOR]] is a secure bitcoin storage and a transaction signing tool. The private keys are generated by the device and never leave it thus they cannot be accessed by a malware.<br />
<br />
It uses a deterministic wallet structure which means it can hold an unlimited number of keys (BIP32/BIP44). A recovery seed is generated when the device is initialized. In case TREZOR gets lost or stolen, all its contents can be recovered using this seed (private keys, bitcoin balance and transaction history) into a new device or another BIP39/BIP44 compatible wallet. <br />
<br />
TREZOR also introduced a unique way of PIN entering preventing keyloggers from recording it even when entered on a compromised computer. An encryption passphrase can be set on top of the PIN protection. More passphrases can be used for plausible deniability.<br />
<br />
[http://BuyTrezor.com E-shop BuyTrezor.com] | [http://doc.satoshilabs.com/ TREZOR Documentation]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BTChip HW.1 - USB Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
[https://www.hardwarewallet.com HW.1 Home Page]<br />
<br />
[[File:Btchip_dongle.jpg|220px|thumb|left|HW.1 inserted in a laptop]]<br />
<br />
HW.1 is an implementation of a deterministic (BIP 32) Hardware Wallet on a USB smartcard.<br />
<br />
It is typically used as a blind secure device for multi signature transactions - holding a set of derived private keys and signing transactions without requiring user confirmation.<br />
<br />
Power users can rely on it to confirm all transactions with a second factor scheme turning the dongle into a keyboard typing what the user is supposed to have signed, as a protection against malware.<br />
<br />
It is also possible to customize HW.1 for more specfic needs, such as creating a prepaid card without revealing the deterministic seed before it is received by the user, or securing bitcoin transactions on a server.<br />
<br />
[https://buy.hardwarewallet.com E-shop] | [https://btchip.github.io/btchip-doc/bitcoin-technical.html Technical Documentation]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== Ledger Nano - USB Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
<br />
[[File:ledger_wallet_photo.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Ledger Wallet USB]]<br />
<br />
Ledger Nano protects your Bitcoin data within a smartcard. Its micro-processor certified against all types of attacks (both physical and logical), and has been used in the banking industry for decades (think credit card chips). The device connects to your computer through the USB port and will do all the Bitcoin cryptographic heavy lifting such as signing transactions inside its secure environment. You can therefore use your Bitcoin account with maximum trust, even on an insecure or compromised computer.<br />
<br />
The second factor verification of the transaction signature can be done either with a paired smartphone (Android, iOS) or a physical security card.<br />
<br />
The Ledger Wallet Chrome application (available also on Chromium) provides an easy onboarding as well as a seamless user experience, and the Nano is compatible with numerous third party software: Electrum, Mycelium, GreenAddress, Greenbits, Coinkite and Copay.<br />
<br />
[https://www.ledgerwallet.com/products/1-ledger-nano Ledger Nano product page] | [https://github.com/LedgerHQ Source and specifications]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== Ledger Unplugged - NFC Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
<br />
[[File:ledger_unplugged_photo.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Ledger Unplugged NFC]]<br />
<br />
The Ledger Unplugged is a credit card sized NFC hardware wallet. It embeds an open source Java Card app and is compatible with all NFC enabled Android phones.<br />
<br />
The device can be used with Mycelium or Greenbits. In case of loss, you can restore it on any Ledger Wallet (Nano or another one) or all other compatible solutions (BIP 39).<br />
<br />
[https://www.ledgerwallet.com/products/6-ledger-unplugged Ledger Unplugged product page] | [https://github.com/LedgerHQ/ledger-javacard Source code]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== [[BWALLET]] TREZOR clone ===<br />
[http://mybwallet.com MyBWALLET.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:BWALLET_Trezor_Clone.jpeg|200px|thumb|left|Chinese clone of Trezor]]<br />
<br />
[[BWALLET]] is a clone of Trezor by a Chinese company.<br />
Trezor code is open source and this device operates like a Trezor.<br />
However, this product has been [https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/2tyier/bwallet_review_by_trezor_developer/ reviewed by Merek aka Slush(Trezor developer)] and he has found some problems which makes this device less than 100% compatible, for example it doesn't work with [http://mytrezor.com myTREZOR.com] website and it does not work with Trezor official firmware. <br />
<br />
[http://www.coincola.com/shops/54c1fc24963d3759182b2c7f?locale=en Buy BWALLET]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== KeepKey: Your Private Bitcoin Vault ===<br />
[https://www.keepkey.com www.keepkey.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:keepkey.jpg|300px|thumb|left|KeepKey showing a bitcoin transaction that needs to be manually approved.]]<br />
<br />
KeepKey is a USB device that stores and secures your bitcoins. When you entrust KeepKey with your money, each and every bitcoin transaction you make must be reviewed and approved via it's OLED display and confirmation button.<br />
<br />
KeepKey has a unique recovery feature utilizing a rotating cipher to restore private keys with a BIP39 recovery seed. This means it is not necessary to store your private keys on KeepKey: the recovery process is secure enough so that KeepKey can be used as a transaction device for paper wallets. <br />
<br />
However KeepKey is missing several features: it does not yet work with any Android or iPhone mobile bitcoin wallet and you cannot protect accounts with a passphrase. <br />
<br />
[https://www.keepkey.com www.keepkey.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== CoolWallet: The Ultimate Bitcoin Safe ===<br />
[https://coolbitx.com coolbitx.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:CoolWallet in the box.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|CoolWallet showing Launch App, waiting for user to connect with smartphone via Bluetooth]]<br />
<br />
CoolWallet is a credit card sized Bluetooth device that stores and secures your bitcoins and private keys. It fits in your wallet and works wirelessly.<br />
<br />
Every Bitcoin transaction must be manually confirmed and approved through its e-paper display and button. <br />
<br />
CoolWallet only acknowledges the paired smartphone. Whoever stole the CoolWallet are not able to steal any bitcoins. Using recovery Seed can restore all your bitcoins in case you lost the device. <br />
<br />
[https://coolbitx.com coolbitx.com] | [https://github.com/CoolBitX-Technology/coolwallet-ios Source and specifications]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BlochsTech card: Your user friendly Bitcoin wallet ===<br />
[http://www.BlochsTech.com www.BlochsTech.com]<br />
<br />
[[file:BlochsTech Bitcoin card hardware wallet.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Graphic printed on front of BlochsTech cards.]]<br />
<br />
The BlochsTech open Bitcoin card is an open protocol secure hardware Bitcoin wallet your grandmother could use.<br />
For shops it's faster to accept than slow QR code based wallets and more reliable as it works offline.<br />
<br />
Currently it's of course in a novelty phase like Casascius coins (of which thousands were sold),<br />
however in the long run it is fully capable of functionally replacing the VISA system in all nations.<br />
<br />
[http://www.BlochsTech.com www.BlochsTech.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BitLox Bitcoin Hardware Wallet ===<br />
[http://www.bitlox.com www.bitlox.com]<br />
<br />
[[file:Bitlox.jpg|300px|thumb|left|BitLox Bitcoin Hardware Wallet]]<br />
<br />
BitLox is a metal cased (aluminum or titanium) bitcoin hardware wallet that works with their own web based wallet by USB and apps for iPhone and Android using Bluetooth LE.<br />
<br />
At present it is the only bitcoin hardware wallet you can buy that works with iPhone. The device weighs one ounce and is the size of a credit card 4 mm thick.<br />
<br />
Bitlox allows you to set up hidden wallets. Unlike other hardware wallets your seed is never displayed on a connected computer or phone but only on the Bitlox. All your wallet, device and transaction PINs are only entered on the BitLox and never on any app. <br />
<br />
BitLox has also implemented several advanced security features not available on any other bitcoin hardware wallet. <br />
<br />
[http://www.bitlox.com www.bitlox.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
== Not purchasable hardware wallets ==<br />
<br />
=== BitcoinCard Megion Technologies-Card based wallet ===<br />
[[File:Bitcoincard-medley-large.jpg|400px|thumb|left|Bitcoin Card]]<br />
[http://www.bitcoincard.org/ Bitcoincard Home Page]<br />
<br />
[http://blog.bitinstant.com/blog/2012/6/19/our-discovery-in-vienna-the-bitcoin-card.html Excellent review by evoorhees]<br />
<br />
Incorporates a e-paper display, keypad, and radio (custom ISM band protocol.) Unfortunately it is fairly limited in terms of transaction I/O, requiring a radio gateway or another bitcoincard wherever funds need to be transferred.<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BitSafe - allten/someone42's hardware wallet ===<br />
[[File:Bitsafe-wallet-sizecompare.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Bitsafe wallet]]<br />
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=127587.0 BitSafe Hardware Wallet Development - BOM Ready - 50 kits being prepared]<br />
<br />
Signing transactions only, requires USB host software for transactions & USB power. Has a OLED display and Confirm/Cancel buttons. Evolved out of someone42's prototype below, and has significant contributions from someone42 as well.<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
=== someone42's original prototype ===<br />
[[File:Someone42-wallet-prototype.jpg|300px|thumb|left|someone42's original prototype]]<br />
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=78614.0 Hardware Bitcoin wallet - a minimal Bitcoin wallet for embedded devices]<br />
<br />
Signing transactions only, requires USB host software for transactions & USB power. All work is rolled into the above BitSafe wallet currently.<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
=== Other/Defunct but with good discussion: ===<br />
* natman3400's BitClip Jun 2011 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24852.0 https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24852.0]<br />
:Seems to have gone defunct around Dec 2011. Some good ideas though and seemed to have started on execution.<br />
* jim618 hardware wallet proposal Apr 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=77553.0 Dedicated bitcoin devices - dealing with untrusted networks]<br />
:Great discussion and good ideas from jim618. Also linked the following video:<br />
* Prof. Clemens Cap's hardware wallet? (video:)[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IavQ-Wc8S1U Clemens Cap about electronic bitcoin wallet at EuroBit]<br />
:Clemens Cap of Uni Rostock explains the Electronic Bitcoin wallet device he's working on. It's based on adafruit microtouch device.<br />
* ripper234's discussion based on Yubikeys Aug 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=99492 Having a YUBIKEY as one of the parties for m-of-n signatures]<br />
:The use of Yubikeys. They only support symmetric crypto, so you'd have to trust the host device.<br />
* kalleguld's hardware wallet proposal Oct 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=115294.0 Proposal: Hardware wallet (Win 3 BTC)]<br />
* Vaporware: Matthew N Wright's ellet [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=85931.0 ANN The world's first handheld Bitcoin device, the Ellet!] (Vaporware)<br />
<br />
== Smart Card based wallets ==<br />
This type of device requires complete trust in the host device, as there is no method for user input.<br />
See [[Smart card wallet]]<br />
<br />
== Related Resources ==<br />
* [https://bitcoinnewsmagazine.com/best-bitcoin-hardware-wallet-2015/ Best Bitcoin Hardware Wallet 2015] - reviews of all bitcoin hardware wallets.<br />
* [http://99bitcoins.com/trezor-vs-ledger-hands-hardware-wallets-review/ TREZOR vs. Ledger] - User reviews and Reddit feedback<br />
* slush's Hardware wallet wire protocol discussion: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=125383.0 Hardware wallet wire protocol]<br />
* kjj's Todo List discussion for client protocol requirements: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=19080.msg272348#msg272348 in topic Re: Split private keys]<br />
* paybitcoin's original post: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134277.0 Hardware Wallet Roundup]<br />
* [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=135090.0 This thread] about editing this very wiki entry.<br />
* [https://www.coldhardware.com/ ColdHardware.com] - information about using Bitcoin hardware wallets for cold storage.<br />
* Various Hardware Wallets and Reviews: [http://www.offlinewallets.com/hardware-wallets Offline Hardware Wallets]<br />
* [https://www.weusecoins.com/bitcoin-ledger-wallet-review/ Ledger Wallet Review]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Security]]<br />
[[Category:Wallets]]<br />
[[Category:Hardware]]</div>BitcoinNewsMagazinehttps://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Hardware_wallet&diff=60292Hardware wallet2016-02-04T00:12:08Z<p>BitcoinNewsMagazine: </p>
<hr />
<div>A '''hardware wallet''' is a device that stores a part of a user's [[wallet]] securely in mostly-offline hardware. They have major advantages over other wallet types:<br />
<br />
* the key is often stored in a protected area of a microcontroller, and cannot be transferred out of the device in plaintext<br />
* immune to computer viruses that steal from software wallets<br />
* can be used securely and interactively, as opposed to a [[paper wallet]] which must be imported to software at some point<br />
* much of the time, the software is open source, allowing a user to validate the entire operation of the device<br />
<br />
This page is an attempt to summarize all the known developments of hardware wallets that can use Bitcoin as part of their operation.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Purchasable hardware wallets (ordered chronologically) ==<br />
<br />
=== Pi Wallet - cold storage ===<br />
[[File:Piwallet.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|Pi-Wallet]]<br />
[http://www.pi-wallet.com/ Pi-Wallet Shop]<br />
<br />
[http://www.pi-wallet.com/pages/what-is-pi-wallet Further informations about Pi-Wallet]<br />
<br />
The Pi-Wallet is comparable to an offline Notebook. <br />
<br />
However it combines all features of the Armory bitcoin client (e.g. offline transaction signing) with the advantages of a tiny computer.<br />
<br />
To sign offline-transaction you will need an (unused) USB stick.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== [[TREZOR]] The Bitcoin Safe ===<br />
[http://bitcointrezor.com BitcoinTrezor.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:Trezor-tx.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Confirming the transaction with TREZOR]]<br />
<br />
[[TREZOR]] is a secure bitcoin storage and a transaction signing tool. The private keys are generated by the device and never leave it thus they cannot be accessed by a malware.<br />
<br />
It uses a deterministic wallet structure which means it can hold an unlimited number of keys (BIP32/BIP44). A recovery seed is generated when the device is initialized. In case TREZOR gets lost or stolen, all its contents can be recovered using this seed (private keys, bitcoin balance and transaction history) into a new device or another BIP39/BIP44 compatible wallet. <br />
<br />
TREZOR also introduced a unique way of PIN entering preventing keyloggers from recording it even when entered on a compromised computer. An encryption passphrase can be set on top of the PIN protection. More passphrases can be used for plausible deniability.<br />
<br />
