Bitcoin Wiki - User contributions [en]

Units

2015-03-01T04:24:22Z

Aceat64: For clarity, simplifying page to only commonly used units and referencing the Tonal Bitcoin page instead of duplicating it's contents

While units in Bitcoin follow the Standard Metric Notation system, this page lists the most commonly used units. These can be written/typed/expressed in any number of ways. From using some form of the prefix, to an abbreviation of both the prefix and adding bit/bitcoin.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Unit !! Abbreviation !! Decimal (BTC) !! Alternate names !! Info
|-
| Bitcoin || BTC || 1 || coin || One Bitcoin
|-
| millibitcoin || mBTC || 0.001 || millibit, millicoin, and millie || Thousandth of a Bitcoin
|-
| microbitcoin || μBTC || 0.000001 || bit || Millionth of a Bitcoin
|-
| satoshi || sat || 0.00000001 || ''none'' || 100 millionth of a Bitcoin, the smallest unit currently possible to represent, named after the inventor
|}

Alternate systems for representing Bitcoin units exist, such as [[Tonal Bitcoin|Tonal Bitcoin (TBC)]].

Talk:Units

2015-02-27T22:39:16Z

Aceat64: /* Split that page into Standard (or "Commonly Accepted") and Tonal sections */ new section

=="only a proposal"==
"Please note that the contents of this page is only a proposal, and in no way an official standard; at the time of writing it's not even all that popular."
* Units are an objective measure; the cyan units are defined by SI, and the green by Tonal
* As far as application to BitCoin, there is no such thing as "official", as it is an authorityless system
--[[User:Luke-jr|Luke-jr]] 01:03, 8 March 2011 (GMT)

Until tonal system is not widely used (at least it will be used by more than 1 person), it is rather confusing than useful to mention such units (even as proposal). So I simplify page to only units that is used.
[[User:Aleš Janda|Aleš Janda]] ([[User talk:Aleš Janda|talk]]) 23:59, 26 August 2012 (GMT)

Perhaps two pages are necessary, a Units_SI and a Units_Tonal and then a Units disambiguation page? - [[User:Sgornick|Sgornick]] ([[User talk:Sgornick|talk]]) 04:36, 13 November 2012 (GMT)
* The colours work just fine for that. [[User:Aleš Janda|Aleš Janda]] doesn't seem to do anything but vandalise. --[[User:Luke-jr|Luke-jr]] ([[User talk:Luke-jr|talk]]) 02:24, 25 November 2012 (GMT)

== Bugs ==

The tonal column contains many unprintable characters (Firefox on Ubuntu 12.10). What are they supposed to mean? --[[User:Goonie|Goonie]] ([[User talk:Goonie|talk]]) 16:37, 5 April 2013 (GMT)
* They're high-bit tonal digits, so they require a tonal-compatible font. [http://luke.dashjr.org/education/tonal/glyphs/fonts/Luxi/LuxiTonal.ttf Here is one] that I made to fix with the Luxi Mono font family. --[[User:Luke-jr|Luke-jr]] ([[User talk:Luke-jr|talk]]) 16:43, 5 April 2013 (GMT)

== User friendly subunit ==
We need a user friendly bitcoin subunit. The users usually use currencies with two decimal positions, so the proposal is to use the 1e6 subunit to have this two decimal positions.
The proposal for the name of this unit is microcoin where 1 bitcoin = 1,000,000.00 microcoins. We need also a currency symbol for this subunit, the proposal is to use the existing symbol
whith unicode \u289 and html code ʉ
You can also read the [[Bitcoin_symbol]] discussion
What do you think about?

* I think you mean micro-bitcoin, which already exists... --[[User:Luke-jr|Luke-jr]] ([[User talk:Luke-jr|talk]]) 02:51, 29 October 2014 (UTC)
* @Luke-jr I'm thinking about microcoin, is shorter than microbitcoin and in my opinion more user friendly because of the fact that microbitcoin seems
as a micro part of bitcoin and psychologically the user wants to have a whole not a part of a coin, so bitcoin is the unit and equivalent to 1,000,000.00 of microcoins.
You can read the [http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin Wikipedia Bitcoin units] as microcoin [[User:Igarciaes|Igarciaes]] ([[User talk:Igarciaes|talk]]) 07:46, 29 October 2014 (UTC)

** "micro-" is a well-defined SI prefix. If you want to give it a custom name, I suggest you may be more successful with something unique. Removing the "bit" from "bitcoin" doesn't psychologically remove "micro-" anyway. Wikipedia is a medium of propaganda, not a relevant source. --[[User:Luke-jr|Luke-jr]] ([[User talk:Luke-jr|talk]]) 11:05, 29 October 2014 (UTC)
*** Thank you @Luke-jr

== Split that page into Standard (or "Commonly Accepted") and Tonal sections ==

I think this table would be much less confusing if we split the tonal units to a separate table. Very few people use the tonal system, so it makes sense to differentiate it from the commonly accepted units. [[User:Aceat64|Aceat64]] ([[User talk:Aceat64|talk]]) 22:39, 27 February 2015 (UTC)

API reference (JSON-RPC)

2014-01-09T00:52:21Z

Aceat64: /* PHP */ Link to library I wrote that's a bit easier to use than JSON-RPC PHP

== Controlling Bitcoin ==

Run ''bitcoind'' or ''bitcoin-qt -server''. You can control it via the command-line or by [http://json-rpc.org/wiki/specification HTTP JSON-RPC] commands.

You must create a bitcoin.conf configuration file setting an rpcuser and rpcpassword; see [[Running Bitcoin]] for details.

Now run:
$ ./bitcoind -daemon
bitcoin server starting
$ ./bitcoind help
# shows the help text

A [[Original Bitcoin client/API Calls list|list of RPC calls]] will be shown.

$ ./bitcoind getbalance
2000.00000

== JSON-RPC ==

Running Bitcoin with the -server argument (or running bitcoind) tells it to function as a [http://json-rpc.org/wiki/specification HTTP JSON-RPC] server, but
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication Basic access authentication] must be used when communicating with it, and, for security, by default, the server only accepts connections from other processes on the same machine. If your HTTP or JSON library requires you to specify which 'realm' is authenticated, use 'jsonrpc'.

Bitcoin supports SSL (https) JSON-RPC connections beginning with version 0.3.14. See the [[Enabling SSL on original client daemon|rpcssl wiki page]] for setup instructions and a list of all bitcoin.conf configuration options.

Allowing arbitrary machines to access the JSON-RPC port (using the rpcallowip [[Running_Bitcoin|configuration option]]) is dangerous and '''strongly discouraged'''-- access should be strictly limited to trusted machines.

To access the server you should find a [http://json-rpc.org/wiki/implementations suitable library] for your language.

== Proper money handling ==

See the [[Proper Money Handling (JSON-RPC)|proper money handling page]] for notes on avoiding rounding errors when handling bitcoin values.

== Python ==

[http://json-rpc.org/wiki/python-json-rpc python-jsonrpc] is the official JSON-RPC implementation for Python.
It automatically generates Python methods for RPC calls.
However, due to its design for supporting old versions of Python, it is also rather inefficient.
[[User:jgarzik|jgarzik]] has forked it as [https://github.com/jgarzik/python-bitcoinrpc Python-BitcoinRPC] and optimized it for current versions.
Generally, this version is recommended.

While BitcoinRPC lacks a few obscure features from jsonrpc, software using only the ServiceProxy class can be written the same to work with either version the user might choose to install:

<source lang="python">
from jsonrpc import ServiceProxy

access = ServiceProxy("http://user:password@127.0.0.1:8332")
access.getinfo()
access.listreceivedbyaddress(6)
#access.sendtoaddress("11yEmxiMso2RsFVfBcCa616npBvGgxiBX", 10)
</source>

The latest version of python-bitcoinrpc has a new syntax.
<source lang="python">
from bitcoinrpc.authproxy import AuthServiceProxy
</source>

== Ruby ==

<source lang="ruby">
require 'net/http'
require 'uri'
require 'json'

class BitcoinRPC
def initialize(service_url)
@uri = URI.parse(service_url)
end

def method_missing(name, *args)
post_body = { 'method' => name, 'params' => args, 'id' => 'jsonrpc' }.to_json
resp = JSON.parse( http_post_request(post_body) )
raise JSONRPCError, resp['error'] if resp['error']
resp['result']
end

def http_post_request(post_body)
http = Net::HTTP.new(@uri.host, @uri.port)
request = Net::HTTP::Post.new(@uri.request_uri)
request.basic_auth @uri.user, @uri.password
request.content_type = 'application/json'
request.body = post_body
http.request(request).body
end

class JSONRPCError < RuntimeError; end
end

if $0 == __FILE__
h = BitcoinRPC.new('http://user:password@127.0.0.1:8332')
p h.getbalance
p h.getinfo
p h.getnewaddress
p h.dumpprivkey( h.getnewaddress )
# also see: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Original_Bitcoin_client/API_Calls_list
end
</source>

== PHP ==

The [http://jsonrpcphp.org/ JSON-RPC PHP] library also makes it very easy to connect to Bitcoin. For example:

<source lang="php">
require_once 'jsonRPCClient.php';

$bitcoin = new jsonRPCClient('http://user:password@127.0.0.1:8332/');

echo "<pre>\n";
print_r($bitcoin->getinfo()); echo "\n";
echo "Received: ".$bitcoin->getreceivedbylabel("Your Address")."\n";
echo "</pre>";
</source>

'''Note:''' The jsonRPCClient library uses fopen() and will throw an exception saying "Unable to connect" if it receives a 404 or 500 error from bitcoind. This prevents you from being able to see error messages generated by bitcoind (as they are sent with status 404 or 500). The [https://github.com/aceat64/EasyBitcoin-PHP EasyBitcoin-PHP library] is similar in function to JSON-RPC PHP but does not have this issue.