[http://BuyTrezor.com E-shop BuyTrezor.com] | [http://doc.satoshilabs.com/ TREZOR Documentation]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BTChip HW.1 - USB Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
[https://www.hardwarewallet.com HW.1 Home Page]<br />
<br />
[[File:Btchip_dongle.jpg|220px|thumb|left|HW.1 inserted in a laptop]]<br />
<br />
HW.1 is an implementation of a deterministic (BIP 32) Hardware Wallet on a USB smartcard.<br />
<br />
It is typically used as a blind secure device for multi signature transactions - holding a set of derived private keys and signing transactions without requiring user confirmation.<br />
<br />
Power users can rely on it to confirm all transactions with a second factor scheme turning the dongle into a keyboard typing what the user is supposed to have signed, as a protection against malware.<br />
<br />
It is also possible to customize HW.1 for more specfic needs, such as creating a prepaid card without revealing the deterministic seed before it is received by the user, or securing bitcoin transactions on a server.<br />
<br />
[https://buy.hardwarewallet.com E-shop] | [https://btchip.github.io/btchip-doc/bitcoin-technical.html Technical Documentation]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== Ledger Nano - USB Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
<br />
[[File:ledger_wallet_photo.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Ledger Wallet USB]]<br />
<br />
Ledger Nano protects your Bitcoin data within a smartcard. Its micro-processor certified against all types of attacks (both physical and logical), and has been used in the banking industry for decades (think credit card chips). The device connects to your computer through the USB port and will do all the Bitcoin cryptographic heavy lifting such as signing transactions inside its secure environment. You can therefore use your Bitcoin account with maximum trust, even on an insecure or compromised computer.<br />
<br />
The second factor verification of the transaction signature can be done either with a paired smartphone (Android, iOS) or a physical security card.<br />
<br />
The Ledger Wallet Chrome application (available also on Chromium) provides an easy onboarding as well as a seamless user experience, and the Nano is compatible with numerous third party software: Electrum, Mycelium, GreenAddress, Greenbits, Coinkite and Copay.<br />
<br />
[https://www.ledgerwallet.com/products/1-ledger-nano Ledger Nano product page] | [https://github.com/LedgerHQ Source and specifications]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== Ledger Unplugged - NFC Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
<br />
[[File:ledger_unplugged_photo.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Ledger Unplugged NFC]]<br />
<br />
The Ledger Unplugged is a credit card sized NFC hardware wallet. It embeds an open source Java Card app and is compatible with all NFC enabled Android phones.<br />
<br />
The device can be used with Mycelium or Greenbits. In case of loss, you can restore it on any Ledger Wallet (Nano or another one) or all other compatible solutions (BIP 39).<br />
<br />
[https://www.ledgerwallet.com/products/6-ledger-unplugged Ledger Unplugged product page] | [https://github.com/LedgerHQ/ledger-javacard Source code]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== [[BWALLET]] TREZOR clone ===<br />
[http://mybwallet.com MyBWALLET.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:BWALLET_Trezor_Clone.jpeg|200px|thumb|left|Chinese clone of Trezor]]<br />
<br />
[[BWALLET]] is a clone of Trezor by a Chinese company.<br />
Trezor code is open source and this device operates like a Trezor.<br />
However, this product has been [https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/2tyier/bwallet_review_by_trezor_developer/ reviewed by Merek aka Slush(Trezor developer)] and he has found some problems which makes this device less than 100% compatible, for example it doesn't work with [http://mytrezor.com myTREZOR.com] website and it does not work with Trezor official firmware. <br />
<br />
[http://www.coincola.com/shops/54c1fc24963d3759182b2c7f?locale=en Buy BWALLET]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== KeepKey: Your Private Bitcoin Vault ===<br />
[https://www.keepkey.com www.keepkey.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:keepkey.jpg|300px|thumb|left|KeepKey showing a bitcoin transaction that needs to be manually approved.]]<br />
<br />
KeepKey is a USB device that stores and secures your bitcoins. When you entrust KeepKey with your money, each and every bitcoin transaction you make must be reviewed and approved via it's OLED display and confirmation button.<br />
<br />
KeepKey has a unique recovery feature utilizing a rotating cipher to restore private keys with a BIP39 recovery seed. This means it is not necessary to store your private keys on KeepKey: the recovery process is secure enough so that KeepKey can be used as a transaction device for paper wallets. <br />
<br />
However KeepKey is missing several features: it does not yet work with any Android or iPhone mobile bitcoin wallet and you cannot protect accounts with a passphrase. <br />
<br />
[https://www.keepkey.com www.keepkey.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BlochsTech card: Your user friendly Bitcoin wallet ===<br />
[http://www.BlochsTech.com www.BlochsTech.com]<br />
<br />
[[file:BlochsTech Bitcoin card hardware wallet.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Graphic printed on front of BlochsTech cards.]]<br />
<br />
The BlochsTech open Bitcoin card is an open protocol secure hardware Bitcoin wallet your grandmother could use.<br />
For shops it's faster to accept than slow QR code based wallets and more reliable as it works offline.<br />
<br />
Currently it's of course in a novelty phase like Casascius coins (of which thousands were sold),<br />
however in the long run it is fully capable of functionally replacing the VISA system in all nations.<br />
<br />
[http://www.BlochsTech.com www.BlochsTech.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BitLox Bitcoin Hardware Wallet ===<br />
[http://www.bitlox.com www.bitlox.com]<br />
<br />
[[file:Bitlox.jpg|300px|thumb|left|BitLox Bitcoin Hardware Wallet]]<br />
<br />
BitLox is a metal cased (aluminum or titanium) bitcoin hardware wallet that works with their own web based wallet by USB and apps for iPhone and Android using Bluetooth LE.<br />
<br />
At present it is the only bitcoin hardware wallet you can buy that works with iPhone. The device weighs one ounce and is the size of a credit card 4 mm thick.<br />
<br />
Bitlox allows you to set up hidden wallets. Unlike other hardware wallets your seed is never displayed on a connected computer or phone but only on the Bitlox. All your wallet, device and transaction PINs are only entered on the BitLox and never on any app. <br />
<br />
BitLox has also implemented several advanced security features not available on any other bitcoin hardware wallet. <br />
<br />
[http://www.bitlox.com www.bitlox.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
== Not purchasable hardware wallets ==<br />
<br />
=== CoolWallet: The Ultimate Bitcoin Safe ===<br />
[https://coolbitx.com coolbitx.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:CoolWallet in the box.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|CoolWallet showing Launch App, waiting for user to connect with smartphone via Bluetooth]]<br />
<br />
CoolWallet is a credit card sized Bluetooth device that stores and secures your bitcoins and private keys. It fits in your wallet and works wirelessly.<br />
<br />
Every Bitcoin transaction must be manually confirmed and approved through its e-paper display and button. <br />
<br />
CoolWallet only acknowledges the paired smartphone. Whoever stole the CoolWallet are not able to steal any bitcoins. Using recovery Seed can restore all your bitcoins in case you lost the device. <br />
<br />
[https://coolbitx.com coolbitx.com] | [https://github.com/CoolBitX-Technology/coolwallet-ios Source and specifications]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BitcoinCard Megion Technologies-Card based wallet ===<br />
[[File:Bitcoincard-medley-large.jpg|400px|thumb|left|Bitcoin Card]]<br />
[http://www.bitcoincard.org/ Bitcoincard Home Page]<br />
<br />
[http://blog.bitinstant.com/blog/2012/6/19/our-discovery-in-vienna-the-bitcoin-card.html Excellent review by evoorhees]<br />
<br />
Incorporates a e-paper display, keypad, and radio (custom ISM band protocol.) Unfortunately it is fairly limited in terms of transaction I/O, requiring a radio gateway or another bitcoincard wherever funds need to be transferred.<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BitSafe - allten/someone42's hardware wallet ===<br />
[[File:Bitsafe-wallet-sizecompare.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Bitsafe wallet]]<br />
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=127587.0 BitSafe Hardware Wallet Development - BOM Ready - 50 kits being prepared]<br />
<br />
Signing transactions only, requires USB host software for transactions & USB power. Has a OLED display and Confirm/Cancel buttons. Evolved out of someone42's prototype below, and has significant contributions from someone42 as well.<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
=== someone42's original prototype ===<br />
[[File:Someone42-wallet-prototype.jpg|300px|thumb|left|someone42's original prototype]]<br />
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=78614.0 Hardware Bitcoin wallet - a minimal Bitcoin wallet for embedded devices]<br />
<br />
Signing transactions only, requires USB host software for transactions & USB power. All work is rolled into the above BitSafe wallet currently.<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
=== Other/Defunct but with good discussion: ===<br />
* natman3400's BitClip Jun 2011 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24852.0 https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24852.0]<br />
:Seems to have gone defunct around Dec 2011. Some good ideas though and seemed to have started on execution.<br />
* jim618 hardware wallet proposal Apr 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=77553.0 Dedicated bitcoin devices - dealing with untrusted networks]<br />
:Great discussion and good ideas from jim618. Also linked the following video:<br />
* Prof. Clemens Cap's hardware wallet? (video:)[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IavQ-Wc8S1U Clemens Cap about electronic bitcoin wallet at EuroBit]<br />
:Clemens Cap of Uni Rostock explains the Electronic Bitcoin wallet device he's working on. It's based on adafruit microtouch device.<br />
* ripper234's discussion based on Yubikeys Aug 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=99492 Having a YUBIKEY as one of the parties for m-of-n signatures]<br />
:The use of Yubikeys. They only support symmetric crypto, so you'd have to trust the host device.<br />
* kalleguld's hardware wallet proposal Oct 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=115294.0 Proposal: Hardware wallet (Win 3 BTC)]<br />
* Vaporware: Matthew N Wright's ellet [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=85931.0 ANN The world's first handheld Bitcoin device, the Ellet!] (Vaporware)<br />
<br />
== Smart Card based wallets ==<br />
This type of device requires complete trust in the host device, as there is no method for user input.<br />
See [[Smart card wallet]]<br />
<br />
== Related Resources ==<br />
* [https://bitcoinnewsmagazine.com/best-bitcoin-hardware-wallet-2015/ Best Bitcoin Hardware Wallet 2015] - reviews of all bitcoin hardware wallets.<br />
* [http://99bitcoins.com/trezor-vs-ledger-hands-hardware-wallets-review/ TREZOR vs. Ledger] - User reviews and Reddit feedback<br />
* slush's Hardware wallet wire protocol discussion: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=125383.0 Hardware wallet wire protocol]<br />
* kjj's Todo List discussion for client protocol requirements: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=19080.msg272348#msg272348 in topic Re: Split private keys]<br />
* paybitcoin's original post: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134277.0 Hardware Wallet Roundup]<br />
* [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=135090.0 This thread] about editing this very wiki entry.<br />
* [https://www.coldhardware.com/ ColdHardware.com] - information about using Bitcoin hardware wallets for cold storage.<br />
* Various Hardware Wallets and Reviews: [http://www.offlinewallets.com/hardware-wallets Offline Hardware Wallets]<br />
* [https://www.weusecoins.com/bitcoin-ledger-wallet-review/ Ledger Wallet Review]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Security]]<br />
[[Category:Wallets]]<br />
[[Category:Hardware]]</div>BitcoinNewsMagazinehttps://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Hardware_wallet&diff=60291Hardware wallet2016-02-03T20:58:01Z<p>BitcoinNewsMagazine: </p>
<hr />
<div>A '''hardware wallet''' is a device that stores a part of a user's [[wallet]] securely in mostly-offline hardware. They have major advantages over other wallet types:<br />
<br />
* the key is often stored in a protected area of a microcontroller, and cannot be transferred out of the device in plaintext<br />
* immune to computer viruses that steal from software wallets<br />
* can be used securely and interactively, as opposed to a [[paper wallet]] which must be imported to software at some point<br />
* much of the time, the software is open source, allowing a user to validate the entire operation of the device<br />
<br />
This page is an attempt to summarize all the known developments of hardware wallets that can use Bitcoin as part of their operation.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Purchasable hardware wallets (ordered chronologically) ==<br />
<br />
=== Pi Wallet - cold storage ===<br />
[[File:Piwallet.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|Pi-Wallet]]<br />
[http://www.pi-wallet.com/ Pi-Wallet Shop]<br />
<br />
[http://www.pi-wallet.com/pages/what-is-pi-wallet Further informations about Pi-Wallet]<br />
<br />
The Pi-Wallet is comparable to an offline Notebook. <br />
<br />
However it combines all features of the Armory bitcoin client (e.g. offline transaction signing) with the advantages of a tiny computer.<br />
<br />
To sign offline-transaction you will need an (unused) USB stick.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== [[TREZOR]] The Bitcoin Safe ===<br />
[http://bitcointrezor.com BitcoinTrezor.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:Trezor-tx.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Confirming the transaction with TREZOR]]<br />
<br />
[[TREZOR]] is a secure bitcoin storage and a transaction signing tool. The private keys are generated by the device and never leave it thus they cannot be accessed by a malware.<br />
<br />
It uses a deterministic wallet structure which means it can hold an unlimited number of keys (BIP32/BIP44). A recovery seed is generated when the device is initialized. In case TREZOR gets lost or stolen, all its contents can be recovered using this seed (private keys, bitcoin balance and transaction history) into a new device or another BIP39/BIP44 compatible wallet. <br />
<br />
TREZOR also introduced a unique way of PIN entering preventing keyloggers from recording it even when entered on a compromised computer. An encryption passphrase can be set on top of the PIN protection. More passphrases can be used for plausible deniability.<br />
<br />
[http://BuyTrezor.com E-shop BuyTrezor.com] | [http://doc.satoshilabs.com/ TREZOR Documentation]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BTChip HW.1 - USB Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
[https://www.hardwarewallet.com HW.1 Home Page]<br />
<br />
[[File:Btchip_dongle.jpg|220px|thumb|left|HW.1 inserted in a laptop]]<br />
<br />
HW.1 is an implementation of a deterministic (BIP 32) Hardware Wallet on a USB smartcard.<br />
<br />
It is typically used as a blind secure device for multi signature transactions - holding a set of derived private keys and signing transactions without requiring user confirmation.<br />
<br />
Power users can rely on it to confirm all transactions with a second factor scheme turning the dongle into a keyboard typing what the user is supposed to have signed, as a protection against malware.<br />
<br />
It is also possible to customize HW.1 for more specfic needs, such as creating a prepaid card without revealing the deterministic seed before it is received by the user, or securing bitcoin transactions on a server.<br />
<br />
[https://buy.hardwarewallet.com E-shop] | [https://btchip.github.io/btchip-doc/bitcoin-technical.html Technical Documentation]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== Ledger Nano - USB Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
<br />
[[File:ledger_wallet_photo.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Ledger Wallet USB]]<br />
<br />
Ledger Nano protects your Bitcoin data within a smartcard. Its micro-processor certified against all types of attacks (both physical and logical), and has been used in the banking industry for decades (think credit card chips). The device connects to your computer through the USB port and will do all the Bitcoin cryptographic heavy lifting such as signing transactions inside its secure environment. You can therefore use your Bitcoin account with maximum trust, even on an insecure or compromised computer.<br />
<br />
The second factor verification of the transaction signature can be done either with a paired smartphone (Android, iOS) or a physical security card.<br />
<br />
The Ledger Wallet Chrome application (available also on Chromium) provides an easy onboarding as well as a seamless user experience, and the Nano is compatible with numerous third party software: Electrum, Mycelium, GreenAddress, Greenbits, Coinkite and Copay.<br />
<br />
[https://www.ledgerwallet.com/products/1-ledger-nano Ledger Nano product page] | [https://github.com/LedgerHQ Source and specifications]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== Ledger Unplugged - NFC Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
<br />
[[File:ledger_unplugged_photo.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Ledger Unplugged NFC]]<br />
<br />
The Ledger Unplugged is a credit card sized NFC hardware wallet. It embeds an open source Java Card app and is compatible with all NFC enabled Android phones.<br />
<br />
The device can be used with Mycelium or Greenbits. In case of loss, you can restore it on any Ledger Wallet (Nano or another one) or all other compatible solutions (BIP 39).<br />
<br />
[https://www.ledgerwallet.com/products/6-ledger-unplugged Ledger Unplugged product page] | [https://github.com/LedgerHQ/ledger-javacard Source code]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== [[BWALLET]] TREZOR clone ===<br />
[http://mybwallet.com MyBWALLET.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:BWALLET_Trezor_Clone.jpeg|200px|thumb|left|Chinese clone of Trezor]]<br />
<br />
[[BWALLET]] is a clone of Trezor by a Chinese company.<br />
Trezor code is open source and this device operates like a Trezor.<br />
However, this product has been [https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/2tyier/bwallet_review_by_trezor_developer/ reviewed by Merek aka Slush(Trezor developer)] and he has found some problems which makes this device less than 100% compatible, for example it doesn't work with [http://mytrezor.com myTREZOR.com] website and it does not work with Trezor official firmware. <br />
<br />
[http://www.coincola.com/shops/54c1fc24963d3759182b2c7f?locale=en Buy BWALLET]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== KeepKey: Your Private Bitcoin Vault ===<br />
[https://www.keepkey.com www.keepkey.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:keepkey.jpg|300px|thumb|left|KeepKey showing a bitcoin transaction that needs to be manually approved.]]<br />
<br />
KeepKey is a USB device that stores and secures your bitcoins. When you entrust KeepKey with your money, each and every bitcoin transaction you make must be reviewed and approved via it's OLED display and confirmation button.<br />
<br />
KeepKey has a unique recovery feature utilizing a rotating cipher to restore private keys with a BIP39 recovery seed. This means it is not necessary to store your private keys on KeepKey: the recovery process is secure enough so that KeepKey can be used as a transaction device for paper wallets. <br />
<br />
However KeepKey is missing several features: it does not yet work with any Android or iPhone mobile bitcoin wallet and you cannot protect accounts with a passphrase. <br />
<br />
[https://www.keepkey.com www.keepkey.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BlochsTech card: Your user friendly Bitcoin wallet ===<br />
[http://www.BlochsTech.com www.BlochsTech.com]<br />
<br />
[[file:BlochsTech Bitcoin card hardware wallet.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Graphic printed on front of BlochsTech cards.]]<br />
<br />
The BlochsTech open Bitcoin card is an open protocol secure hardware Bitcoin wallet your grandmother could use.<br />
For shops it's faster to accept than slow QR code based wallets and more reliable as it works offline.<br />
<br />
Currently it's of course in a novelty phase like Casascius coins (of which thousands were sold),<br />
however in the long run it is fully capable of functionally replacing the VISA system in all nations.<br />
<br />
[http://www.BlochsTech.com www.BlochsTech.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BitLox Bitcoin Hardware Wallet ===<br />
[http://www.bitlox.com www.bitlox.com]<br />
<br />
[[file:Bitlox.jpg|300px|thumb|left|BitLox Bitcoin Hardware Wallet]]<br />
<br />
BitLox is a metal cased (aluminum or titanium) bitcoin hardware wallet that works with their own web based wallet and apps for iPhone and Android.<br />
At present it is the only bitcoin hardware wallet you can buy that works with iPhone. The device weighs one ounce and is the size of a credit card 4 mm thick.<br />
<br />
Bitlox allows you to set up hidden wallets. Unlike other hardware wallets your seed is never displayed on a connected computer or phone but only on the Bitlox. All your wallet, device and transaction PINs are only entered on the BitLox and never on any app. <br />
<br />
BitLox has also implemented several advanced security features not available on any other bitcoin hardware wallet. <br />
<br />
[http://www.bitlox.com www.bitlox.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
== Not purchasable hardware wallets ==<br />
<br />
=== CoolWallet: The Ultimate Bitcoin Safe ===<br />
[https://coolbitx.com coolbitx.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:CoolWallet in the box.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|CoolWallet showing Launch App, waiting for user to connect with smartphone via Bluetooth]]<br />
<br />
CoolWallet is a credit card sized Bluetooth device that stores and secures your bitcoins and private keys. It fits in your wallet and works wirelessly.<br />
<br />
Every Bitcoin transaction must be manually confirmed and approved through its e-paper display and button. <br />
<br />
CoolWallet only acknowledges the paired smartphone. Whoever stole the CoolWallet are not able to steal any bitcoins. Using recovery Seed can restore all your bitcoins in case you lost the device. <br />
<br />
[https://coolbitx.com coolbitx.com] | [https://github.com/CoolBitX-Technology/coolwallet-ios Source and specifications]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BitcoinCard Megion Technologies-Card based wallet ===<br />
[[File:Bitcoincard-medley-large.jpg|400px|thumb|left|Bitcoin Card]]<br />
[http://www.bitcoincard.org/ Bitcoincard Home Page]<br />
<br />
[http://blog.bitinstant.com/blog/2012/6/19/our-discovery-in-vienna-the-bitcoin-card.html Excellent review by evoorhees]<br />
<br />
Incorporates a e-paper display, keypad, and radio (custom ISM band protocol.) Unfortunately it is fairly limited in terms of transaction I/O, requiring a radio gateway or another bitcoincard wherever funds need to be transferred.<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BitSafe - allten/someone42's hardware wallet ===<br />
[[File:Bitsafe-wallet-sizecompare.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Bitsafe wallet]]<br />
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=127587.0 BitSafe Hardware Wallet Development - BOM Ready - 50 kits being prepared]<br />
<br />
Signing transactions only, requires USB host software for transactions & USB power. Has a OLED display and Confirm/Cancel buttons. Evolved out of someone42's prototype below, and has significant contributions from someone42 as well.<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
=== someone42's original prototype ===<br />
[[File:Someone42-wallet-prototype.jpg|300px|thumb|left|someone42's original prototype]]<br />
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=78614.0 Hardware Bitcoin wallet - a minimal Bitcoin wallet for embedded devices]<br />
<br />
Signing transactions only, requires USB host software for transactions & USB power. All work is rolled into the above BitSafe wallet currently.<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
=== Other/Defunct but with good discussion: ===<br />
* natman3400's BitClip Jun 2011 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24852.0 https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24852.0]<br />
:Seems to have gone defunct around Dec 2011. Some good ideas though and seemed to have started on execution.<br />
* jim618 hardware wallet proposal Apr 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=77553.0 Dedicated bitcoin devices - dealing with untrusted networks]<br />
:Great discussion and good ideas from jim618. Also linked the following video:<br />
* Prof. Clemens Cap's hardware wallet? (video:)[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IavQ-Wc8S1U Clemens Cap about electronic bitcoin wallet at EuroBit]<br />
:Clemens Cap of Uni Rostock explains the Electronic Bitcoin wallet device he's working on. It's based on adafruit microtouch device.<br />
* ripper234's discussion based on Yubikeys Aug 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=99492 Having a YUBIKEY as one of the parties for m-of-n signatures]<br />
:The use of Yubikeys. They only support symmetric crypto, so you'd have to trust the host device.<br />
* kalleguld's hardware wallet proposal Oct 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=115294.0 Proposal: Hardware wallet (Win 3 BTC)]<br />
* Vaporware: Matthew N Wright's ellet [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=85931.0 ANN The world's first handheld Bitcoin device, the Ellet!] (Vaporware)<br />
<br />
== Smart Card based wallets ==<br />
This type of device requires complete trust in the host device, as there is no method for user input.<br />
See [[Smart card wallet]]<br />
<br />
== Related Resources ==<br />
* [https://bitcoinnewsmagazine.com/best-bitcoin-hardware-wallet-2015/ Best Bitcoin Hardware Wallet 2015] - reviews of all bitcoin hardware wallets.<br />
* [http://99bitcoins.com/trezor-vs-ledger-hands-hardware-wallets-review/ TREZOR vs. Ledger] - User reviews and Reddit feedback<br />
* slush's Hardware wallet wire protocol discussion: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=125383.0 Hardware wallet wire protocol]<br />
* kjj's Todo List discussion for client protocol requirements: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=19080.msg272348#msg272348 in topic Re: Split private keys]<br />
* paybitcoin's original post: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134277.0 Hardware Wallet Roundup]<br />
* [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=135090.0 This thread] about editing this very wiki entry.<br />
* [https://www.coldhardware.com/ ColdHardware.com] - information about using Bitcoin hardware wallets for cold storage.<br />
* Various Hardware Wallets and Reviews: [http://www.offlinewallets.com/hardware-wallets Offline Hardware Wallets]<br />
* [https://www.weusecoins.com/bitcoin-ledger-wallet-review/ Ledger Wallet Review]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Security]]<br />
[[Category:Wallets]]<br />
[[Category:Hardware]]</div>BitcoinNewsMagazinehttps://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Hardware_wallet&diff=60290Hardware wallet2016-02-03T17:43:41Z<p>BitcoinNewsMagazine: </p>
<hr />
<div>A '''hardware wallet''' is a device that stores a part of a user's [[wallet]] securely in mostly-offline hardware. They have major advantages over other wallet types:<br />
<br />
* the key is often stored in a protected area of a microcontroller, and cannot be transferred out of the device in plaintext<br />
* immune to computer viruses that steal from software wallets<br />
* can be used securely and interactively, as opposed to a [[paper wallet]] which must be imported to software at some point<br />
* much of the time, the software is open source, allowing a user to validate the entire operation of the device<br />
<br />
This page is an attempt to summarize all the known developments of hardware wallets that can use Bitcoin as part of their operation.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Purchasable hardware wallets (ordered chronologically) ==<br />
<br />
=== Pi Wallet - cold storage ===<br />
[[File:Piwallet.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|Pi-Wallet]]<br />
[http://www.pi-wallet.com/ Pi-Wallet Shop]<br />
<br />
[http://www.pi-wallet.com/pages/what-is-pi-wallet Further informations about Pi-Wallet]<br />
<br />
The Pi-Wallet is comparable to an offline Notebook. <br />
<br />
However it combines all features of the Armory bitcoin client (e.g. offline transaction signing) with the advantages of a tiny computer.<br />
<br />
To sign offline-transaction you will need an (unused) USB stick.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== [[TREZOR]] The Bitcoin Safe ===<br />
[http://bitcointrezor.com BitcoinTrezor.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:Trezor-tx.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Confirming the transaction with TREZOR]]<br />
<br />
[[TREZOR]] is a secure bitcoin storage and a transaction signing tool. The private keys are generated by the device and never leave it thus they cannot be accessed by a malware.<br />
<br />
It uses a deterministic wallet structure which means it can hold an unlimited number of keys (BIP32/BIP44). A recovery seed is generated when the device is initialized. In case TREZOR gets lost or stolen, all its contents can be recovered using this seed (private keys, bitcoin balance and transaction history) into a new device or another BIP39/BIP44 compatible wallet. <br />
<br />
TREZOR also introduced a unique way of PIN entering preventing keyloggers from recording it even when entered on a compromised computer. An encryption passphrase can be set on top of the PIN protection. More passphrases can be used for plausible deniability.<br />
<br />
[http://BuyTrezor.com E-shop BuyTrezor.com] | [http://doc.satoshilabs.com/ TREZOR Documentation]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BTChip HW.1 - USB Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
[https://www.hardwarewallet.com HW.1 Home Page]<br />
<br />
[[File:Btchip_dongle.jpg|220px|thumb|left|HW.1 inserted in a laptop]]<br />
<br />
HW.1 is an implementation of a deterministic (BIP 32) Hardware Wallet on a USB smartcard.<br />
<br />
It is typically used as a blind secure device for multi signature transactions - holding a set of derived private keys and signing transactions without requiring user confirmation.<br />
<br />
Power users can rely on it to confirm all transactions with a second factor scheme turning the dongle into a keyboard typing what the user is supposed to have signed, as a protection against malware.<br />
<br />
It is also possible to customize HW.1 for more specfic needs, such as creating a prepaid card without revealing the deterministic seed before it is received by the user, or securing bitcoin transactions on a server.<br />
<br />
[https://buy.hardwarewallet.com E-shop] | [https://btchip.github.io/btchip-doc/bitcoin-technical.html Technical Documentation]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== Ledger Nano - USB Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
<br />
[[File:ledger_wallet_photo.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Ledger Wallet USB]]<br />
<br />
Ledger Nano protects your Bitcoin data within a smartcard. Its micro-processor certified against all types of attacks (both physical and logical), and has been used in the banking industry for decades (think credit card chips). The device connects to your computer through the USB port and will do all the Bitcoin cryptographic heavy lifting such as signing transactions inside its secure environment. You can therefore use your Bitcoin account with maximum trust, even on an insecure or compromised computer.<br />