== Java ==

The easiest way to tell Java to use HTTP Basic authentication is to set a default Authenticator:

<source lang="java">
final String rpcuser ="...";
final String rpcpassword ="...";

Authenticator.setDefault(new Authenticator() {
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication (rpcuser, rpcpassword.toCharArray());
}
});
</source>

Once that is done, any JSON-RPC library for Java (or ordinary URL POSTs) may be used to communicate with the Bitcoin server.

== Perl ==

The JSON::RPC package from CPAN can be used to communicate with Bitcoin. You must set the client's credentials; for example:

<source lang="perl">
use JSON::RPC::Client;
use Data::Dumper;

my $client = new JSON::RPC::Client;

$client->ua->credentials(
'localhost:8332', 'jsonrpc', 'user' => 'password' # REPLACE WITH YOUR bitcoin.conf rpcuser/rpcpassword
);

my $uri = 'http://localhost:8332/';
my $obj = {
method => 'getinfo',
params => [],
};

my $res = $client->call( $uri, $obj );

if ($res){
if ($res->is_error) { print "Error : ", $res->error_message; }
else { print Dumper($res->result); }
} else {
print $client->status_line;
}
</source>

== Go ==

The [https://github.com/conformal/btcjson btcjson package] can be used to communicate with Bitcoin. You must provide credentials to match the client you are communicating with.

<source lang="go">
import "github.com/conformal/btcjson"
msg, err := btcjson.CreateMessage("getinfo")
if err != nil {
// Do your error handling
}
// Use your username and password here.
reply, err := btcjson.RpcCommand("user", "password", "localhost:8332", msg)
</source>

== .NET (C#) ==
The communication with rpc service can be achieved using the standard httprequest/response objects.
A library for serialising and deserialising Json will make your life a lot easier:

* JayRock for .NET 4.0
* Json.Net for .NET 2.0 and above

The following example uses Json.Net:

<source lang="csharp">
HttpWebRequest webRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://localhost.:8332");
webRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("user", "pwd");
/// important, otherwise the service can't desirialse your request properly
webRequest.ContentType = "application/json-rpc";
webRequest.Method = "POST";

JObject joe = new JObject();
joe.Add(new JProperty("jsonrpc", "1.0"));
joe.Add(new JProperty("id", "1"));
joe.Add(new JProperty("method", Method));
// params is a collection values which the method requires..
if (Params.Keys.Count == 0)
{
joe.Add(new JProperty("params", new JArray()));
}
else
{
JArray props = new JArray();
// add the props in the reverse order!
for (int i = Params.Keys.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
.... // add the params
}
joe.Add(new JProperty("params", props));
}

// serialize json for the request
string s = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(joe);
byte[] byteArray = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s);
webRequest.ContentLength = byteArray.Length;
Stream dataStream = webRequest.GetRequestStream();
dataStream.Write(byteArray, 0, byteArray.Length);
dataStream.Close();

WebResponse webResponse = webRequest.GetResponse();

... // deserialze the response
</source>

There is also a wrapper for Json.NET called Bitnet (https://sourceforge.net/projects/bitnet)
implementing Bitcoin API in more convenient way:

<source lang="csharp">
BitnetClient bc = new BitnetClient("http://127.0.0.1:8332");
bc.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("user", "pass");

var p = bc.GetDifficulty();
Console.WriteLine("Difficulty:" + p.ToString());

var inf = bc.GetInfo();
Console.WriteLine("Balance:" + inf["balance"]);
</source>

== Node.js ==

* [https://github.com/freewil/node-bitcoin node-bitcoin] (npm: bitcoin)

Example using node-bitcoin:

<source lang="javascript">
var bitcoin = require('bitcoin');
var client = new bitcoin.Client({
host: 'localhost',
port: 8332,
user: 'user',
pass: 'pass'
});

client.getDifficulty(function(err, difficulty) {
if (err) {
return console.error(err);
}

console.log('Difficulty: ' + difficulty);
});
</source>

Example using Kapitalize:

<source lang='javascript'>
var client = require('kapitalize')()

client.auth('user', 'password')

client
.getInfo()
.getDifficulty(function(err, difficulty) {
console.log('Dificulty: ', difficulty)
})
</source>

== Command line (cURL) ==

You can also send commands and see results using [http://curl.haxx.se/ cURL] or some other command-line HTTP-fetching utility; for example:

<source lang="bash">
curl --user user --data-binary '{"jsonrpc": "1.0", "id":"curltest", "method": "getinfo", "params": [] }'
-H 'content-type: text/plain;' http://127.0.0.1:8332/
</source>

You will be prompted for your rpcpassword, and then will see something like:

<source lang="javascript">
{"result":{"balance":0.000000000000000,"blocks":59952,"connections":48,"proxy":"","generate":false,
"genproclimit":-1,"difficulty":16.61907875185736,"error":null,"id":"curltest"}
</source>

== Clojure ==

[https://github.com/aviad/clj-btc clj-btc] is a Clojure wrapper for the bitcoin API.

<source lang="clojure">
user=> (require '[clj-btc.core :as btc])
nil
user=> (btc/getinfo)
{"timeoffset" 0, "protocolversion" 70001, "blocks" 111908, "errors" "",
"testnet" true, "proxy" "", "connections" 4, "version" 80500,
"keypoololdest" 1380388750, "paytxfee" 0E-8M,
"difficulty" 4642.44443532M, "keypoolsize" 101, "balance" 0E-8M,
"walletversion" 60000}
</source>

== See Also==

* [[Original_Bitcoin_client/API_Calls_list|API calls list]]
* [[Running Bitcoin]]
* [[Lazy API]]
* [[PHP developer intro]]
* [[Raw_Transactions|Raw Transactions API]]
* [http://blockchain.info/api/json_rpc_api Web Based JSON RPC interface.]

[[Category:Technical]]
[[Category:Developer]]
[[zh-cn:API_reference_(JSON-RPC)]]

PHP developer intro

2014-01-09T00:51:42Z

Aceat64: /* Getinfo (Bitcoind's version of Hello World) */ Link to library I wrote that's a bit easier to use than JSON-RPC PHP

'''L'''inux '''A'''pache '''M'''ySQL '''P'''HP + Bitcoin tutorial.

For this introduction we assume that you have GNU/Linux server with Apache and PHP and that you wish to interact with the Bitcoin network from a web application. We assume some knowledge of Bitcoin and experience in PHP.

While this is written for PHP, the same principles apply for other languages. See the associated [[API reference (JSON-RPC)|API reference]] pages for info on other languages.

The easiest way to get started is to run Bitcoin in daemon mode with which PHP communicates via local HTTP requests. A library called [http://jsonrpcphp.org/ JSON-RPC] is used to call the various functions of bitcoind, which will respond back with a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Json JSON object].

== Setting up Bitcoin ==

You can download the Bitcoin daemon from the [[Main_Page|homepage]] and run one of the included binaries or compile your own from the included source code. See [[Running Bitcoin]] for details on configuring bitcoind.

Before running bitcoind you will need to create a configuration file in the Bitcoin data directory (~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf on Linux):
<source lang="bash">
rpcuser=user
rpcpassword={you MUST pick a unique password to be secure}
</source>
If you miss this step, bitcoind will remind you.

Now run bitcoind:
<source lang="bash">
$ ./bitcoind
# wait a few seconds for it to start up
$ ./bitcoind getinfo
# various information will be shown. If you get an error, try again until you see some useful output.
$ ./bitcoind help
# get help on commands, note no dash before help
</source>

Bitcoin will begin synchronizing with the network and downloading a complete copy of the block chain. As of August 2012, more than 2gb of data must be downloaded and verified during this process. It may take two or more hours to complete. You will know when it's done when the block count reaches the [http://blockexplorer.com/q/getblockcount current count].

== Getinfo (Bitcoind's version of Hello World) ==

Assuming Bitcoin has finished the initialisation process; download the file jsonRPCClient.php from [http://jsonrpcphp.org/ JSON-RPC PHP] and place it in a web-accessible location.

Second, create a PHP file with the following and visit it with your browser to test.

<source lang="php">
require_once 'jsonRPCClient.php';

$bitcoin = new jsonRPCClient('http://user:password@127.0.0.1:8332/');

echo "<pre>\n";
print_r($bitcoin->getinfo());
echo "</pre>";
</source>

'''Note:''' The jsonRPCClient library uses fopen() and will throw an exception saying "Unable to connect" if it receives a 404 or 500 error from bitcoind. This prevents you from being able to see error messages generated by bitcoind (as they are sent with status 404 or 500). The [https://github.com/aceat64/EasyBitcoin-PHP EasyBitcoin-PHP library] is similar in function to JSON-RPC PHP but does not have this issue.

== Precision ==

Bitcoin amounts can range from 1 Satoshi (0.00000001 BTC) to nearly 2,100,000,000,000,000 (21,000,000 BTC). To avoid rounding errors, you must make sure your PHP implementation supports the full range of Bitcoin values without losing precision. Most PHP implementations use IEEE 64-bit double-precision floating point numbers with 53 bits of precision, which is enough to correctly represent the full range of bitcoin values.

See [[Proper Money Handling (JSON-RPC)]] for more information.

If your PHP implementation does not support 64-bit numbers (again, this is very rare), you must use a version of bitcoind that sends values as strings (genjix maintains a fork at http://github.com/genjix/bitcoin) and use the [http://php.net/manual/en/ref.gmp.php GMP] and [http://php.net/manual/en/ref.bc.php BC Math] libraries for all calculations involving bitcoin amounts.

== Accounts ==

In Bitcoin, money is sent to addresses and many addresses can be held by one wallet. The balance shown by default in bitcoind is the sum of the bitcoins in all the addresses in the wallet.

Bitcoin goes another step. You can have [[Accounts explained|accounts]]. Each account holds multiple addresses and acts like a mini-bitcoind.

<source lang="bash">
$ ./bitcoind listaccounts
# show list of accounts and various info for each one
$ ./bitcoind getaccountaddress user889
# get an address to receive money to that is unique for the account user889
$ ./bitcoind getbalance user889
# get the sum of all the money in the addresses owned by the account user889
</source>

In your application, each user should have a unique username. You may then query bitcoind for a unique address using $bitcoin->getaccountaddress("user889"); [gets the first address for user889] or $bitcoin->getnewaddress("user889"); [creates a new address for user889].

The customer then deposits to this address.

You can check the funds for that customer by doing $bitcoin->getbalance("user889", 4);. The 4 indicates the minimum number of confirmations we will accept before assuming this payment is valid.

If you will be using accounts for multiple deposits and withdrawals long-term, you may want to consider tracking user balances in your own database. This simplifies transfers between your application's accounts and decouples your accounts from the Bitcoin wallet.

=== getnewaddress vs getaccountaddress ===

Using getnewaddress helps increase maintain anonymity of your users by making it hard for a malicious agent to track payments flowing through your application. Running getnewaddress too often, however, will cause your wallet to become filled with many empty addresses.

It is therefore recommended to in some way limit the number of unfunded addresses each user can request. Here is an example using sessions:
<source lang="php">
<?php
require_once('jsonRPCClient.php');
$bitcoin = new jsonRPCClient('http://root:root@127.0.0.1:8332/');
# now check for appropriate funds in user account
try {
$username = ...
if(isset($_SESSION['sendaddress']))
$sendaddress = $_SESSION['sendaddress'];
else {
$sendaddress = $bitcoin->getnewaddress($username);
$_SESSION['sendaddress'] = $sendaddress;
}
$balance = $bitcoin->getbalance($username);
}
catch (Exception $e) {
die("<p>Server error! Please contact the admin.</p>");
}
?>
</source>

This creates a new address at the beginning of every new session, and stores it in the session variable.

==See Also==

* [[API reference (JSON-RPC)]]
* [[Lazy_API]]
* [[Merchant Howto]]

[[es:Introducción para desarrolladores de PHP]]
[[de:Einführung_für_PHP-Entwickler]]

[[Category:Developer]]