<br />
The second factor verification of the transaction signature can be done either with a paired smartphone (Android, iOS) or a physical security card.<br />
<br />
The Ledger Wallet Chrome application (available also on Chromium) provides an easy onboarding as well as a seamless user experience, and the Nano is compatible with numerous third party software: Electrum, Mycelium, GreenAddress, Greenbits, Coinkite and Copay.<br />
<br />
[https://www.ledgerwallet.com/products/1-ledger-nano Ledger Nano product page] | [https://github.com/LedgerHQ Source and specifications]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== Ledger Unplugged - NFC Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
<br />
[[File:ledger_unplugged_photo.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Ledger Unplugged NFC]]<br />
<br />
The Ledger Unplugged is a credit card sized NFC hardware wallet. It embeds an open source Java Card app and is compatible with all NFC enabled Android phones.<br />
<br />
The device can be used with Mycelium or Greenbits. In case of loss, you can restore it on any Ledger Wallet (Nano or another one) or all other compatible solutions (BIP 39).<br />
<br />
[https://www.ledgerwallet.com/products/6-ledger-unplugged Ledger Unplugged product page] | [https://github.com/LedgerHQ/ledger-javacard Source code]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== [[BWALLET]] TREZOR clone ===<br />
[http://mybwallet.com MyBWALLET.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:BWALLET_Trezor_Clone.jpeg|200px|thumb|left|Chinese clone of Trezor]]<br />
<br />
[[BWALLET]] is a clone of Trezor by a Chinese company.<br />
Trezor code is open source and this device operates like a Trezor.<br />
However, this product has been [https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/2tyier/bwallet_review_by_trezor_developer/ reviewed by Merek aka Slush(Trezor developer)] and he has found some problems which makes this device less than 100% compatible, for example it doesn't work with [http://mytrezor.com myTREZOR.com] website and it does not work with Trezor official firmware. <br />
<br />
[http://www.coincola.com/shops/54c1fc24963d3759182b2c7f?locale=en Buy BWALLET]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
<br />
=== CoolWallet: The Ultimate Bitcoin Safe ===<br />
[https://coolbitx.com coolbitx.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:CoolWallet in the box.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|CoolWallet showing Launch App, waiting for user to connect with smartphone via Bluetooth]]<br />
<br />
CoolWallet is a credit card sized Bluetooth device that stores and secures your bitcoins and private keys. It fits in your wallet and works wirelessly.<br />
<br />
Every Bitcoin transaction must be manually confirmed and approved through its e-paper display and button. <br />
<br />
CoolWallet only acknowledges the paired smartphone. Whoever stole the CoolWallet are not able to steal any bitcoins. Using recovery Seed can restore all your bitcoins in case you lost the device. <br />
<br />
[https://coolbitx.com coolbitx.com] | [https://github.com/CoolBitX-Technology/coolwallet-ios Source and specifications]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== KeepKey: Your Private Bitcoin Vault ===<br />
[https://www.keepkey.com www.keepkey.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:keepkey.jpg|300px|thumb|left|KeepKey showing a bitcoin transaction that needs to be manually approved.]]<br />
<br />
KeepKey is a USB device that stores and secures your bitcoins. When you entrust KeepKey with your money, each and every bitcoin transaction you make must be reviewed and approved via it's OLED display and confirmation button.<br />
<br />
KeepKey has a unique recovery feature utilizing a rotating cipher to restore private keys with a BIP39 recovery seed. This means it is not necessary to store your private keys on KeepKey: the recovery process is secure enough so that KeepKey can be used as a transaction device for paper wallets. <br />
<br />
However KeepKey is missing several features: it does not yet work with any Android or iPhone mobile bitcoin wallet and you cannot protect accounts with a passphrase. <br />
<br />
[https://www.keepkey.com www.keepkey.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BlochsTech card: Your user friendly Bitcoin wallet ===<br />
[http://www.BlochsTech.com www.BlochsTech.com]<br />
<br />
[[file:BlochsTech Bitcoin card hardware wallet.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Graphic printed on front of BlochsTech cards.]]<br />
<br />
The BlochsTech open Bitcoin card is an open protocol secure hardware Bitcoin wallet your grandmother could use.<br />
For shops it's faster to accept than slow QR code based wallets and more reliable as it works offline.<br />
<br />
Currently it's of course in a novelty phase like Casascius coins (of which thousands were sold),<br />
however in the long run it is fully capable of functionally replacing the VISA system in all nations.<br />
<br />
[http://www.BlochsTech.com www.BlochsTech.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BitLox Bitcoin Hardware Wallet ===<br />
[http://www.bitlox.com www.bitlox.com]<br />
<br />
[[file:Bitlox.jpg|300px|thumb|left|BitLox Bitcoin Hardware Wallet]]<br />
<br />
BitLox is a metal cased (aluminum or titanium) bitcoin hardware wallet that works with their own web based wallet and apps for iPhone and Android.<br />
At present it is the only bitcoin hardware wallet you can buy that works with iPhone. The device weighs one ounce and is the size of a credit card 4 mm thick.<br />
<br />
Bitlox allows you to set up hidden wallets. Unlike other hardware wallets your seed is never displayed on a connected computer or phone but only on the Bitlox. All your wallet, device and transaction PINs are only entered on the BitLox and never on any app. <br />
<br />
BitLox has also implemented several advanced security features not available on any other bitcoin hardware wallet. <br />
<br />
[http://www.bitlox.com www.bitlox.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
== Not purchasable hardware wallets ==<br />
<br />
=== BitcoinCard Megion Technologies-Card based wallet ===<br />
[[File:Bitcoincard-medley-large.jpg|400px|thumb|left|Bitcoin Card]]<br />
[http://www.bitcoincard.org/ Bitcoincard Home Page]<br />
<br />
[http://blog.bitinstant.com/blog/2012/6/19/our-discovery-in-vienna-the-bitcoin-card.html Excellent review by evoorhees]<br />
<br />
Incorporates a e-paper display, keypad, and radio (custom ISM band protocol.) Unfortunately it is fairly limited in terms of transaction I/O, requiring a radio gateway or another bitcoincard wherever funds need to be transferred.<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BitSafe - allten/someone42's hardware wallet ===<br />
[[File:Bitsafe-wallet-sizecompare.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Bitsafe wallet]]<br />
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=127587.0 BitSafe Hardware Wallet Development - BOM Ready - 50 kits being prepared]<br />
<br />
Signing transactions only, requires USB host software for transactions & USB power. Has a OLED display and Confirm/Cancel buttons. Evolved out of someone42's prototype below, and has significant contributions from someone42 as well.<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
=== someone42's original prototype ===<br />
[[File:Someone42-wallet-prototype.jpg|300px|thumb|left|someone42's original prototype]]<br />
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=78614.0 Hardware Bitcoin wallet - a minimal Bitcoin wallet for embedded devices]<br />
<br />
Signing transactions only, requires USB host software for transactions & USB power. All work is rolled into the above BitSafe wallet currently.<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
=== Other/Defunct but with good discussion: ===<br />
* natman3400's BitClip Jun 2011 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24852.0 https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24852.0]<br />
:Seems to have gone defunct around Dec 2011. Some good ideas though and seemed to have started on execution.<br />
* jim618 hardware wallet proposal Apr 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=77553.0 Dedicated bitcoin devices - dealing with untrusted networks]<br />
:Great discussion and good ideas from jim618. Also linked the following video:<br />
* Prof. Clemens Cap's hardware wallet? (video:)[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IavQ-Wc8S1U Clemens Cap about electronic bitcoin wallet at EuroBit]<br />
:Clemens Cap of Uni Rostock explains the Electronic Bitcoin wallet device he's working on. It's based on adafruit microtouch device.<br />
* ripper234's discussion based on Yubikeys Aug 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=99492 Having a YUBIKEY as one of the parties for m-of-n signatures]<br />
:The use of Yubikeys. They only support symmetric crypto, so you'd have to trust the host device.<br />
* kalleguld's hardware wallet proposal Oct 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=115294.0 Proposal: Hardware wallet (Win 3 BTC)]<br />
* Vaporware: Matthew N Wright's ellet [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=85931.0 ANN The world's first handheld Bitcoin device, the Ellet!] (Vaporware)<br />
<br />
== Smart Card based wallets ==<br />
This type of device requires complete trust in the host device, as there is no method for user input.<br />
See [[Smart card wallet]]<br />
<br />
== Related Resources ==<br />
* [https://bitcoinnewsmagazine.com/best-bitcoin-hardware-wallet-2015/ Best Bitcoin Hardware Wallet 2015] - reviews of all bitcoin hardware wallets.<br />
* [http://99bitcoins.com/trezor-vs-ledger-hands-hardware-wallets-review/ TREZOR vs. Ledger] - User reviews and Reddit feedback<br />
* slush's Hardware wallet wire protocol discussion: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=125383.0 Hardware wallet wire protocol]<br />
* kjj's Todo List discussion for client protocol requirements: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=19080.msg272348#msg272348 in topic Re: Split private keys]<br />
* paybitcoin's original post: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134277.0 Hardware Wallet Roundup]<br />
* [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=135090.0 This thread] about editing this very wiki entry.<br />
* [https://www.coldhardware.com/ ColdHardware.com] - information about using Bitcoin hardware wallets for cold storage.<br />
* Various Hardware Wallets and Reviews: [http://www.offlinewallets.com/hardware-wallets Offline Hardware Wallets]<br />
* [https://www.weusecoins.com/bitcoin-ledger-wallet-review/ Ledger Wallet Review]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Security]]<br />
[[Category:Wallets]]<br />
[[Category:Hardware]]</div>BitcoinNewsMagazinehttps://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Hardware_wallet&diff=60288Hardware wallet2016-02-03T17:36:28Z<p>BitcoinNewsMagazine: </p>
<hr />
<div>A '''hardware wallet''' is a device that stores a part of a user's [[wallet]] securely in mostly-offline hardware. They have major advantages over other wallet types:<br />
<br />
* the key is often stored in a protected area of a microcontroller, and cannot be transferred out of the device in plaintext<br />
* immune to computer viruses that steal from software wallets<br />
* can be used securely and interactively, as opposed to a [[paper wallet]] which must be imported to software at some point<br />
* much of the time, the software is open source, allowing a user to validate the entire operation of the device<br />
<br />
This page is an attempt to summarize all the known developments of hardware wallets that can use Bitcoin as part of their operation.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Purchasable hardware wallets (ordered chronologically) ==<br />
<br />
=== Pi Wallet - cold storage ===<br />
[[File:Piwallet.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|Pi-Wallet]]<br />
[http://www.pi-wallet.com/ Pi-Wallet Shop]<br />
<br />
[http://www.pi-wallet.com/pages/what-is-pi-wallet Further informations about Pi-Wallet]<br />
<br />
The Pi-Wallet is comparable to an offline Notebook. <br />
<br />
However it combines all features of the Armory bitcoin client (e.g. offline transaction signing) with the advantages of a tiny computer.<br />
<br />
To sign offline-transaction you will need an (unused) USB stick.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== [[TREZOR]] The Bitcoin Safe ===<br />
[http://bitcointrezor.com BitcoinTrezor.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:Trezor-tx.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Confirming the transaction with TREZOR]]<br />
<br />
[[TREZOR]] is a secure bitcoin storage and a transaction signing tool. The private keys are generated by the device and never leave it thus they cannot be accessed by a malware.<br />
<br />
It uses a deterministic wallet structure which means it can hold an unlimited number of keys (BIP32/BIP44). A recovery seed is generated when the device is initialized. In case TREZOR gets lost or stolen, all its contents can be recovered using this seed (private keys, bitcoin balance and transaction history) into a new device or another BIP39/BIP44 compatible wallet. <br />
<br />
TREZOR also introduced a unique way of PIN entering preventing keyloggers from recording it even when entered on a compromised computer. An encryption passphrase can be set on top of the PIN protection. More passphrases can be used for plausible deniability.<br />
<br />
[http://BuyTrezor.com E-shop BuyTrezor.com] | [http://doc.satoshilabs.com/ TREZOR Documentation]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BTChip HW.1 - USB Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
[https://www.hardwarewallet.com HW.1 Home Page]<br />
<br />
[[File:Btchip_dongle.jpg|220px|thumb|left|HW.1 inserted in a laptop]]<br />
<br />
HW.1 is an implementation of a deterministic (BIP 32) Hardware Wallet on a USB smartcard.<br />
<br />
It is typically used as a blind secure device for multi signature transactions - holding a set of derived private keys and signing transactions without requiring user confirmation.<br />
<br />
Power users can rely on it to confirm all transactions with a second factor scheme turning the dongle into a keyboard typing what the user is supposed to have signed, as a protection against malware.<br />
<br />
It is also possible to customize HW.1 for more specfic needs, such as creating a prepaid card without revealing the deterministic seed before it is received by the user, or securing bitcoin transactions on a server.<br />
<br />
[https://buy.hardwarewallet.com E-shop] | [https://btchip.github.io/btchip-doc/bitcoin-technical.html Technical Documentation]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== Ledger Nano - USB Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
<br />
[[File:ledger_wallet_photo.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Ledger Wallet USB]]<br />
<br />
Ledger Nano protects your Bitcoin data within a smartcard. Its micro-processor certified against all types of attacks (both physical and logical), and has been used in the banking industry for decades (think credit card chips). The device connects to your computer through the USB port and will do all the Bitcoin cryptographic heavy lifting such as signing transactions inside its secure environment. You can therefore use your Bitcoin account with maximum trust, even on an insecure or compromised computer.<br />
<br />
The second factor verification of the transaction signature can be done either with a paired smartphone (Android, iOS) or a physical security card.<br />
<br />
The Ledger Wallet Chrome application (available also on Chromium) provides an easy onboarding as well as a seamless user experience, and the Nano is compatible with numerous third party software: Electrum, Mycelium, GreenAddress, Greenbits, Coinkite and Copay.<br />
<br />
[https://www.ledgerwallet.com/products/1-ledger-nano Ledger Nano product page] | [https://github.com/LedgerHQ Source and specifications]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== Ledger Unplugged - NFC Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
<br />
[[File:ledger_unplugged_photo.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Ledger Unplugged NFC]]<br />
<br />
The Ledger Unplugged is a credit card sized NFC hardware wallet. It embeds an open source Java Card app and is compatible with all NFC enabled Android phones.<br />
<br />
The device can be used with Mycelium or Greenbits. In case of loss, you can restore it on any Ledger Wallet (Nano or another one) or all other compatible solutions (BIP 39).<br />
<br />
[https://www.ledgerwallet.com/products/6-ledger-unplugged Ledger Unplugged product page] | [https://github.com/LedgerHQ/ledger-javacard Source code]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== [[BWALLET]] TREZOR clone ===<br />
[http://mybwallet.com MyBWALLET.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:BWALLET_Trezor_Clone.jpeg|200px|thumb|left|Chinese clone of Trezor]]<br />
<br />
[[BWALLET]] is a clone of Trezor by a Chinese company.<br />
Trezor code is open source and this device operates like a Trezor.<br />
However, this product has been [https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/2tyier/bwallet_review_by_trezor_developer/ reviewed by Merek aka Slush(Trezor developer)] and he has found some problems which makes this device less than 100% compatible, for example it doesn't work with [http://mytrezor.com myTREZOR.com] website and it does not work with Trezor official firmware. <br />
<br />
[http://www.coincola.com/shops/54c1fc24963d3759182b2c7f?locale=en Buy BWALLET]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
<br />
=== CoolWallet: The Ultimate Bitcoin Safe ===<br />
[https://coolbitx.com coolbitx.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:CoolWallet in the box.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|CoolWallet showing Launch App, waiting for user to connect with smartphone via Bluetooth]]<br />
<br />
CoolWallet is a credit card sized Bluetooth device that stores and secures your bitcoins and private keys. It fits in your wallet and works wirelessly.<br />
<br />
Every Bitcoin transaction must be manually confirmed and approved through its e-paper display and button. <br />
<br />
CoolWallet only acknowledges the paired smartphone. Whoever stole the CoolWallet are not able to steal any bitcoins. Using recovery Seed can restore all your bitcoins in case you lost the device. <br />
<br />
[https://coolbitx.com coolbitx.com] | [https://github.com/CoolBitX-Technology/coolwallet-ios Source and specifications]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== KeepKey: Your Private Bitcoin Vault ===<br />
[https://www.keepkey.com www.keepkey.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:keepkey.jpg|300px|thumb|left|KeepKey showing a bitcoin transaction that needs to be manually approved.]]<br />
<br />
KeepKey is a USB device that stores and secures your bitcoins. When you entrust KeepKey with your money, each and every bitcoin transaction you make must be reviewed and approved via it's OLED display and confirmation button.<br />
<br />
KeepKey has a unique recovery feature utilizing a rotating cipher to restore private keys with a BIP39 recovery seed. This means it is not necessary to store your private keys on KeepKey: the recovery process is secure enough so that KeepKey can be used as a transaction device for paper wallets. <br />
<br />
However KeepKey is missing several features: it does not yet work with any Android or iPhone mobile bitcoin wallet and you cannot protect accounts with a passphrase. <br />
<br />
[https://www.keepkey.com www.keepkey.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BlochsTech card: Your user friendly Bitcoin wallet ===<br />
[http://www.BlochsTech.com www.BlochsTech.com]<br />
<br />
[[file:BlochsTech Bitcoin card hardware wallet.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Graphic printed on front of BlochsTech cards.]]<br />
<br />
The BlochsTech open Bitcoin card is an open protocol secure hardware Bitcoin wallet your grandmother could use.<br />
For shops it's faster to accept than slow QR code based wallets and more reliable as it works offline.<br />
<br />
Currently it's of course in a novelty phase like Casascius coins (of which thousands were sold),<br />
however in the long run it is fully capable of functionally replacing the VISA system in all nations.<br />
<br />
[http://www.BlochsTech.com www.BlochsTech.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BitLox Bitcoin Hardware Wallet ===<br />
[http://www.bitlox.com www.bitlox.com]<br />
<br />
[[file:Bitlox.jpg|300px|thumb|left|BitLox Bitcoin Hardware Wallet]]<br />
<br />
BitLox is a metal cased (aluminum or titanium) bitcoin hardware wallet that works with their own web based wallet and apps for iPhone and Android.<br />
At present it is the only bitcoin hardware wallet other than CoolWallet that works with iPhone. The device weighs one ounce and is the size of a credit card 4 mm thick.<br />
<br />
Bitlox allows you to set up hidden wallets. Unlike other hardware wallets your seed is never displayed on a connected computer or phone but only on the Bitlox. All your wallet, device and transaction PINs are only entered on the BitLox and never on any app. <br />
<br />
BitLox has also implemented several advanced security features not available on any other bitcoin hardware wallet. <br />
<br />
[http://www.bitlox.com www.bitlox.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
== Not purchasable hardware wallets ==<br />
<br />
=== BitcoinCard Megion Technologies-Card based wallet ===<br />
[[File:Bitcoincard-medley-large.jpg|400px|thumb|left|Bitcoin Card]]<br />
[http://www.bitcoincard.org/ Bitcoincard Home Page]<br />
<br />
[http://blog.bitinstant.com/blog/2012/6/19/our-discovery-in-vienna-the-bitcoin-card.html Excellent review by evoorhees]<br />
<br />
Incorporates a e-paper display, keypad, and radio (custom ISM band protocol.) Unfortunately it is fairly limited in terms of transaction I/O, requiring a radio gateway or another bitcoincard wherever funds need to be transferred.<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BitSafe - allten/someone42's hardware wallet ===<br />
[[File:Bitsafe-wallet-sizecompare.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Bitsafe wallet]]<br />
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=127587.0 BitSafe Hardware Wallet Development - BOM Ready - 50 kits being prepared]<br />
<br />
Signing transactions only, requires USB host software for transactions & USB power. Has a OLED display and Confirm/Cancel buttons. Evolved out of someone42's prototype below, and has significant contributions from someone42 as well.<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
=== someone42's original prototype ===<br />
[[File:Someone42-wallet-prototype.jpg|300px|thumb|left|someone42's original prototype]]<br />
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=78614.0 Hardware Bitcoin wallet - a minimal Bitcoin wallet for embedded devices]<br />
<br />
Signing transactions only, requires USB host software for transactions & USB power. All work is rolled into the above BitSafe wallet currently.<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
=== Other/Defunct but with good discussion: ===<br />
* natman3400's BitClip Jun 2011 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24852.0 https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24852.0]<br />
:Seems to have gone defunct around Dec 2011. Some good ideas though and seemed to have started on execution.<br />
* jim618 hardware wallet proposal Apr 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=77553.0 Dedicated bitcoin devices - dealing with untrusted networks]<br />
:Great discussion and good ideas from jim618. Also linked the following video:<br />
* Prof. Clemens Cap's hardware wallet? (video:)[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IavQ-Wc8S1U Clemens Cap about electronic bitcoin wallet at EuroBit]<br />
:Clemens Cap of Uni Rostock explains the Electronic Bitcoin wallet device he's working on. It's based on adafruit microtouch device.<br />
* ripper234's discussion based on Yubikeys Aug 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=99492 Having a YUBIKEY as one of the parties for m-of-n signatures]<br />
:The use of Yubikeys. They only support symmetric crypto, so you'd have to trust the host device.<br />
* kalleguld's hardware wallet proposal Oct 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=115294.0 Proposal: Hardware wallet (Win 3 BTC)]<br />
* Vaporware: Matthew N Wright's ellet [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=85931.0 ANN The world's first handheld Bitcoin device, the Ellet!] (Vaporware)<br />
<br />
== Smart Card based wallets ==<br />
This type of device requires complete trust in the host device, as there is no method for user input.<br />
See [[Smart card wallet]]<br />
<br />
== Related Resources ==<br />
* [https://bitcoinnewsmagazine.com/best-bitcoin-hardware-wallet-2015/ Best Bitcoin Hardware Wallet 2015] - reviews of all bitcoin hardware wallets.<br />
* [http://99bitcoins.com/trezor-vs-ledger-hands-hardware-wallets-review/ TREZOR vs. Ledger] - User reviews and Reddit feedback<br />
* slush's Hardware wallet wire protocol discussion: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=125383.0 Hardware wallet wire protocol]<br />
* kjj's Todo List discussion for client protocol requirements: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=19080.msg272348#msg272348 in topic Re: Split private keys]<br />
* paybitcoin's original post: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134277.0 Hardware Wallet Roundup]<br />
* [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=135090.0 This thread] about editing this very wiki entry.<br />
* [https://www.coldhardware.com/ ColdHardware.com] - information about using Bitcoin hardware wallets for cold storage.<br />
* Various Hardware Wallets and Reviews: [http://www.offlinewallets.com/hardware-wallets Offline Hardware Wallets]<br />
* [https://www.weusecoins.com/bitcoin-ledger-wallet-review/ Ledger Wallet Review]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Security]]<br />
[[Category:Wallets]]<br />
[[Category:Hardware]]</div>BitcoinNewsMagazinehttps://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Hardware_wallet&diff=60286Hardware wallet2016-02-03T17:17:59Z<p>BitcoinNewsMagazine: </p>
<hr />
<div>A '''hardware wallet''' is a device that stores a part of a user's [[wallet]] securely in mostly-offline hardware. They have major advantages over other wallet types:<br />
<br />
* the key is often stored in a protected area of a microcontroller, and cannot be transferred out of the device in plaintext<br />
* immune to computer viruses that steal from software wallets<br />
* can be used securely and interactively, as opposed to a [[paper wallet]] which must be imported to software at some point<br />
* much of the time, the software is open source, allowing a user to validate the entire operation of the device<br />
<br />
This page is an attempt to summarize all the known developments of hardware wallets that can use Bitcoin as part of their operation.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Purchasable hardware wallets (ordered chronologically) ==<br />
<br />
=== Pi Wallet - cold storage ===<br />
[[File:Piwallet.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|Pi-Wallet]]<br />
[http://www.pi-wallet.com/ Pi-Wallet Shop]<br />
<br />
[http://www.pi-wallet.com/pages/what-is-pi-wallet Further informations about Pi-Wallet]<br />
<br />
The Pi-Wallet is comparable to an offline Notebook. <br />
<br />
However it combines all features of the Armory bitcoin client (e.g. offline transaction signing) with the advantages of a tiny computer.<br />
<br />
To sign offline-transaction you will need an (unused) USB stick.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== [[TREZOR]] The Bitcoin Safe ===<br />
[http://bitcointrezor.com BitcoinTrezor.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:Trezor-tx.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Confirming the transaction with TREZOR]]<br />
<br />
[[TREZOR]] is a secure bitcoin storage and a transaction signing tool. The private keys are generated by the device and never leave it thus they cannot be accessed by a malware.<br />
<br />
It uses a deterministic wallet structure which means it can hold an unlimited number of keys (BIP32/BIP44). A recovery seed is generated when the device is initialized. In case TREZOR gets lost or stolen, all its contents can be recovered using this seed (private keys, bitcoin balance and transaction history) into a new device or another BIP39/BIP44 compatible wallet. <br />
<br />
TREZOR also introduced a unique way of PIN entering preventing keyloggers from recording it even when entered on a compromised computer. An encryption passphrase can be set on top of the PIN protection. More passphrases can be used for plausible deniability.<br />
<br />
[http://BuyTrezor.com E-shop BuyTrezor.com] | [http://doc.satoshilabs.com/ TREZOR Documentation]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BTChip HW.1 - USB Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
[https://www.hardwarewallet.com HW.1 Home Page]<br />
<br />
[[File:Btchip_dongle.jpg|220px|thumb|left|HW.1 inserted in a laptop]]<br />
<br />
HW.1 is an implementation of a deterministic (BIP 32) Hardware Wallet on a USB smartcard.<br />
<br />
It is typically used as a blind secure device for multi signature transactions - holding a set of derived private keys and signing transactions without requiring user confirmation.<br />
<br />
Power users can rely on it to confirm all transactions with a second factor scheme turning the dongle into a keyboard typing what the user is supposed to have signed, as a protection against malware.<br />
<br />
It is also possible to customize HW.1 for more specfic needs, such as creating a prepaid card without revealing the deterministic seed before it is received by the user, or securing bitcoin transactions on a server.<br />
<br />
[https://buy.hardwarewallet.com E-shop] | [https://btchip.github.io/btchip-doc/bitcoin-technical.html Technical Documentation]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== Ledger Nano - USB Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
<br />
[[File:ledger_wallet_photo.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Ledger Wallet USB]]<br />
<br />
Ledger Nano protects your Bitcoin data within a smartcard. Its micro-processor certified against all types of attacks (both physical and logical), and has been used in the banking industry for decades (think credit card chips). The device connects to your computer through the USB port and will do all the Bitcoin cryptographic heavy lifting such as signing transactions inside its secure environment. You can therefore use your Bitcoin account with maximum trust, even on an insecure or compromised computer.<br />
<br />
The second factor verification of the transaction signature can be done either with a paired smartphone (Android, iOS) or a physical security card.<br />
<br />
The Ledger Wallet Chrome application (available also on Chromium) provides an easy onboarding as well as a seamless user experience, and the Nano is compatible with numerous third party software: Electrum, Mycelium, GreenAddress, Greenbits, Coinkite and Copay.<br />
<br />
[https://www.ledgerwallet.com/products/1-ledger-nano Ledger Nano product page] | [https://github.com/LedgerHQ Source and specifications]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== Ledger Unplugged - NFC Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
<br />
[[File:ledger_unplugged_photo.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Ledger Unplugged NFC]]<br />
<br />
The Ledger Unplugged is a credit card sized NFC hardware wallet. It embeds an open source Java Card app and is compatible with all NFC enabled Android phones.<br />
<br />
The device can be used with Mycelium or Greenbits. In case of loss, you can restore it on any Ledger Wallet (Nano or another one) or all other compatible solutions (BIP 39).<br />
<br />
[https://www.ledgerwallet.com/products/6-ledger-unplugged Ledger Unplugged product page] | [https://github.com/LedgerHQ/ledger-javacard Source code]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== [[BWALLET]] TREZOR clone ===<br />
[http://mybwallet.com MyBWALLET.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:BWALLET_Trezor_Clone.jpeg|200px|thumb|left|Chinese clone of Trezor]]<br />
<br />