Donation-accepting organizations and projects

2013-10-16T17:44:24Z

Aceat64: Updated URL

Here is a list of organizations that accept bitcoin donations.
Only notable donation-accepting sites should be added here.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Organization
! Purpose
! Donation Page
|-
|[http://420chan.org/ 420chan]
|Imageboard community
|[http://420chan.org/donate/]
|-
|[https://ahmia.fi/ Ahmia.fi]
|AHMIA is working with Tor related projects including running Tor Nodes and the only public Tor Hidden Service search.
|[https://ahmia.fi/]
|-
|[http://www.AncientBeast.com AncientBeast.com]
|[Free Open Source] Turn Based Strategy Game Played Online Against Other People. Master your beasts!
|[http://http://ancientbeast.com/bitcoin]
|-
| [https://www.facebook.com/pages/Animals-in-Distress-Sanctuary/18914014768 Animals in Distress Sanctuary]
|Animals in Distress Sanctuary
| [https://propster.me/tipjar/0cigdnk]
|-
|[http://www.anonnews.org/ Anonnews.org]
|Open news platform for Anonymous
|[http://anonnews.org/bitcoin.html]
|-
|[http://www.anonyops.com/index.php Anonyops.com]
|News about Anonymous actions and operations
|[http://anonyops.com/bitcoindonate.php]
|-
| [http://antiwar.com/ Antiwar.com]
|Devoted to the cause of non-interventionism and anti-imperialism.
|[http://antiwar.com/blog/2012/11/27/an-alternative-way-to-help-antiwar-com/]
|-
|[http://www.archive.org/ Archive.org]
|Digital archive of public domain media, original open/free media and historical website backups
|[http://www.archive.org/donate]
|-
|[http://awesome.naquadah.org/ awesome]
|Window manager for X11
|[http://awesome.naquadah.org/community/]
|-
|[http://www.backbox.org/ Backbox]
|Ubuntu-based GNU/Linux distribution for perform penetration tests and security assessments for ethical hacking
|[http://www.backbox.org/services]
|-
|[http://www.kk-velikelasce.si/ Basketball club KK Velike Lašče]
|Basketball club KK Velike Lašče from Slovenia playing in the lower national league
|[http://www.kk-velikelasce.si/pokrovitelji/]
|-
|[https://iplayernotifier.appspot.com/ BBC iPlayer Notifier]
|Email and Google Talk notification of new content available on BBC iPlayer
|[https://iplayernotifier.appspot.com/]
|-
|[http://www.beatingdebt.org BeatingDebt.org]
|Teaching debt prevention by placing educational ads, supporting debt prevention groups, and providing online resources
|[http://www.beatingdebt.org/donate.php#BitCoinDonation]
|-
|[http://www.bitcharity.org/ BitCharity]
|Hub for donating to charities using Bitcoin (currently inactive)
|[http://www.bitcharity.org]
|-
|[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=52543.0 Bitcoin 100]
|Bitcoin 100: A Kickstarter for Charities (1BTC1oo)
|[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=52543.0]
|-
|[https://bitcoinfoundation.org Bitcoin Foundation]
|Bitcoin Foundation standardizes, protects and promotes the use of Bitcoin cryptographic money for the benefit of users worldwide.
|[https://bitcoinfoundation.org/donate]
|-
|[http://www.bitcoinfunding.com BitcoinFunding.com]
|[Raise money with bitcoins] Kickstarter style website to raise funds for projects.
|[http://bitcoinfunding.com/]
|-
|[http://www.bitcoinspot.nl/ Bitcoinspot]
|Dutch website and forum about Bitcoins, how to acquire and how to use them.
|[http://www.bitcoinspot.nl/nieuws-algemeen/bitcoin-browser-integratie.html]
|-
|[http://www.bitgivefoundation.org BitGiveFoundation]
|BitGive Foundation - Charitable Giving Organization of the Bitcoin Community.
|[http://bitgivefoundation.org/donate.html]
|-
|[http://www.bluetile.org Bluetile]
|Tiling window manager for GNOME
|[http://www.bluetile.org/#development]
|-
|[http://brmlab.cz/ Brmlab, hackerspace]
|The first hackerspace in the Czech Republic
|[http://brmlab.cz/project/bitcoin]
|-
|[http://www.bund-berlin.de/ BUND Berlin e.V.]
|environmental NGO, Berlin branch of BUND / Friends of the Earth, Germany
|[http://www.bund-berlin.de/bund_berlinde/spenden/bitcoin_spenden/bitcoin_english.html]
|-
|[http://c4ss.org/ Center for a Stateless Society]
|Builds public awareness of, and support for, market anarchism
|[http://c4ss.org/support-the-center]
|-
|[http://www.cheat-sheets.org/ Cheat-Sheets.org]
|Cheat/round-up/reference cards/guides/sheets for programming languages and software
|[http://www.cheat-sheets.org/]
|-
|[http://www.chambaproject.in/ Chamba Project]
|An effort to create a Swathanthra (Free/Libre/Open/Mukt) Animation Movie by pooling in contributions from people around the world and funding artists directly.
|[http://www.chambaproject.in/contribute/]
|-
|[https://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Bitcoin.shtml Chebucto Community Net]
|Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada-based registered charitable society providing non-profit access to the tools of communication. Operating since 1994.
|[https://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Bitcoin.shtml]
|-
|[http://www.stjohnsgoshen.com Church of Saint John the Evangelist]
|A Church in Goshen, NY
|[http://www.stjohnsgoshen.com/bitcoin]
|-
|[http://www.tiferesyisroel.org/ Congregation Tiferes Yisroel]
|Orthodox Jewish Synagogue oriented toward people with little or no Jewish background and "Jews by choice" in Baltimore, MD, USA
|[https://tiferesyisroel.org/donate.html#bitcoin]
|-
|[http://www.bitcoinsreview.com Consumer - Merchant Trust Project]
|An initiative to increase trust between Consumer and Bitcoin Merchants. Proceedspay for hosting, ads, etc.
|[http://www.bitcoinsreview.com/donate/]
|-
|[http://convergence.io Convergence]
|Agile, distributed, and secure strategy for replacing certificate authorities.
|[http://convergence.io/involved.html]
|-
|[http://www.copblock.org/ Cop Block]
|Cop Block is a decentralized project supported by a diverse group of individuals united by their shared goal of police accountability.
|[http://www.copblock.org/donate/]
|-
|[http://ccbib.org Creative Commons Bibliothek]
|Creative Commons and Public Domain library. Includes book source code for easy reprinting with custom layout. Local groups produce paper versions for lending.
|[http://ccbib.org/donate/]
|-
|[http://www.cryto.net/ Cryto Coding Collective]
|Host for IRC and web for free/libre software and cultural projects
|[http://www.cryto.net/donate/]
|-
|[http://dallasmakerspace.org/ Dallas Makerspace]
|The first Makerspace/Hackerspace in North Texas.
|[http://dallasmakerspace.org/donate/]
|-
|[http://www.DecryptedMatrix.com/ Decrypted Matrix ]
|Blog on science, society, nature, politics etc.
|[http://www.DecryptedMatrix.com]
|-
|[http://www.degenernet.com/ Degenernet Radio]
|Online radio station dedicated independent music from all genres
|[http://www.degenernet.com/donate.php]
|-
|[http://dia-installer.de/ dia-installer.de]
|Dia, popular open source diagramming software for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux
|[http://dia-installer.de/support/donations.html]
|-
|[http://diasporaproject.org/ DIASPORA* Project]
|A distributed privacy aware "social network" which is run non-profit
|[https://propster.me/tipjar/0cfj4eg]
|-
|[http://www.digitalprecursor.org/ Digital Precursor]
|Website and Forum dedicated to scientific learning (particularly energetics)
|[http://www.digitalprecursor.org/content.php/93-Anonymous-Donations-Now-Available]
|-
|[http://www.dosbox.com/ DOSBox]
|An x86 emulator with DOS
|[http://www.dosbox.com/crew.php]
|-
|[http://www.downsizedc.org/link?uri=/&src=btc-wiki DownsizeDC.org]
|Downsize DC advocates constitutional limits, smaller government, civil liberties, federalism, and low taxes.
|[https://secure.downsizedc.org/contribute/]
|-
|[http://www.duplicati.com/ Duplicati]
|Free, open source backup client that securely stores encrypted, incremental, compressed backups on cloud storage services and remote file servers. It works with Amazon S3, Windows Live SkyDrive, Google Drive (Google Docs), Rackspace Cloud Files or WebDAV, SSH, FTP (and many more).
|[http://www.duplicati.com/]
|-
|[http://www.dyne.org Dyne.org]
|Since the year 2000 producing free and open source software for media activism: makers of the 100% Free Dyne:bolic GNU/Linux distribution and more software to record, edit and stream audio and video materials on-line, encrypt private communications and recycle existing hardware.
|[http://www.dyne.org]
|-
|[http://spices.org.my/ Early Intervention Program at SPICES]
|Non-profit organization providing services to children with learning disabilities since 1997
|[http://spices.org.my/be-involved/donations/]
|-
|[http://encyclopediadramatica.ch/Main_Page Encyclopedia Dramatica]
|4chan's Wikipedia
|[http://encyclopediadramatica.ch/donate.php]
|-
|[https://www.erowid.org/ Erowid]
|Portal on psychoactive plants and chemicals, meditation, lucid etc.
|[https://www.erowid.org/donations/donations_bitcoin.php]
|-
|[http://eudemocracia.org/english.html Eudemocracia] NGO
|Dedicated to the creation of a modern form of government that combines direct democracy and internet.
|[http://wiki.eudemocracia.org/en/donaciones]
|-
|[http://www.expanton.com Expanton]
|Occupy Wall Street Support
|[http://www.expanton.com/]
|-
|[http://www.ezyorg.com/ Ezyorg.com]
|Organizing & Planning Tool
|[http://ezyorg.com/]
|-
|[http://www.fairewinds.com Fairewinds Energy Education]
| Educates the public about nuclear power and other energy issues.
|[http://www.fairewinds.com/donations]
|-
|[http://wiki.farmbot.it FarmBot Project]
| open-source project that develops automated precision farming machines.
|[http://wiki.farmbot.it/Welcome#Donate]
|-
|[http://www.Brikcius.com/ Festival Brikcius]
|Support "Festival Brikcius" - the chamber music concert series at the Stone Bell House in Prague.
|[http://www.Brikcius.com/Contact.uk.html]
|-
|[http://f-droid.org/ F–Droid]
|Android App market (like google play market) for open source apps
|[http://f-droid.org/]
|-
|[http://www.foo.be/forban/ Forban]
|Filesharing protocol for local area networks
|[http://www.foo.be/forban/]
|-
|[http://www.fee.org/ Foundation for Economic Education]
|FEE’s mission is to inspire, educate and connect future leaders with the economic, ethical and legal principles of a free society.
|[http://www.fee.org/donate/page/donate-bitcoins]
|-
|[http://freedomainradio.com/ Freedomain Radio]
|Online philosophical conversation about freedom, religion, the state, and the family
|[http://board.freedomainradio.com/forums/t/30241.aspx]
|-
|[http://freedomboxfoundation.org FreedomBox Foundation]
|Non-profit turning small plug computers into personal servers that guard your privacy, anonymity and security.
|[https://freedomboxfoundation.org/donate]
|-
| [http://FreedomsPhoenix.com/ FreedomsPhoenix]
|Reigniting the flames of freedom, Phoenix based daily radio show, news aggregator and Digital eZine.
| [https://www.freedomsphoenix.com/Secure/Contributions.htm?EdNo=001]
|-
|[http://www.freehal.org/ FreeHAL]
|a self-learning artificial intelligence available as free software
|[http://www.freehal.net/funds/?p=do&l=en]
|-
|[https://freenetproject.org/ Freenet Project]
|The Free Network
|[https://freenetproject.org/donate.html]
|-
| [http://thefnf.org/ The Free Network Foundation]
|To create free internetworks controlled and operated by communities. Plus help them operate with encryption by using 'Freedom Boxes' ect.
| [http://commons.thefnf.org/index.php/Needs]
|-
|[http://www.fsf.org Free Software Foundation]
|Worldwide advocate for software freedom and host organization for the GNU Project.
|[https://my.fsf.org/donate/other]
|-
|[http://freestateproject.org/ Free State Project]
|Organized political migration of libertarian activists to New Hampshire in order to reduce the size and scope of government.
|[http://freestateproject.org/getinvolved/donate.php]
|-
|[http://www.freetalklive.com/ Free Talk Live]
|Help spread the message of liberty by donating to a liberty leaning nationally syndicated radio show!
|[http://www.freetalklive.com/bitcoin]
|-
|[http://www.FreezingMoon.org FreezingMoon.org]
|Free Open Source Game Development Organization
|[http://http://FreezingMoon.org/bitcoin]
|-
|[http://freifunk-rheinland.net Freifunk Rheinland e.V.]
| Organization fighting legislation against unrestricted WiFi access in Germany
|[http://freifunk-rheinland.org/operation-storerhaftung.html]
|-
|[http://www.gentlelan.de/ GentleLAN]
|Since many years free private LANs in Bremen / Germany
|[http://www.gentlelan.de/?page_id=193]
|-
|[http://www.girlsgonebitcoin.info GirlsGoneBitcoin]
|Girls gone wild with bitcoin accepting donations!
|[http://www.girlsgonebitcoin.info/]
|-
|[http://http://www.groupbstrepinternational.org/ Group B Strep International]
|Promoting GBS Awareness Worldwide
|[http://www.groupbstrepinternational.org/donate.html]
|-
|[http://gzzt.org/ GZZT.org]
|Popular Useful Links Reference Site
|[http://gzzt.org]
|-
|[http://www.reddit.com/r/hackbloc HackBloc on Reddit]
|Hacktivism, Crypto-anarchy, Darknets.
|[http://www.reddit.com/r/hackbloc]
|-
|[http://hacktolive.org hacktolive]
|Development of Linux-based distro "Super OS" and other open-source software
|[http://hacktolive.org]
|-
|[http://www.heavensentgaming.com Heaven Sent Gaming]
|Heaven Sent Gaming is a new media entertainment group founded by Mario Lucero and Isabel Ruiz, in 2006, as a game development team.
|[http://heavensentgaming.com/support-and-donations/]
|-
|[http://www.helplinux.ru Help Linux]
|Russian language Linux support
|[http://helplinux.ourproject.org/wiki/about:start]
|-
|[http://thejuicemedia.com Juice Rap News]
|Juice Rap News - the news show for the Internet nation, delivering a bulletin to restore your faith in the fourth estate, make you nod your head to the beat even as you shake it in disbelief.
|[http://thejuicemedia.com/donate/]
|-
|[http://www.jurn.org/ JURN]
|Search over 4,000 'open access' academic ejournals in the arts & humanities. Find and access full-text academic articles, for free, from anywhere.
|[http://www.jurn.org/]
|-
|[http://theicarusproject.net The Icarus Project]
|A mutual aid/peer support organization dedicated to radical mental health
|[http://theicarusproject.net/about-us/donate-to-the-icarus-project]
|-
|[http://immi.is/ International Modern Media Initiative]
|Strongest freedom of information laws in the world, being created in Iceland
|[https://immi.is/index.php/donate]
|-
|[http://i2p2.de/ I2P Anonymous Network]
|Anonymising network similar to tor
|[http://www.i2p2.de/donate.html]
|-
|[http://www.intercom.gs/ Intercom - Emergency Communications Division]
|We Build Censorship Resistant Phone and Communications Networks
|[http://www.intercom.gs/support.html]
|-
|[http://www.partito-pirata.it/ Italian Pirate Party]
|Italian Pirate Party - Associazione Partito Pirata Italia
|[http://www.partito-pirata.it/magazzino/payBTC.html]
|-
|[http://www.koinoniaaxion.gr/ KoinoniaAxion (Κοινωνία Αξιών)]
|Political Party in Greece
|[http://www.koinoniaaxion.gr/index.php/2013-01-05-11-13-03/bitcoin]
|-
|[https://www.lewrockwell.com/ Lew Rockwell.com]
|anti-state anti-war pro-market
|[https://www.lewrockwell.com/donate/]
|-
|[https://www.lp.org/ Libertarian Party (US)]
|Third largest political party in the United States.
|[https://www.lp.org/make-a-bitcoin-contribution]
|-
|[http://lifeboat.com Lifeboat Foundation]
|Organization for scientific advancements and against harm from technological progress
|[https://lifeboat.com/ex/bitcoins]
|-
|[http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Lojban Logical Language Group]
|The Logical Language Group, Inc. is a non-profit organization meant to serve the needs of the '''Lojban''' community.
|[http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Donations]
|-
|[http://lorea.org/ Lorea]
|A distributed and federated organization working on pushing open source for social networking, social economy and autonomy of the people.
|[https://n-1.cc/pg/pages/view/14888/]
|-
|[http://biohackers.la/ Los Angeles Biohackers]
|Grass-roots biotechnology lab in downtown Los Angeles
|[http://www.socal-diybio.org/Main_Page#Donate]
|-
|[http://la.indymedia.org/ Los Angeles Indymedia]
|User-generated left-wing news.
|[http://la.indymedia.org/]
|-
|[http://love2d.org/ LÖVE]
|An open source 2D game engine that uses the Lua programming language.
|[http://love2d.org/]
|-
|[http://joyridelabs.de/game Nikki and the Robots]
|Cute cross-platform open source platformer game by Joyride Labs
|[http://joyridelabs.de/blog]
|-
|[https://github.com/FellowTraveler/Open-Transactions/ Open Transactions]
|Easy-to-use, Financial Crypto and Digital Cash Library.
|[https://github.com/FellowTraveler/Moneychanger]
|-
|[http://opengameart.org/ OpenGameArt.org]
|Produces and hosts freely licensed art for use in open source games
|[http://opengameart.org/content/donate-bitcoins]
|-
|[http://www.openwall.com Openwall Project]
|Development of information security related free software, information security research, publications, and community activities aimed at making existing free software safer to use.
|[http://www.openwall.com/donations/]
|-
|[https://www.operationanonymous.org/ Operation Anonymous]
|Anonymous Political Group
|[http://www.operationanonymous.org/]
|-
|[http://www.organicdesign.co.nz OrganicDesign]
|A group developing methods and tools to support open-source bottom-up peer-to-peer governance for the people
|[http://www.organicdesign.co.nz]
|-
|[http://www.osiris-sps.org Osiris-sps.org]
|Software for decentralized portal, managed and shared via P2P between members.
|[http://www.osiris-sps.org/donations/]
|-
|[http://www.paniq.cc paniq.cc]
|Music from the other side of the universe
|[http://www.paniq.cc]
|-
|[http://www.liberallibertario.org Partido Liberal Libertario]
|Libertarian Party of Argentina
|[http://www.liberallibertario.org/aportes]
|-
|[http://http://www.p2pfoundation.net P2P Foundation]
|Researching, documenting and promoting peer to peer practices
|[http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/why-the-p2p-foundation-is-paying-its-salaries-in-bitcoin/2012/03/28]
|-
|[http://patch-tag.com/ Patch-Tag.com]
|Darcs and gitit wiki hosting for open source projects
|[http://patch-tag.com/h/pricing]
|-
|[http://peacegeeks.org/ PeaceGeeks]
|Global non-profit, volunteer organization that builds the technological, communications and management capacities of grassroots organizations working on the promotion of peace, accountability and human rights.
|[http://peacegeeks.org/donate]
|-
|[http://pioneerone.tv/ Pioneer One]
|TV series funded purely through donations
|[https://twitter.com/pioneeronetv/status/36119594439544832]
|-
| [http://piratelinux.org/ Pirate Linux]
|A .deb installer and an Ubuntu based OS that installs, I2p Tor, bitcoin wallet and many other privacy and file sharing apps
| [http://piratelinux.org/?page_id=271]
|-
|[http://www.piratenpartei.at/ Piratenpartei Österreich]
|Pirate Party of Austria
|[http://wiki.piratenpartei.at/wiki/Kategorie:Spenden]
|-
|[http://pirax.de/ PiraX]
|Hacker collective and web-tool pioneers.
|[http://pirax.de/donate/]
|-
|[http://plankhead.com/ Plankhead]
|Free/open source media and arts organization
|[http://plankhead.com/donate]
|-
|[http://plaztika.com/?lang=en Plaztika]
|Virtual art space. Non-profit/runs on donations. New artists are welcome to join.
|[http://plaztika.com/Who-are-we]
|-
|[https://privacybox.de/index.en.html PrivacyBox]
|System for anonymous and non-trackable contact forms
|[https://privacybox.de/donations.en.html]
|-
|[http://bitcoinintro.com/project-hidden-treasure/ Project Hidden Treasure]
|Promotes Bitcoin to new users by 'hiding' them in Geocaches. Also explains Bitcoin use and security.
|[http://bitcoinintro.com/project-hidden-treasure/]
|-
|[http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/ Prometheus Fusion Perfection]
|Open source nuclear fusion research
|[http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2011/02/04/bitcoin-fundraiser/]
|-
|[http://protestbarrick.net/ Protest Barrick]
|A global campaign against the world's largest gold miner
|[http://protestbarrick.net/article.php?id=764]
|-
| [http://ThePythonGameBook.com ThePythonGameBook]
| Free CC/GPL licensed wikibook to learn open source game programming in Python
| [http://thepythongamebook.com/en:help?&#donating_money]
|-
|[http://queeky.com/ Queeky]
|an online drawing community with special drawing tools and creative users from all around the world
|[http://www.queeky.com/content/support-queeky-and-donate]
|-
|[http://www.reactos.org/ ReactOS]
|Free open source Windows-compatible operating system
|[http://www.reactos.org/en/foundation_donate.html]
|-
|[http://www.recycles.org/ Recycles.Org]
|Nonprofit Recycling and ReUse Network - Nationwide (USA) technology exchange clearinghouse for nonprofits
|[http://www.recycles.org/computer/donation/support/]
|-
|[https://ripplepay.com/ Ripple]
|Payment system based on trust networks
|[https://ripplepay.com/donate/]
|-
| [https://riseup.net/ Riseup]
| Anti-capitalist collective
|[https://help.riseup.net/en/donate#bitcoin]
|-
|[http://rusinfo.cc/ RusInfo]
|Russian info agency
|[http://rusinfo.cc/help]
|-
|[http://seasteading.org The Seasteading Institute]
|To further the establishment and growth of permanent, autonomous ocean communities, enabling innovation with new political and social systems.
|[http://twitter.com/#!/patrissimo/status/76392851558244353]
|-
|[http://showrss.karmorra.info/ showRSS]
|A service that provides feeds to automatically download TV show torrents for DVR/Tivo like applications
|[http://showrss.karmorra.info/?cs=help&m=donate]
|-
|[http://singinst.org Singularity Institute]
|Artificial Intelligence
|[http://singinst.org/donate]
|-
|[http://somefunnypranks.com/ SomeFunnyPranks.com]
|Audio recordings of phone pranks under Creative Commons
|[http://somefunnypranks.com/]
|-
|[http://sosmazunte.weeno.net/ ¡SOS Mazunte!]
|Support campaign after the Carlotta hurricane that hit the coast of Oaxaca (Mexico), particularly the community of Mazunte, on June 15th.
|[http://sosmazunte.weeno.net/]
|-
|[http://www.demokracjabezposrednia.pl Stowarzyszenie Więcej Demokracji]
|Association for direct democracy in Poland
|[http://www.demokracjabezposrednia.pl/donate]
|-
|[http://studentsforliberty.org/ Students for Liberty]
|To provide a unified, student-driven forum of support for students and student organizations dedicated to liberty.
|[http://studentsforliberty.org/donate/bitcoin/]
|-
|[http://wiki.sugarlabs.org Sugar Labs]
|Free/open sourcee education/learning software
|[http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Donate]
|-
|[http://gorod-solnca.org/ Sun City]
|Ukrainian centre for children in difficult circumstances
|[http://sms.gorod-solnca.org/]
|-
|[http://www.symphonyofscience.com/ Symphony of Science]
|A musical project headed by John Boswell, to deliver scientific knowledge in musical form.
|[http://www.symphonyofscience.com/]
|-
|[http://tahoe-lafs.org/ Tahoe-LAFS]
|A distributed filesystem with funky redundancy properties
|[http://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/wiki/BitCoinPage]
|-
|[http://tangorin.com Tangorin Japanese Dictionary]
|Free online Japanese dictionary in development since October 2007 by a former Japanology student.
|[http://tangorin.com/bitcoin]
|-
|[http://tmac.technitium.com/ Technitium]
|Freeware MAC Address Changer
|[http://blog.technitium.com/2011/08/accepting-donations-again.html]
|-
|[http://Tn3t.com/ TN3T LLC TOR Project]
|TN3T LLC operates 2 TOR exit nodes.
| [http://tn3t.com/donate.txt]
|-
|[http://torchat.googlecode.com/ TorChat]
|A serverless encrypted anonymous instant messenger running on top of the Tor network
|[http://torchat.googlecode.com/]
|-
|[https://www.torservers.net/ Torservers.net]
|Runs [http://www.torproject.org/ Tor] relays and bridges
|[https://www.torservers.net/donate.html#anonymous]
|-
|[https://www.trybtc.com/ TryBTC]
|Simple way to get started with bitcoin, uses donations to give out coins to educate new users
|[https://www.trybtc.com/about/]
|-
|[http://www.unitednationsoffilm.com/ United Nations of Film]
|Truth Investigation and Whistleblower Site fighting for the Right to Privacy, Freedom, Equality and Prosperity for all Humanity.
|[http://unitednationsoffilm.com/?page_id=2]
|-
|[https://vaizard.org/ Vaizard institute]
| Backing people who want to make the world a better place by making their ideas real.
|[https://vaizard.org/en/about/contacts/]
|-
|[http://www.VideoNeat.com Videoneat]
| Watch free documentaries and lectures online
|[http://www.videoneat.com/documentaries/#donatepopup]
|-
|[http://wikileaks.org Wikileaks]
|Whistleblower website
|[http://wikileaks.org/support.html]
|-
|[http://wlcentral.org/ WL Central]
|News, analysis and actions related to Wikileaks
|[http://wlcentral.org/q-a]
|-
|[http://www.wakingupmovie.com Waking Up Movie Project]
|Humanist collaborative film project
|[http://www.wakingupmovie.com/2011/12/bitcoin-donations/]
|-
|[https://www.whonix.org Whonix]
|Anonymous Operating System
|[https://whonix.org/wiki/Donate]
|-
|[http://www.wikispeed.com WIKISPEED]
|A volunteer-based, green automotive-prototyping company devoted to creating safe, low-cost, ultra-efficient, road-legal vehicles.
|[http://www.wikispeed.com/wikispeed-team-blog/wikispeed-first-car-maker-in-the-world-to-accept-bitcoin-press-release]
|-
|[https://wikispooks.com/wiki/Main_Page Wikispooks]
|An encyclopedia of deep political structures and events
|[https://wikispooks.com/wiki/WikiSpooks:Donate]
|-
|[http://wordswithmeaning.org/ WordswithMeaning!]
|An "alternative" affairs online editorial focusing on non-conservative views and aiming criticism towards copyright and the modern media.
|[https://wordswithmeaning.org/page/support-wordmean]
|-
|[http://yorba.org Yorba]
|Software group developing free desktop applications for GNOME
|[http://yorba.org/donate]
|-
|[http://zerostate.net Zero State]
|Grassroots technoprogressive community implementing practical solutions to advance the human condition.
|[http://zerostate.net/membership.html Category 2 membership] (Category 1 is free, category 3 is achievement based.)
|}