[[BWALLET]] is a clone of Trezor by a Chinese company.<br />
Trezor code is open source and this device operates like a Trezor.<br />
However, this product has been [https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/2tyier/bwallet_review_by_trezor_developer/ reviewed by Merek aka Slush(Trezor developer)] and he has found some problems which makes this device less than 100% compatible, for example it doesn't work with [http://mytrezor.com myTREZOR.com] website and it does not work with Trezor official firmware. <br />
<br />
[http://www.coincola.com/shops/54c1fc24963d3759182b2c7f?locale=en Buy BWALLET]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
<br />
=== CoolWallet: The Ultimate Bitcoin Safe ===<br />
[https://coolbitx.com coolbitx.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:CoolWallet in the box.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|CoolWallet showing Launch App, waiting for user to connect with smartphone via Bluetooth]]<br />
<br />
CoolWallet is a credit card sized Bluetooth device that stores and secures your bitcoins and private keys. It fits in your wallet and works wirelessly.<br />
<br />
Every Bitcoin transaction must be manually confirmed and approved through its e-paper display and button. <br />
<br />
CoolWallet only acknowledges the paired smartphone. Whoever stole the CoolWallet are not able to steal any bitcoins. Using recovery Seed can restore all your bitcoins in case you lost the device. <br />
<br />
[https://coolbitx.com coolbitx.com] | [https://github.com/CoolBitX-Technology/coolwallet-ios Source and specifications]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== KeepKey: Your Private Bitcoin Vault ===<br />
[https://www.keepkey.com www.keepkey.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:keepkey.jpg|300px|thumb|left|KeepKey showing a bitcoin transaction that needs to be manually approved.]]<br />
<br />
KeepKey is a USB device that stores and secures your bitcoins. When you entrust KeepKey with your money, each and every bitcoin transaction you make must be reviewed and approved via it's OLED display and confirmation button.<br />
<br />
KeepKey has a unique recovery feature utilizing a rotating cipher to restore private keys with a BIP39 recovery seed. This means it is not necessary to store your private keys on KeepKey: the recovery process is secure enough so that KeepKey can be used as a transaction device for paper wallets. <br />
<br />
However KeepKey is missing several features: it does not yet work with any Android or iPhone mobile bitcoin wallet and you cannot protect accounts with a passphrase. <br />
<br />
[https://www.keepkey.com www.keepkey.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BlochsTech card: Your user friendly Bitcoin wallet ===<br />
[http://www.BlochsTech.com www.BlochsTech.com]<br />
<br />
[[file:BlochsTech Bitcoin card hardware wallet.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Graphic printed on front of BlochsTech cards.]]<br />
<br />
The BlochsTech open Bitcoin card is an open protocol secure hardware Bitcoin wallet your grandmother could use.<br />
For shops it's faster to accept than slow QR code based wallets and more reliable as it works offline.<br />
<br />
Currently it's of course in a novelty phase like Casascius coins (of which thousands were sold),<br />
however in the long run it is fully capable of functionally replacing the VISA system in all nations.<br />
<br />
[http://www.BlochsTech.com www.BlochsTech.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BitLox Bitcoin Hardware Wallet ===<br />
[http://www.bitlox.com www.bitlox.com]<br />
<br />
[[file:Bitlox.jpg|300px|thumb|left|BitLox Bitcoin Hardware Wallet]]<br />
<br />
BitLox is a metal cased (aluminum or titanium) bitcoin hardware wallet that works with their own web based wallet and apps for iPhone and Android.<br />
At present it is the only bitcoin hardware wallet that works with iPhone. The device weighs one ounce and is the size of a credit card 4 mm thick.<br />
<br />
Bitlox allows you to set up hidden wallets. Unlike other hardware wallets your seed is never displayed on a connected computer or phone but only on the Bitlox. All your wallet, device and transaction PINs are only entered on the BitLox and never on any app. <br />
<br />
BitLox has also implemented several advanced security features not available on any other bitcoin hardware wallet. <br />
<br />
[http://www.bitlox.com www.bitlox.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
== Not purchasable hardware wallets ==<br />
<br />
=== BitcoinCard Megion Technologies-Card based wallet ===<br />
[[File:Bitcoincard-medley-large.jpg|400px|thumb|left|Bitcoin Card]]<br />
[http://www.bitcoincard.org/ Bitcoincard Home Page]<br />
<br />
[http://blog.bitinstant.com/blog/2012/6/19/our-discovery-in-vienna-the-bitcoin-card.html Excellent review by evoorhees]<br />
<br />
Incorporates a e-paper display, keypad, and radio (custom ISM band protocol.) Unfortunately it is fairly limited in terms of transaction I/O, requiring a radio gateway or another bitcoincard wherever funds need to be transferred.<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BitSafe - allten/someone42's hardware wallet ===<br />
[[File:Bitsafe-wallet-sizecompare.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Bitsafe wallet]]<br />
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=127587.0 BitSafe Hardware Wallet Development - BOM Ready - 50 kits being prepared]<br />
<br />
Signing transactions only, requires USB host software for transactions & USB power. Has a OLED display and Confirm/Cancel buttons. Evolved out of someone42's prototype below, and has significant contributions from someone42 as well.<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
=== someone42's original prototype ===<br />
[[File:Someone42-wallet-prototype.jpg|300px|thumb|left|someone42's original prototype]]<br />
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=78614.0 Hardware Bitcoin wallet - a minimal Bitcoin wallet for embedded devices]<br />
<br />
Signing transactions only, requires USB host software for transactions & USB power. All work is rolled into the above BitSafe wallet currently.<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
=== Other/Defunct but with good discussion: ===<br />
* natman3400's BitClip Jun 2011 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24852.0 https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24852.0]<br />
:Seems to have gone defunct around Dec 2011. Some good ideas though and seemed to have started on execution.<br />
* jim618 hardware wallet proposal Apr 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=77553.0 Dedicated bitcoin devices - dealing with untrusted networks]<br />
:Great discussion and good ideas from jim618. Also linked the following video:<br />
* Prof. Clemens Cap's hardware wallet? (video:)[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IavQ-Wc8S1U Clemens Cap about electronic bitcoin wallet at EuroBit]<br />
:Clemens Cap of Uni Rostock explains the Electronic Bitcoin wallet device he's working on. It's based on adafruit microtouch device.<br />
* ripper234's discussion based on Yubikeys Aug 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=99492 Having a YUBIKEY as one of the parties for m-of-n signatures]<br />
:The use of Yubikeys. They only support symmetric crypto, so you'd have to trust the host device.<br />
* kalleguld's hardware wallet proposal Oct 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=115294.0 Proposal: Hardware wallet (Win 3 BTC)]<br />
* Vaporware: Matthew N Wright's ellet [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=85931.0 ANN The world's first handheld Bitcoin device, the Ellet!] (Vaporware)<br />
<br />
== Smart Card based wallets ==<br />
This type of device requires complete trust in the host device, as there is no method for user input.<br />
See [[Smart card wallet]]<br />
<br />
== Related Resources ==<br />
* [https://bitcoinnewsmagazine.com/best-bitcoin-hardware-wallet-2015/ Best Bitcoin Hardware Wallet 2015] - reviews of all bitcoin hardware wallets.<br />
* [http://99bitcoins.com/trezor-vs-ledger-hands-hardware-wallets-review/ TREZOR vs. Ledger] - User reviews and Reddit feedback<br />
* slush's Hardware wallet wire protocol discussion: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=125383.0 Hardware wallet wire protocol]<br />
* kjj's Todo List discussion for client protocol requirements: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=19080.msg272348#msg272348 in topic Re: Split private keys]<br />
* paybitcoin's original post: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134277.0 Hardware Wallet Roundup]<br />
* [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=135090.0 This thread] about editing this very wiki entry.<br />
* [https://www.coldhardware.com/ ColdHardware.com] - information about using Bitcoin hardware wallets for cold storage.<br />
* Various Hardware Wallets and Reviews: [http://www.offlinewallets.com/hardware-wallets Offline Hardware Wallets]<br />
* [https://www.weusecoins.com/bitcoin-ledger-wallet-review/ Ledger Wallet Review]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Security]]<br />
[[Category:Wallets]]<br />
[[Category:Hardware]]</div>BitcoinNewsMagazinehttps://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=File:Bitlox.jpg&diff=60285File:Bitlox.jpg2016-02-03T17:04:27Z<p>BitcoinNewsMagazine: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Licensing ==<br />
{{Copyrighted free use}}</div>BitcoinNewsMagazinehttps://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Hardware_wallet&diff=60284Hardware wallet2016-02-03T16:55:40Z<p>BitcoinNewsMagazine: </p>
<hr />
<div>A '''hardware wallet''' is a device that stores a part of a user's [[wallet]] securely in mostly-offline hardware. They have major advantages over other wallet types:<br />
<br />
* the key is often stored in a protected area of a microcontroller, and cannot be transferred out of the device in plaintext<br />
* immune to computer viruses that steal from software wallets<br />
* can be used securely and interactively, as opposed to a [[paper wallet]] which must be imported to software at some point<br />
* much of the time, the software is open source, allowing a user to validate the entire operation of the device<br />
<br />
This page is an attempt to summarize all the known developments of hardware wallets that can use Bitcoin as part of their operation.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Purchasable hardware wallets (ordered chronologically) ==<br />
<br />
=== Pi Wallet - cold storage ===<br />
[[File:Piwallet.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|Pi-Wallet]]<br />
[http://www.pi-wallet.com/ Pi-Wallet Shop]<br />
<br />
[http://www.pi-wallet.com/pages/what-is-pi-wallet Further informations about Pi-Wallet]<br />
<br />
The Pi-Wallet is comparable to an offline Notebook. <br />
<br />
However it combines all features of the Armory bitcoin client (e.g. offline transaction signing) with the advantages of a tiny computer.<br />
<br />
To sign offline-transaction you will need an (unused) USB stick.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== [[TREZOR]] The Bitcoin Safe ===<br />
[http://bitcointrezor.com BitcoinTrezor.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:Trezor-tx.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Confirming the transaction with TREZOR]]<br />
<br />
[[TREZOR]] is a secure bitcoin storage and a transaction signing tool. The private keys are generated by the device and never leave it thus they cannot be accessed by a malware.<br />
<br />
It uses a deterministic wallet structure which means it can hold an unlimited number of keys (BIP32/BIP44). A recovery seed is generated when the device is initialized. In case TREZOR gets lost or stolen, all its contents can be recovered using this seed (private keys, bitcoin balance and transaction history) into a new device or another BIP39/BIP44 compatible wallet. <br />
<br />
TREZOR also introduced a unique way of PIN entering preventing keyloggers from recording it even when entered on a compromised computer. An encryption passphrase can be set on top of the PIN protection. More passphrases can be used for plausible deniability.<br />
<br />
[http://BuyTrezor.com E-shop BuyTrezor.com] | [http://doc.satoshilabs.com/ TREZOR Documentation]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BTChip HW.1 - USB Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
[https://www.hardwarewallet.com HW.1 Home Page]<br />
<br />
[[File:Btchip_dongle.jpg|220px|thumb|left|HW.1 inserted in a laptop]]<br />
<br />
HW.1 is an implementation of a deterministic (BIP 32) Hardware Wallet on a USB smartcard.<br />
<br />
It is typically used as a blind secure device for multi signature transactions - holding a set of derived private keys and signing transactions without requiring user confirmation.<br />
<br />
Power users can rely on it to confirm all transactions with a second factor scheme turning the dongle into a keyboard typing what the user is supposed to have signed, as a protection against malware.<br />
<br />
It is also possible to customize HW.1 for more specfic needs, such as creating a prepaid card without revealing the deterministic seed before it is received by the user, or securing bitcoin transactions on a server.<br />
<br />
[https://buy.hardwarewallet.com E-shop] | [https://btchip.github.io/btchip-doc/bitcoin-technical.html Technical Documentation]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== Ledger Nano - USB Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
<br />
[[File:ledger_wallet_photo.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Ledger Wallet USB]]<br />
<br />
Ledger Nano protects your Bitcoin data within a smartcard. Its micro-processor certified against all types of attacks (both physical and logical), and has been used in the banking industry for decades (think credit card chips). The device connects to your computer through the USB port and will do all the Bitcoin cryptographic heavy lifting such as signing transactions inside its secure environment. You can therefore use your Bitcoin account with maximum trust, even on an insecure or compromised computer.<br />
<br />
The second factor verification of the transaction signature can be done either with a paired smartphone (Android, iOS) or a physical security card.<br />
<br />
The Ledger Wallet Chrome application (available also on Chromium) provides an easy onboarding as well as a seamless user experience, and the Nano is compatible with numerous third party software: Electrum, Mycelium, GreenAddress, Greenbits, Coinkite and Copay.<br />
<br />
[https://www.ledgerwallet.com/products/1-ledger-nano Ledger Nano product page] | [https://github.com/LedgerHQ Source and specifications]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== Ledger Unplugged - NFC Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
<br />
[[File:ledger_unplugged_photo.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Ledger Unplugged NFC]]<br />
<br />
The Ledger Unplugged is a credit card sized NFC hardware wallet. It embeds an open source Java Card app and is compatible with all NFC enabled Android phones.<br />
<br />
The device can be used with Mycelium or Greenbits. In case of loss, you can restore it on any Ledger Wallet (Nano or another one) or all other compatible solutions (BIP 39).<br />
<br />
[https://www.ledgerwallet.com/products/6-ledger-unplugged Ledger Unplugged product page] | [https://github.com/LedgerHQ/ledger-javacard Source code]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== [[BWALLET]] TREZOR clone ===<br />
[http://mybwallet.com MyBWALLET.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:BWALLET_Trezor_Clone.jpeg|200px|thumb|left|Chinese clone of Trezor]]<br />
<br />
[[BWALLET]] is a clone of Trezor by a Chinese company.<br />
Trezor code is open source and this device operates like a Trezor.<br />
However, this product has been [https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/2tyier/bwallet_review_by_trezor_developer/ reviewed by Merek aka Slush(Trezor developer)] and he has found some problems which makes this device less than 100% compatible, for example it doesn't work with [http://mytrezor.com myTREZOR.com] website and it does not work with Trezor official firmware. <br />
<br />
[http://www.coincola.com/shops/54c1fc24963d3759182b2c7f?locale=en Buy BWALLET]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