[[de:Spenden]]

Talk:Bitcoin Firsts

2013-04-15T07:04:46Z

Aceat64:

Any reason the 'bitcoin first' page is separate from the older History page?

Ya, probably so that the History page was more specific to bitcoin, but firsts was for trivia and only true firsts.

Like maybe going to v0.6 release is enough to make it into the History, but not something that would go into firsts.
At the same time, the first food truck to start using bitcoin might be something suitable for the Firsts page but would be extraneous in the Bitcoin History page.

== Adult entertainers video ==

Video has been removed from Youtube due to TOS violation. I change the link to the original subreddit where it all began and entertainers in general started accepting Bitcoin.

== Many, if not most things missing ==
Many ideas and actions deserve being mentioned and the first to do it deserves to be mentioned here I think. There would be room for mentioning others as super tiny references like <ref>alternative 1</ref><ref>alternative 2</ref><ref>alternative 3</ref>. 5 minutes of brain storming:
* first implementation of an exchange (otc?)
* first floating exchange (MtGox?)
* first free bitcoins site (faucet?)
* first facebook wallet
* first margin trading
* first betting site
* first auction site
* first firstbits site
* first live monitor of an exchange
* first day with more than x transactions
* first day with trade volume > x USD
* first mobile wallet
* first iPhone/android/blackberry/... wallet
* first hosted wallet
* first hosted wallet without registration (instawallet?)
* first brain wallet site
* …
<references />
--[[User:Giszmo|Giszmo]] ([[User talk:Giszmo|talk]]) 15:16, 27 August 2012 (GMT)

== Format ==

Some "Firsts" are actually no "Firsts". I suggest to reword all to "First …" and remove those that fail to fit into this. "First trading day of blablabla exchange" is not a Bitcoin first for example. If the exchange is the most relevant one, there is definitely room for some "first exchange to trad $XXX in one day/week/month".
--[[User:Giszmo|Giszmo]] ([[User talk:Giszmo|talk]]) 05:27, 16 November 2012 (GMT)

== First firearm for sale? ==
Yes, this is my own forum post, but I think it may be the [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=492.msg4421 first firearm (legally) offered for sale via bitcoin].
--[[User:Aceat64|Aceat64]] ([[User talk:Aceat64|talk]]) 07:04, 15 April 2013 (GMT)

Bitcoin Firsts

2013-04-15T07:00:45Z

Aceat64: Added: Bitcoin surpasses 200 USD (yes

First examples of bitcoins being accepted for various goods and services and other notable first occurrences. See discussion for more regarding what is suitable here.