<br />
=== CoolWallet: The Ultimate Bitcoin Safe ===<br />
[https://coolbitx.com coolbitx.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:CoolWallet in the box.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|CoolWallet showing Launch App, waiting for user to connect with smartphone via Bluetooth]]<br />
<br />
CoolWallet is a credit card sized Bluetooth device that stores and secures your bitcoins and private keys. It fits in your wallet and works wirelessly.<br />
<br />
Every Bitcoin transaction must be manually confirmed and approved through its e-paper display and button. <br />
<br />
CoolWallet only acknowledges the paired smartphone. Whoever stole the CoolWallet are not able to steal any bitcoins. Using recovery Seed can restore all your bitcoins in case you lost the device. <br />
<br />
[https://coolbitx.com coolbitx.com] | [https://github.com/CoolBitX-Technology/coolwallet-ios Source and specifications]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== KeepKey: Your Private Bitcoin Vault ===<br />
[https://www.keepkey.com www.keepkey.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:keepkey.jpg|300px|thumb|left|KeepKey showing a bitcoin transaction that needs to be manually approved.]]<br />
<br />
KeepKey is a USB device that stores and secures your bitcoins. When you entrust KeepKey with your money, each and every bitcoin transaction you make must be reviewed and approved via it's OLED display and confirmation button.<br />
<br />
KeepKey has a unique recovery feature utilizing a rotating cipher to restore private keys with a BIP39 recovery seed. This means it is not necessary to store your private keys on KeepKey: the recovery process is secure enough so that KeepKey can be used as a transaction device for paper wallets. <br />
<br />
However KeepKey is missing several features: it does not yet work with any Android or iPhone mobile bitcoin wallet and you cannot protect accounts with a passphrase. <br />
<br />
[https://www.keepkey.com www.keepkey.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BlochsTech card: Your user friendly Bitcoin wallet ===<br />
[http://www.BlochsTech.com www.BlochsTech.com]<br />
<br />
[[file:BlochsTech Bitcoin card hardware wallet.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Graphic printed on front of BlochsTech cards.]]<br />
<br />
The BlochsTech open Bitcoin card is an open protocol secure hardware Bitcoin wallet your grandmother could use.<br />
For shops it's faster to accept than slow QR code based wallets and more reliable as it works offline.<br />
<br />
Currently it's of course in a novelty phase like Casascius coins (of which thousands were sold),<br />
however in the long run it is fully capable of functionally replacing the VISA system in all nations.<br />
<br />
[http://www.BlochsTech.com www.BlochsTech.com]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
== Not purchasable hardware wallets ==<br />
<br />
=== BitcoinCard Megion Technologies-Card based wallet ===<br />
[[File:Bitcoincard-medley-large.jpg|400px|thumb|left|Bitcoin Card]]<br />
[http://www.bitcoincard.org/ Bitcoincard Home Page]<br />
<br />
[http://blog.bitinstant.com/blog/2012/6/19/our-discovery-in-vienna-the-bitcoin-card.html Excellent review by evoorhees]<br />
<br />
Incorporates a e-paper display, keypad, and radio (custom ISM band protocol.) Unfortunately it is fairly limited in terms of transaction I/O, requiring a radio gateway or another bitcoincard wherever funds need to be transferred.<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BitSafe - allten/someone42's hardware wallet ===<br />
[[File:Bitsafe-wallet-sizecompare.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Bitsafe wallet]]<br />
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=127587.0 BitSafe Hardware Wallet Development - BOM Ready - 50 kits being prepared]<br />
<br />
Signing transactions only, requires USB host software for transactions & USB power. Has a OLED display and Confirm/Cancel buttons. Evolved out of someone42's prototype below, and has significant contributions from someone42 as well.<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
=== someone42's original prototype ===<br />
[[File:Someone42-wallet-prototype.jpg|300px|thumb|left|someone42's original prototype]]<br />
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=78614.0 Hardware Bitcoin wallet - a minimal Bitcoin wallet for embedded devices]<br />
<br />
Signing transactions only, requires USB host software for transactions & USB power. All work is rolled into the above BitSafe wallet currently.<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
=== Other/Defunct but with good discussion: ===<br />
* natman3400's BitClip Jun 2011 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24852.0 https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24852.0]<br />
:Seems to have gone defunct around Dec 2011. Some good ideas though and seemed to have started on execution.<br />
* jim618 hardware wallet proposal Apr 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=77553.0 Dedicated bitcoin devices - dealing with untrusted networks]<br />
:Great discussion and good ideas from jim618. Also linked the following video:<br />
* Prof. Clemens Cap's hardware wallet? (video:)[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IavQ-Wc8S1U Clemens Cap about electronic bitcoin wallet at EuroBit]<br />
:Clemens Cap of Uni Rostock explains the Electronic Bitcoin wallet device he's working on. It's based on adafruit microtouch device.<br />
* ripper234's discussion based on Yubikeys Aug 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=99492 Having a YUBIKEY as one of the parties for m-of-n signatures]<br />
:The use of Yubikeys. They only support symmetric crypto, so you'd have to trust the host device.<br />
* kalleguld's hardware wallet proposal Oct 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=115294.0 Proposal: Hardware wallet (Win 3 BTC)]<br />
* Vaporware: Matthew N Wright's ellet [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=85931.0 ANN The world's first handheld Bitcoin device, the Ellet!] (Vaporware)<br />
<br />
== Smart Card based wallets ==<br />
This type of device requires complete trust in the host device, as there is no method for user input.<br />
See [[Smart card wallet]]<br />
<br />
== Related Resources ==<br />
* [https://bitcoinnewsmagazine.com/best-bitcoin-hardware-wallet-2015/ Best Bitcoin Hardware Wallet 2015] - reviews of all bitcoin hardware wallets.<br />
* [http://99bitcoins.com/trezor-vs-ledger-hands-hardware-wallets-review/ TREZOR vs. Ledger] - User reviews and Reddit feedback<br />
* slush's Hardware wallet wire protocol discussion: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=125383.0 Hardware wallet wire protocol]<br />
* kjj's Todo List discussion for client protocol requirements: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=19080.msg272348#msg272348 in topic Re: Split private keys]<br />
* paybitcoin's original post: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134277.0 Hardware Wallet Roundup]<br />
* [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=135090.0 This thread] about editing this very wiki entry.<br />
* [https://www.coldhardware.com/ ColdHardware.com] - information about using Bitcoin hardware wallets for cold storage.<br />
* Various Hardware Wallets and Reviews: [http://www.offlinewallets.com/hardware-wallets Offline Hardware Wallets]<br />
* [https://www.weusecoins.com/bitcoin-ledger-wallet-review/ Ledger Wallet Review]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Security]]<br />
[[Category:Wallets]]<br />
[[Category:Hardware]]</div>BitcoinNewsMagazinehttps://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Hardware_wallet&diff=60283Hardware wallet2016-02-03T16:27:07Z<p>BitcoinNewsMagazine: </p>
<hr />
<div>A '''hardware wallet''' is a device that stores a part of a user's [[wallet]] securely in mostly-offline hardware. They have major advantages over other wallet types:<br />
<br />
* the key is often stored in a protected area of a microcontroller, and cannot be transferred out of the device in plaintext<br />
* immune to computer viruses that steal from software wallets<br />
* can be used securely and interactively, as opposed to a [[paper wallet]] which must be imported to software at some point<br />
* much of the time, the software is open source, allowing a user to validate the entire operation of the device<br />
<br />
This page is an attempt to summarize all the known developments of hardware wallets that can use Bitcoin as part of their operation.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Purchasable hardware wallets (ordered chronologically) ==<br />
<br />
=== Pi Wallet - cold storage ===<br />
[[File:Piwallet.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|Pi-Wallet]]<br />
[http://www.pi-wallet.com/ Pi-Wallet Shop]<br />
<br />
[http://www.pi-wallet.com/pages/what-is-pi-wallet Further informations about Pi-Wallet]<br />
<br />
The Pi-Wallet is comparable to an offline Notebook. <br />
<br />
However it combines all features of the Armory bitcoin client (e.g. offline transaction signing) with the advantages of a tiny computer.<br />
<br />
To sign offline-transaction you will need an (unused) USB stick.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== [[TREZOR]] The Bitcoin Safe ===<br />
[http://bitcointrezor.com BitcoinTrezor.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:Trezor-tx.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Confirming the transaction with TREZOR]]<br />
<br />
[[TREZOR]] is a secure bitcoin storage and a transaction signing tool. The private keys are generated by the device and never leave it thus they cannot be accessed by a malware.<br />
<br />
It uses a deterministic wallet structure which means it can hold an unlimited number of keys (BIP32/BIP44). A recovery seed is generated when the device is initialized. In case TREZOR gets lost or stolen, all its contents can be recovered using this seed (private keys, bitcoin balance and transaction history) into a new device or another BIP39/BIP44 compatible wallet. <br />
<br />
TREZOR also introduced a unique way of PIN entering preventing keyloggers from recording it even when entered on a compromised computer. An encryption passphrase can be set on top of the PIN protection. More passphrases can be used for plausible deniability.<br />
<br />
[http://BuyTrezor.com E-shop BuyTrezor.com] | [http://doc.satoshilabs.com/ TREZOR Documentation]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BTChip HW.1 - USB Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
[https://www.hardwarewallet.com HW.1 Home Page]<br />
<br />
[[File:Btchip_dongle.jpg|220px|thumb|left|HW.1 inserted in a laptop]]<br />
<br />
HW.1 is an implementation of a deterministic (BIP 32) Hardware Wallet on a USB smartcard.<br />
<br />
It is typically used as a blind secure device for multi signature transactions - holding a set of derived private keys and signing transactions without requiring user confirmation.<br />
<br />
Power users can rely on it to confirm all transactions with a second factor scheme turning the dongle into a keyboard typing what the user is supposed to have signed, as a protection against malware.<br />
<br />
It is also possible to customize HW.1 for more specfic needs, such as creating a prepaid card without revealing the deterministic seed before it is received by the user, or securing bitcoin transactions on a server.<br />
<br />
[https://buy.hardwarewallet.com E-shop] | [https://btchip.github.io/btchip-doc/bitcoin-technical.html Technical Documentation]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== Ledger Nano - USB Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
<br />
[[File:ledger_wallet_photo.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Ledger Wallet USB]]<br />
<br />
Ledger Nano protects your Bitcoin data within a smartcard. Its micro-processor certified against all types of attacks (both physical and logical), and has been used in the banking industry for decades (think credit card chips). The device connects to your computer through the USB port and will do all the Bitcoin cryptographic heavy lifting such as signing transactions inside its secure environment. You can therefore use your Bitcoin account with maximum trust, even on an insecure or compromised computer.<br />
<br />
The second factor verification of the transaction signature can be done either with a paired smartphone (Android, iOS) or a physical security card.<br />
<br />
The Ledger Wallet Chrome application (available also on Chromium) provides an easy onboarding as well as a seamless user experience, and the Nano is compatible with numerous third party software: Electrum, Mycelium, GreenAddress, Greenbits, Coinkite and Copay.<br />
<br />
[https://www.ledgerwallet.com/products/1-ledger-nano Ledger Nano product page] | [https://github.com/LedgerHQ Source and specifications]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== Ledger Unplugged - NFC Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
<br />
[[File:ledger_unplugged_photo.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Ledger Unplugged NFC]]<br />
<br />
The Ledger Unplugged is a credit card sized NFC hardware wallet. It embeds an open source Java Card app and is compatible with all NFC enabled Android phones.<br />
<br />
The device can be used with Mycelium or Greenbits. In case of loss, you can restore it on any Ledger Wallet (Nano or another one) or all other compatible solutions (BIP 39).<br />
<br />
[https://www.ledgerwallet.com/products/6-ledger-unplugged Ledger Unplugged product page] | [https://github.com/LedgerHQ/ledger-javacard Source code]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== [[BWALLET]] TREZOR clone ===<br />
[http://mybwallet.com MyBWALLET.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:BWALLET_Trezor_Clone.jpeg|200px|thumb|left|Chinese clone of Trezor]]<br />
<br />
[[BWALLET]] is a clone of Trezor by a Chinese company.<br />
Trezor code is open source and this device operates like a Trezor.<br />
However, this product has been [https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/2tyier/bwallet_review_by_trezor_developer/ reviewed by Merek aka Slush(Trezor developer)] and he has found some problems which makes this device less than 100% compatible, for example it doesn't work with [http://mytrezor.com myTREZOR.com] website and it does not work with Trezor official firmware. <br />
<br />
[http://www.coincola.com/shops/54c1fc24963d3759182b2c7f?locale=en Buy BWALLET]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
<br />
=== CoolWallet: The Ultimate Bitcoin Safe ===<br />
[https://coolbitx.com coolbitx.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:CoolWallet in the box.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|CoolWallet showing Launch App, waiting for user to connect with smartphone via Bluetooth]]<br />
<br />
CoolWallet is a credit card sized Bluetooth device that stores and secures your bitcoins and private keys. It fits in your wallet and works wirelessly.<br />
<br />
Every Bitcoin transaction must be manually confirmed and approved through its e-paper display and button. <br />
<br />
CoolWallet only acknowledges the paired smartphone. Whoever stole the CoolWallet are not able to steal any bitcoins. Using recovery Seed can restore all your bitcoins in case you lost the device. <br />
<br />
[https://coolbitx.com coolbitx.com] | [https://github.com/CoolBitX-Technology/coolwallet-ios Source and specifications]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== KeepKey: Your Private Bitcoin Vault ===<br />
[https://www.keepkey.com www.keepkey.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:keepkey.jpg|300px|thumb|left|KeepKey showing a bitcoin transaction that needs to be manually approved.]]<br />
<br />
KeepKey is a USB device that stores and secures your bitcoins. When you entrust KeepKey with your money, each and every bitcoin transaction you make must be reviewed and approved via it's OLED display and confirmation button.<br />
<br />
KeepKey has a unique recovery feature utilizing a rotating cipher to restore private keys with a BIP39 recovery seed. This means it is not necessary to store your private keys on KeepKey: the recovery process is secure enough so that KeepKey can be used as a transaction device for paper wallets. However KeepKey is missing several features: it does not work with any Android or iPhone bitcoin wallet and you cannot protect accounts with a passphrase. <br />