{| class="wikitable"
!  Event Date 
! Event
|-
| 2009-01-12
| First bitcoin transaction<ref>[http://blockexplorer.com/b/170 Block 170 with the first transaction ever]</ref> on the network. From Satoshi to Hal Finney<ref>[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=91806.msg1012234#msg1012234 Earliest Block With A Spend]</ref>.
|-
| 2010-05-17
| First recorded purchase of a good (pizza). Cost 10,000 BTC.<ref>[http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=137.0 Pizza]</ref>
|-
|2011-03-21
| First travel using only Bitcoin to survive<ref>[http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=4752.0 Plato's road trip]</ref>
|-
| 2011-01-06
| Guy pays random guy for work performed (holding a sign on a busy intersection)<ref>[http://www.bitcoinblogger.com/2011/01/power-of-bitcoins.html Mobile marketing gig]</ref>
|-
| 2011-05-09
| First physical bitcoins<ref>[[Bitbills]]</ref>
|-
|2011-05-12
|First room for rent for Bitcoin<ref>[http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=8174.msg119235#msg119235 Room for rent]</ref>
|-
|2011-05-17
|First stripper being tipped bitcoin<ref>[http://therealplato.com/post/5568777157 Tipped a stripper Bitcoins] </ref>
|-
|2011-05-27
|Buying aircraft for BTC<ref>[http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=10210.0 Buying aircraft for BTC]</ref>
|-
|2011-06-01
|SF Chiropractor accepts BTC for office visits<ref>[http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=11178.0 SF Chiropractor accepts BTC for office visits]</ref>
|-
|2011-06-04
|First real estate offered for Bitcoin. A beach condo<ref>[http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=12185.0 Beach Condo]</ref> and a house<ref>[http://forum.bitcoin.org/index.php?topic=12466.0 House]</ref> were offered within hours of each other.
|-
|2011-10-30
|First Bitcoin mining on an in-flight airplane using wifi. Unknown if any Bitcoins were actually created in flight<ref>[http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=50379.0 Mining at 18,000 feet]</ref>
|-
|2011-12-19
|First TV story based on Bitcoin<ref>[http://www.cbspressexpress.com/cbs-entertainment/releases/view?id=30177 CBS' "THE GOOD WIFE" episode]</ref>
|-
|2012-02-16
|Auto title loan for bitcoins requested<ref>[http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=64199 Auto title loan for bitcoins requested]</ref>
|-
|2012-03-07
|First [http://blockchain.info/tx/9c08a4d78931342b37fd5f72900fb9983087e6f46c4a097d8a1f52c74e28eaf6 transaction] including a [[P2SH]]-compatible address.
|-
|2012-03-24
|First property management accepts bitcons for rent<ref>[http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=73712.0 Property management accept bitcons for rent]</ref>. Over 100 commercial and residential properties
|-
|2012-03-27
|First printed Bitcoin magazine is announced and then followed by photos<ref>[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=74346.0 first photos of Coineer]</ref><ref>[https://coineer.com Coineer - The Bitcoin Magazine available in print]</ref>
|-
|2012-03-28
|Amateur Adult Entertainers use Bitcoin for tips<ref>[http://reddit.com/r/GirlsGoneBitcoin Amateur Adult Entertainers use Bitcoin for tips]</ref>
|-
|2012-03-29
|Bitcoin-only Credit Default Swap (CDS)<ref>[http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=74552.0 Bitcoin-only Credit Default Swap (CDS)] </ref>
|-
|2012-04-19
|US Based exchange gets Federally licensed as a MSB<ref>[http://payglo.be/2012/04/19/bitinstant-federally-licensed-bitcoin-exchange/ US Based exchange gets Federally licensed as a MSB]</ref><ref>[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=77194.msg857699#msg857699 US Based exchange gets Federally licensed as a MSB 2]</ref>
|-
|2012-04-20
|Bitcoinica.com gets licensed as a MSB<ref>[http://bitcoinmedia.com/first-licensed-advanced-trading-platform-for-bitcoin/ Bitcoinica.com gets licensed as a MSB]</ref>
|-
|2012-04-25
|First Music album sold for bitcoins exclusively – Before being sold on iTunes<ref>[https://www.coindl.com/page/item/127 Music album sold for bitcoins exclusively]</ref>
|-
|2012-04-26
|First WebCam site to accept Bitcoins<ref>[http://ptvheaven.com WebCam site to accept Bitcoins]</ref>. Bitcoins accepted as an alternative payment. Entertainer payouts are not in Bitcoin.
|-
|2012-04-29
|First Bitcoin only live webcam site<ref>[http://www.cam4btc.co.cc/ Bitcoin only live webcam site]</ref>. Bitcoin tips go directly to entertainers. Site operates on tips.
|-
|2012-05-01
|Bitcoin Magazine<ref>[[Bitcoin Magazine]]</ref><ref>[http://bitcoinmagazine.net/bitcoin-magazine-press-release/ Press release] as first issue goes to print</ref>
|-
|2012-05-01
|Race horse named after Satoshi<ref>[http://www.satoshisdaemon.com/ Race horse named after Satoshi]</ref><ref>http://www.thebitcointrader.com/2012/04/bitcoin-horse-to-run-first-race-on-may.html</ref>
|-
| 2012-05-09
| First formal risk assessment by a government agency<ref>[http://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=80173.0 Discussion of Leaked FBI Report on Bitcoin- April 2012]</ref>
|-
| 2012-05-09
|Sold San Francisco Bridge<ref>[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=80485.msg890710#msg890710 Sold San Francisco Bridge]</ref>. Another traditional first for a new currency. (likely not authentic)
|-
| 2012-05-18
|First Bitcoin class in a public school<ref>[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=82046.msg908451#msg908451 Bitcoin taught in a public school]</ref>. It was a 4th grade class
|-
| 2012-06-06
|First Bitcoin donations to contribute to a successful anti-corrupt local government political campaign<ref>[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=74219.msg945392#msg945392 Bitcoin donations contribute to successful anti-corrupt local government political campaign]</ref>. Travis Kiger, running against a Fullerton City counsel that turned a blind eye to the death of Kelly Thomas at the hands of their local police department, promoted the use of Bitcoin to fund his campaign and won the councel seat for his district.
|-
| 2012-07-23
| First car producers offer their vehicle for Bitcoin<ref>[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=94820.msg1048706#msg1048706 Automaker offers their vehicle for Bitcoin]</ref>. WikiSpeed is a Seattle based corporation that manufactures open source modular cars that get 100 MPG and accept Bitcoin as payment
|-
| 2012-08-06
| First Bitcoin lawsuit<ref>[https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_ECG6JRZs-7dTZ5QS0xcUkxQjQ/edit?pli=1# Bitcoin lawsuit]</ref>. Brian Cartmell filed a lawsuit against [[Bitcoinica]], a former Bitcoin margin trading platform that got hacked and hasen't returned customers' funds.
|-
| 2012-08-24
| First private medical practice accepts Bitcoin<ref>[http://meidanklinikka.fi Private medical practice accepts Bitcoin]</ref>. It's a dentist in Finland.
|-
| 2012-09-14
| First warrant to seize Bitcoins<ref>[http://www.americanbanker.com/bankthink/plot-thickens-in-bizarre-bitcoin-blackmail-caper-1054312-1.html First warrant to seize Bitcoin]</ref>. U.S. Secret Service seizing Michael M. Brown's bitcoins in the Romney Taxes For Ransom case.
|-
| 2012-09-26
| First Taxi service accepts Bitcoin<ref>[http://www.taxizen.co.uk Taxi service accepts Bitcoin]</ref> (in Herefordshire, UK.)
|-
| 2012-11-15
| First big<ref>[http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wordpress.com Wordpress.com at Alexa.com]</ref> website<ref>[http://en.blog.wordpress.com/2012/11/15/pay-another-way-bitcoin/ Wordpress accepts Bitcoin]</ref> accepts Bitcoin. It's [http://www.wordpress.com wordpress.com]
|-
| 2012-11-28
| Bitcoin celebrates first halving day - every roughly 4 years, the reward for mining a new block, initially 50 BTC will be halved.<ref>[http://www.prlog.org/12032578-bitcoin-community-celebrates-halving-day.html Bitcoin Community Celebrates "Halving Day"]</ref>
|-
| 2013-02-15
| Reddit begins accepting bitcoins for [http://techcrunch.com/2013/02/14/reddit-starts-accepting-bitcoin-for-reddit-gold-purchases-thanks-to-partnership-with-coinbase purchases of Reddit Gold].
|-
| 2013-02-18
| Kim DotCom's successor to MegaUpload, Mega to [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-21496977 accept bitcoins for payment].
|-
| 2013-02-19
| Silver parity reached. Bitcoin exchange rate at $29.65 is higher than an ounce of silver.
|-
| 2013-03-18
| The United States federal agency charged with enforcing laws against money laundering (FinCEN) declares that Bitcoin users are not subjects to its regulations. Miners who sell bitcoins for fiat currency must register as Money Service Business.<ref>[http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/03/us-regulator-bitcoin-exchanges-must-comply-with-money-laundering-laws/ US regulator: Bitcoin exchanges must comply with money-laundering laws]</ref>
|-
| 2013-04-01
| Bitcoin surpasses 100 USD.<ref>[http://venturebeat.com/2013/04/01/bitcoin-value-above-100-bubble/ Bitcoin value surpasses $100 — is this another bubble?]</ref>
|-
| 2013-04-09
| Bitcoin surpasses 200 USD.<ref>http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/04/09/176708504/bitcoin-surpasses-200-mark-continuing-epic-rise</ref>
|}

==See Also==

* [[History]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Introduction]]

Weaknesses

2013-04-14T03:41:52Z

Aceat64: /* Denial of Service (DoS) attacks */ controller -> controlled

== Might be a problem ==
=== Wallet Vulnerable To Theft ===

The [[wallet]] is stored unencrypted, by default, and thus becomes a valuable target for theft. Recent releases of the Bitcoin client now supports encryption to protect the wallet data, though the user must opt-in.

==== New wallets vulnerable with old passwords via backups ====

An old copy of a wallet with its old password is often easily retrievable via an existing backup facility (particularly Apple Time-Machine): draining that old wallet, with its old password, drains the current wallet with the current password -- this is contrary to most non-technical users expectation of what 'change the password on your wallet' should mean following password compromise.

An initial solution is to mandate (either in code or as expressed policy) that changing a wallet's password causes (or asks the user to cause) the creation of a new wallet with new addresses, and the sending of existing sums to them. Backed-up copies of the original wallet with the original password would then be empty, should they be compromised. On the downside, the password-changing process would potentially take much longer, cost a transaction fee or more, and - intially at least - the new wakllet is no longer backed up. On the upside, non-technical users won't find their wallets drained from security compromises they believed they had closed, nor be required to locate existing backups of a wallet in order to destroy them.

=== Tracing a coin's history ===
Tracing a coin's history can be used to connect identities to addresses. [[Anonymity|More info]].

=== Cancer nodes ===
It's trivial for an attacker to fill the network with clients controlled by him. This might be helpful in the execution of other attacks.

For example, an attacker might connect 100,000 IP addresses to the IRC bootstrap channel. You would then be very likely to connect only to attacker nodes. This state can be exploited in (at least) the following ways:
* The attacker can refuse to relay blocks and transactions from everyone, disconnecting you from the network.
* The attacker can relay only blocks that he creates, putting you on a separate network. You're then open to [[double-spending]] attacks.
* If you rely on transactions with 0 confirmations, the attacker can just filter out certain transactions to execute a double-spending attack.
* Low-latency encryption/anonymization of Bitcoin's transmissions (With Tor, JAP, etc.) can be defeated relatively easy with a timing attack if you're connected to several of the attacker's nodes and the attacker is watching your transmissions at your ISP.

Bitcoin makes these attacks more difficult by only making an outbound connection to one IP address per /16 (x.y.0.0). Incoming connections are unlimited and unregulated, but this is generally only a problem in the anonymity case, where you're probably already unable to accept incoming connections.

Looking for suspiciously low network hash-rates may help prevent the second one.

=== No authentication for IP transfers ===
Since there's no authentication when sending to an [[IP address]] (as opposed to a [[Address|Bitcoin address]]), executing a man-in-the-middle attack and stealing the sent BitCoins is trivial. This attack is downright ''likely'' if you're using Tor. For this reason, IP transfers are disabled by default in modern Bitcoin clients, though the feature can be enabled with a command line argument if desired.

=== Packet sniffing ===
Someone who can see all of your Internet traffic can easily see when you send a transaction that you didn't receive (which means that it's yours). This would be made more difficult (but not impossible) if node-to-node encryption was used.

=== Denial of Service (DoS) attacks ===
Sending lots of data to a node may make it so busy it cannot process normal Bitcoin transactions. Bitcoin has some denial-of-service prevention built-in, but is likely still vulnerable to more sophisticated denial-of-service attacks.