<br />
[https://www.keepkey.com www.keepkey.com]<br />
<br />
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<br />
=== BlochsTech card: Your user friendly Bitcoin wallet ===<br />
[http://www.BlochsTech.com www.BlochsTech.com]<br />
<br />
[[file:BlochsTech Bitcoin card hardware wallet.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Graphic printed on front of BlochsTech cards.]]<br />
<br />
The BlochsTech open Bitcoin card is an open protocol secure hardware Bitcoin wallet your grandmother could use.<br />
For shops it's faster to accept than slow QR code based wallets and more reliable as it works offline.<br />
<br />
Currently it's of course in a novelty phase like Casascius coins (of which thousands were sold),<br />
however in the long run it is fully capable of functionally replacing the VISA system in all nations.<br />
<br />
[http://www.BlochsTech.com www.BlochsTech.com]<br />
<br />
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<br />
== Not purchasable hardware wallets ==<br />
<br />
=== BitcoinCard Megion Technologies-Card based wallet ===<br />
[[File:Bitcoincard-medley-large.jpg|400px|thumb|left|Bitcoin Card]]<br />
[http://www.bitcoincard.org/ Bitcoincard Home Page]<br />
<br />
[http://blog.bitinstant.com/blog/2012/6/19/our-discovery-in-vienna-the-bitcoin-card.html Excellent review by evoorhees]<br />
<br />
Incorporates a e-paper display, keypad, and radio (custom ISM band protocol.) Unfortunately it is fairly limited in terms of transaction I/O, requiring a radio gateway or another bitcoincard wherever funds need to be transferred.<br />
<br />
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<br />
=== BitSafe - allten/someone42's hardware wallet ===<br />
[[File:Bitsafe-wallet-sizecompare.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Bitsafe wallet]]<br />
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=127587.0 BitSafe Hardware Wallet Development - BOM Ready - 50 kits being prepared]<br />
<br />
Signing transactions only, requires USB host software for transactions & USB power. Has a OLED display and Confirm/Cancel buttons. Evolved out of someone42's prototype below, and has significant contributions from someone42 as well.<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
=== someone42's original prototype ===<br />
[[File:Someone42-wallet-prototype.jpg|300px|thumb|left|someone42's original prototype]]<br />
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=78614.0 Hardware Bitcoin wallet - a minimal Bitcoin wallet for embedded devices]<br />
<br />
Signing transactions only, requires USB host software for transactions & USB power. All work is rolled into the above BitSafe wallet currently.<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
=== Other/Defunct but with good discussion: ===<br />
* natman3400's BitClip Jun 2011 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24852.0 https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24852.0]<br />
:Seems to have gone defunct around Dec 2011. Some good ideas though and seemed to have started on execution.<br />
* jim618 hardware wallet proposal Apr 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=77553.0 Dedicated bitcoin devices - dealing with untrusted networks]<br />
:Great discussion and good ideas from jim618. Also linked the following video:<br />
* Prof. Clemens Cap's hardware wallet? (video:)[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IavQ-Wc8S1U Clemens Cap about electronic bitcoin wallet at EuroBit]<br />
:Clemens Cap of Uni Rostock explains the Electronic Bitcoin wallet device he's working on. It's based on adafruit microtouch device.<br />
* ripper234's discussion based on Yubikeys Aug 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=99492 Having a YUBIKEY as one of the parties for m-of-n signatures]<br />
:The use of Yubikeys. They only support symmetric crypto, so you'd have to trust the host device.<br />
* kalleguld's hardware wallet proposal Oct 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=115294.0 Proposal: Hardware wallet (Win 3 BTC)]<br />
* Vaporware: Matthew N Wright's ellet [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=85931.0 ANN The world's first handheld Bitcoin device, the Ellet!] (Vaporware)<br />
<br />
== Smart Card based wallets ==<br />
This type of device requires complete trust in the host device, as there is no method for user input.<br />
See [[Smart card wallet]]<br />
<br />
== Related Resources ==<br />
* [https://bitcoinnewsmagazine.com/best-bitcoin-hardware-wallet-2015/ Best Bitcoin Hardware Wallet 2015] - reviews of all bitcoin hardware wallets.<br />
* [http://99bitcoins.com/trezor-vs-ledger-hands-hardware-wallets-review/ TREZOR vs. Ledger] - User reviews and Reddit feedback<br />
* slush's Hardware wallet wire protocol discussion: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=125383.0 Hardware wallet wire protocol]<br />
* kjj's Todo List discussion for client protocol requirements: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=19080.msg272348#msg272348 in topic Re: Split private keys]<br />
* paybitcoin's original post: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134277.0 Hardware Wallet Roundup]<br />
* [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=135090.0 This thread] about editing this very wiki entry.<br />
* [https://www.coldhardware.com/ ColdHardware.com] - information about using Bitcoin hardware wallets for cold storage.<br />
* Various Hardware Wallets and Reviews: [http://www.offlinewallets.com/hardware-wallets Offline Hardware Wallets]<br />
* [https://www.weusecoins.com/bitcoin-ledger-wallet-review/ Ledger Wallet Review]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Security]]<br />
[[Category:Wallets]]<br />
[[Category:Hardware]]</div>BitcoinNewsMagazinehttps://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Hardware_wallet&diff=58292Hardware wallet2015-08-15T16:32:58Z<p>BitcoinNewsMagazine: </p>
<hr />
<div>A '''hardware wallet''' is a device that stores a part of a user's [[wallet]] securely in mostly-offline hardware. They have major advantages over other wallet types:<br />
<br />
* the key is often stored in a protected area of a microcontroller, and cannot be transferred out of the device in plaintext<br />
* immune to computer viruses that steal from software wallets<br />
* can be used securely and interactively, as opposed to a [[paper wallet]] which must be imported to software at some point<br />
* much of the time, the software is open source, allowing a user to validate the entire operation of the device<br />
<br />
This page is an attempt to summarize all the known developments of hardware wallets that can use Bitcoin as part of their operation.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Purchasable hardware wallets (ordered chronologically) ==<br />
<br />
=== Pi Wallet - cold storage ===<br />
[[File:Piwallet.jpeg|300px|thumb|left|Pi-Wallet]]<br />
[http://www.pi-wallet.com/ Pi-Wallet Shop]<br />
<br />
[http://www.pi-wallet.com/pages/what-is-pi-wallet Further informations about Pi-Wallet]<br />
<br />
The Pi-Wallet is comparable to an offline Notebook. <br />
<br />
However it combines all features of the Armory bitcoin client (e.g. offline transaction signing) with the advantages of a tiny computer.<br />
<br />
To sign offline-transaction you will need an (unused) USB stick.<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
=== [[TREZOR]] The Bitcoin Safe ===<br />
[http://bitcointrezor.com BitcoinTrezor.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:Trezor-tx.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Confirming the transaction with TREZOR]]<br />
<br />
[[TREZOR]] is a secure bitcoin storage and a transaction signing tool. The private keys are generated by the device and never leave it thus they cannot be accessed by a malware.<br />
<br />
It uses a deterministic wallet structure which means it can hold an unlimited number of keys (BIP32/BIP44). A recovery seed is generated when the device is initialized. In case TREZOR gets lost or stolen, all its contents can be recovered using this seed (private keys, bitcoin balance and transaction history) into a new device or another BIP39/BIP44 compatible wallet. <br />
<br />
TREZOR also introduced a unique way of PIN entering preventing keyloggers from recording it even when entered on a compromised computer. An encryption passphrase can be set on top of the PIN protection. More passphrases can be used for plausible deniability.<br />
<br />
[http://BuyTrezor.com E-shop BuyTrezor.com] | [http://doc.satoshilabs.com/ TREZOR Documentation]<br />
<br />
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<br />
=== BTChip HW.1 - USB Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
[https://www.hardwarewallet.com HW.1 Home Page]<br />
<br />
[[File:Btchip_dongle.jpg|220px|thumb|left|HW.1 inserted in a laptop]]<br />
<br />
HW.1 is an implementation of a deterministic (BIP 32) Hardware Wallet on a USB smartcard.<br />
<br />
It is typically used as a blind secure device for multi signature transactions - holding a set of derived private keys and signing transactions without requiring user confirmation.<br />
<br />
Power users can rely on it to confirm all transactions with a second factor scheme turning the dongle into a keyboard typing what the user is supposed to have signed, as a protection against malware.<br />
<br />
It is also possible to customize HW.1 for more specfic needs, such as creating a prepaid card without revealing the deterministic seed before it is received by the user, or securing bitcoin transactions on a server.<br />
<br />
[https://buy.hardwarewallet.com E-shop] | [https://btchip.github.io/btchip-doc/bitcoin-technical.html Technical Documentation]<br />
<br />
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<br />
=== Ledger Wallet - USB Smartcard Hardware Wallet ===<br />
<br />
[[File:ledger_wallet_photo.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Ledger Wallet USB]]<br />
<br />
Ledger Wallet protects your Bitcoin data within a smartcard. Its micro-processor certified against all types of attacks (both physical and logical), and has been used in the banking industry for decades (think credit card chips).<br />
<br />
The Ledger Wallet connects to your computer through the USB port and will do all the Bitcoin cryptographic heavy lifting such as signing transactions inside its secure environment. You can therefore use your Bitcoin account with maximum trust, even on an insecure or compromised computer.<br />
<br />
It is compatible with Electrum 2.0 for power users, or with the Ledger Wallet Chrome application which provides an easy onboarding as well as a seamless user experience.<br />
<br />
[https://www.ledgerwallet.com Ledger Wallet Home] | [https://github.com/LedgerHQ Source and specifications]<br />
<br />
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<br />
=== [[BWALLET]] TREZOR clone ===<br />
[http://mybwallet.com MyBWALLET.com]<br />
<br />
[[File:BWALLET_Trezor_Clone.jpeg|200px|thumb|left|Chinese clone of Trezor]]<br />
<br />
[[BWALLET]] is a clone of Trezor by a Chinese company.<br />
Trezor code is open source and this device operates like a Trezor.<br />
However, this product has been [https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/2tyier/bwallet_review_by_trezor_developer/ reviewed by Merek aka Slush(Trezor developer)] and he has found some problems which makes this device less than 100% compatible, for example it doesn't work with [http://mytrezor.com myTREZOR.com] website and it does not work with Trezor official firmware. <br />
<br />
[http://www.coincola.com/shops/54c1fc24963d3759182b2c7f?locale=en Buy BWALLET]<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
== Not purchasable hardware wallets ==<br />
<br />
=== BitcoinCard Megion Technologies-Card based wallet ===<br />
[[File:Bitcoincard-medley-large.jpg|400px|thumb|left|Bitcoin Card]]<br />
[http://www.bitcoincard.org/ Bitcoincard Home Page]<br />
<br />
[http://blog.bitinstant.com/blog/2012/6/19/our-discovery-in-vienna-the-bitcoin-card.html Excellent review by evoorhees]<br />
<br />
Incorporates a e-paper display, keypad, and radio (custom ISM band protocol.) Unfortunately it is fairly limited in terms of transaction I/O, requiring a radio gateway or another bitcoincard wherever funds need to be transferred.<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
=== BitSafe - allten/someone42's hardware wallet ===<br />
[[File:Bitsafe-wallet-sizecompare.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Bitsafe wallet]]<br />
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=127587.0 BitSafe Hardware Wallet Development - BOM Ready - 50 kits being prepared]<br />
<br />
Signing transactions only, requires USB host software for transactions & USB power. Has a OLED display and Confirm/Cancel buttons. Evolved out of someone42's prototype below, and has significant contributions from someone42 as well.<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
=== someone42's original prototype ===<br />
[[File:Someone42-wallet-prototype.jpg|300px|thumb|left|someone42's original prototype]]<br />
[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=78614.0 Hardware Bitcoin wallet - a minimal Bitcoin wallet for embedded devices]<br />
<br />
Signing transactions only, requires USB host software for transactions & USB power. All work is rolled into the above BitSafe wallet currently.<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
=== Other/Defunct but with good discussion: ===<br />
* natman3400's BitClip Jun 2011 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24852.0 https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=24852.0]<br />
:Seems to have gone defunct around Dec 2011. Some good ideas though and seemed to have started on execution.<br />
* jim618 hardware wallet proposal Apr 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=77553.0 Dedicated bitcoin devices - dealing with untrusted networks]<br />
:Great discussion and good ideas from jim618. Also linked the following video:<br />
* Prof. Clemens Cap's hardware wallet? (video:)[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IavQ-Wc8S1U Clemens Cap about electronic bitcoin wallet at EuroBit]<br />
:Clemens Cap of Uni Rostock explains the Electronic Bitcoin wallet device he's working on. It's based on adafruit microtouch device.<br />
* ripper234's discussion based on Yubikeys Aug 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=99492 Having a YUBIKEY as one of the parties for m-of-n signatures]<br />
:The use of Yubikeys. They only support symmetric crypto, so you'd have to trust the host device.<br />
* kalleguld's hardware wallet proposal Oct 2012 [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=115294.0 Proposal: Hardware wallet (Win 3 BTC)]<br />
* Vaporware: Matthew N Wright's ellet [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=85931.0 ANN The world's first handheld Bitcoin device, the Ellet!] (Vaporware)<br />
<br />
== Smart Card based wallets ==<br />
This type of device requires complete trust in the host device, as there is no method for user input.<br />
See [[Smart card wallet]]<br />
<br />
== Related Resources ==<br />
* [https://bitcoinnewsmagazine.com/best-bitcoin-hardware-wallet-2015/ Best Bitcoin Hardware Wallet 2015] - reviews of all bitcoin hardware wallets.<br />
* [http://99bitcoins.com/trezor-vs-ledger-hands-hardware-wallets-review/ TREZOR vs. Ledger] - User reviews and Reddit feedback<br />
* slush's Hardware wallet wire protocol discussion: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=125383.0 Hardware wallet wire protocol]<br />
* kjj's Todo List discussion for client protocol requirements: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=19080.msg272348#msg272348 in topic Re: Split private keys]<br />
* paybitcoin's original post: [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134277.0 Hardware Wallet Roundup]<br />
* [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=135090.0 This thread] about editing this very wiki entry.<br />
* Various Hardware Wallets and Reviews: [http://www.offlinewallets.com/hardware-wallets Offline Hardware Wallets]<br />
* [https://www.weusecoins.com/bitcoin-ledger-wallet-review/ Ledger Wallet Review]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Security]]<br />
[[Category:Wallets]]<br />
[[Category:Hardware]]</div>BitcoinNewsMagazine