These are the current Bitcoin Satoshi client protections to deter DoS attacks, as of version 0.7.0:

# Does not forward orphan transactions/blocks
# Does not forward double-spend transactions
# Does not forward the same block, transaction or alert twice to the same peer.
# Continuous rate-limit of free transactions to mitigate 'penny-flooding'
# Keeps a DoS score of each connected peer and disconnects from a peer that send messages that fail to comply with the rules.
# Bans IP addresses that misbehave for a time lapse (24 hours default)
# Limits the number of stored orphan transactions (10000 by default)
# Uses a signature cache to prevent attacks that try to continuously trigger the re-verification of stored orphan transactions (protects from https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=136422.0 attack)
# Limits the number of stored signatures in the signature cache (50000 signatures by default)
# Tries to catch all possible errors in transactions before the signature verifications take place, to avoid DoS attacks on CPU usage.
# Penalizes peers that send lots of duplicate/expired/invalid-signature/whatever alerts, so they eventually get banned.
# In orphan/signature caches, when removing an item, evicts a random entry.
# Data structures are specially chosen to avoid loops in which the number of iterations can be controlled by an attacker that result in exponential complexity.
# Ignores big orphan transactions, to avoid a send-big-orphans memory exhaustion attack.
# In RPC: Only sends a HTTP 403 response if it's not using SSL to prevent a DoS during the SSL handshake.
# In RPC: Sleeps some time if authorization fails to deter brute-forcing short passwords.
# In GUI: Limits URI length to prevent a DoS against the QR-Code dialog
# Considers non-standard signature scripts with size greater than 500 bytes.
# Considers non-standard signature scripts that contain operations that are not PUSHs.
# Does not forward nor process non-standard transactions

These are protocol rules built to prevent DoS:

# Restricts the block size to 1 megabyte.
# Restricts the maximum number of signature checks a transaction input may request
# Limits the size of each script (up to 10000 bytes)
# Limits the size of each value pushed while evaluating a a script (up to 520 bytes)
# Limits the number of expensive operations in a script (up to 201 operations). All but pushs are considered expensive. Also each key argument of signature checking in multi-signature checking (OP_CHECKMULTISIG) is considered an additional operation.
# Limits the number of key arguments OP_CHECKMULTISIG can use (up to 20 keys)
# Limits the number of the stack elements that can be stored simultaneously (up to 1000 elements, in standard and alt stacks together)
# Limits the number of signature checks a block may request (up to 20000 checks)

These are the Satoshi client protections added in version 0.8.0:

# Transactions greater than 100 Kbytes are considered non-standard (protects from variations of the https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=140078.0 attack).
# Only the UXTO (Unspent Transaction Output Set) is stored in memory, the remaining data is stored on disk.
# When processing a transaction, before fetching transaction inputs from disk to memory, the client checks that all the inputs are unspent (protects from the Continuous Hard Disk Seek/Read Activity (https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=144122.0) DoS attack)

Satoshi client does not directly limit peer bandwidth nor CPU usage.

=== Forcing clock drift against a target node ===

See [http://culubas.blogspot.com/2011/05/timejacking-bitcoin_802.html Timejacking] for a description of this attack. It can be fixed by changing how nodes calculate the current time.

=== Illegal content in the block chain ===
It is illegal in some countries to possess/distribute certain kinds of data. Since arbitrary data can be included in Bitcoin transactions, and clients must normally have a copy of all unspent transactions, this could cause legal problems.

=== Security Vulnerabilities and bugs ===
It's possible but unlikely that a newly discovered bug or security vulnerability in the standard client could lead to a block chain split, or the need for every node to upgrade in a short time period. For example, a single malformed message tailored to exploit a specific vulnerability, when spread from node to node, could cause the whole network to shutdown in a few hours. Bugs that break user anonymity, on the contrary, have been found, since the pseudo-anonymity property of Bitcoin has been analyzed less.
Starting from version 0.7.0, Bitcoin client can be considered a mature project. The security critical sections of the source code are updated less and less frequently and those parts have been reviewed by many computer security experts. Also Bitcoin Satoshi client has passed the test of being on-line for more than 3 years, without a single vulnerability being exploited ''in the wild''.
See [[Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures]] for a detailed list of vulnerabilities detected and fixed.

== Probably not a problem ==

===Breaking the cryptography===
SHA-256 and ECDSA are considered very strong currently, but they might be broken in the far future. If that happens, BitCoin can shift to a stronger algorithm. [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=191.msg1585#msg1585 More info].

===Scalability===
BitCoin can easily scale beyond the level of traffic VISA sees globally today. See the discussion on the [[scalability]] page for more information.

===Segmentation===
If there is even a "trickle" of a connection between two sides of a segmented network, things should still work perfectly. When block chains are combined, all of the non-generation transactions in the shorter chain are re-added to the transaction pool -- they'll start over at 0/unconfirmed, but they'll still be valid. No mature transactions will be lost unless the segmentation persists for longer than ~120 blocks. Then generations will start to mature, and any transactions based on those generations will become invalid when recombined with the longer chain. [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=241.msg2071#msg2071 More info].

=== Attacking all users ===
The IP addresses of most users are totally public. You can use Tor to hide this, but the network won't work if everyone does this. BitCoin requires that ''some'' country is still free.

=== Dropping transactions ===
Nodes that generate blocks can choose not to include a transaction in their blocks. When this happens, the transaction remains "active" and can be included in a later block. Two things discourage this:
* Nodes only hash a fixed-size ''header'', so there is no speed advantage to dropping transactions.
* [[Satoshi]] has [https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=165.msg1595#msg1595 communicated] that he will write code to stop this kind of thing if it becomes a problem.

=== Attacker has a lot of computing power ===
An attacker that controls more than 50% of the network's computing power can, for the time that he is in control, exclude and modify the ordering of transactions. This allows him to:
* Reverse transactions that he sends while he's in control. This has the potential to [[Double-spending#51.25_attack|double-spend transactions]] that previously had already been seen in the block chain.
* Prevent some or all transactions from gaining any confirmations
* Prevent some or all other miners from mining any valid blocks
The attacker ''can't'':
* Reverse other people's transactions
* Prevent transactions from being sent at all (they'll show as 0/unconfirmed)
* Change the number of coins generated per block
* Create coins out of thin air
* Send coins that never belonged to him

With less than 50%, the same kind of attacks are possible, but with less than 100% rate of success.
For example, someone with only 40% of the network computing power can overcome a 6-deep confirmed transaction with a 50% success rate.

It's much more difficult to change historical blocks, and it becomes exponentially more difficult the further back you go. As above, changing historical blocks only allows you to exclude and change the ordering of transactions. It's impossible to change blocks created before the last checkpoint.

Since this attack doesn't permit all that much power over the network, it is expected that no one will attempt it. A profit-seeking person will always gain more by just following the rules, and even someone trying to destroy the system will probably find other attacks more attractive. However, if this attack is successfully executed, it will be difficult or impossible to "untangle" the mess created -- any changes the attacker makes might become permanent.

=== Spamming transactions ===

It is easy to send transactions to yourself repeatedly. If these transactions fill blocks to the maximum size (1MB), other transactions would be delayed until the next block.

This is made expensive by the [[transaction fee|fees]] that would be required after the 50KB of free transactions per block are exhausted. An attacker will eventually eliminate free transactions, but Bitcoin fees will always be low because raising fees above 0.01 BTC per KB would require spending transaction fees. An attacker will eventually run out of money. Even if an attacker wants to waste money, transactions are further prioritized by the time since the coins were last spent, so attacks spending the same coins repeatedly are less effective.

=== The [[Double-spending#Finney_attack|Finney attack]] ===
Named for Hal Finney, who first described this variation of a double-spend attack involving accepting [http://www.bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3441.msg48384#msg48384 0-confirmation transactions]. Accepting 0-confirmation large-value transactions is problematic; accepting them for low-value transactions (after waiting several seconds to detect an ordinary double-spend attempt) is probably safe.

===Rival/malicious client code===
Any rival client must follow Bitcoin's rules or else all current BitCoin clients will ignore it. You'd have to actually get people to ''use'' your client. A better client that pretends to follow the same rules, but with an exception known only to the author (possibly by making it closed source), might conceivably be able to gain widespread adoption. At that point, its author could use his exception and go largely unnoticed.

== Definitely not a problem ==

===Coin destruction===
Bitcoin has 2.1 quadrillion raw units, making up 8 decimals of BTC precision, so the entire network could potentially operate on much less than the full quantity of Bitcoins. If deflation gets to the point where transactions of more than 10 BTC are unheard of, clients can just switch to another unit so that, for example, it shows 10 mBTC rather than 0.01 BTC.

The maximum number of raw units might not be enough if the ''entire world'' starts using BTC, but it would not be too difficult to increase precision in that case. The transaction format and version number would be scheduled to change at some particular block number after a year or two, and everyone would have to update by then.

===Generating tons of addresses===
Generating an address doesn't touch the network at all. You'd only be wasting your CPU resources and disk space.

Also, a collision is highly unlikely.

Keys are 256 bit in length and are hashed in a 160 bit address.(2^160th power)
Divide it by the world population and you have about 215,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 addresses per capita.(2.15 x 10^38)[http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=2^160+%2F+world+population]

===Everyone calculates at the same rate===
If everyone began with identical blocks and started their nonce at 1 and incremented, the fastest machine would always win. However, each block contains a new, random public key known only to you in the list of transactions. The 256-bit "Merkle tree" hash of this is part of the block header.

So everyone begins with slightly different blocks and everyone truly has a random chance of winning (modified by CPU power).

===Generate "valid" blocks with a lower difficulty than normal===
Using unmodified Bitcoin code, an attacker could segment himself from the main network and generate a long block chain with a lower difficulty than the real network. These blocks would be totally valid for his network. However, it would be impossible to combine the two networks (and the "false" chain would be destroyed in the process).

* Even though your network's difficulty can be less than the real difficulty, this doesn't give you any advantage over the real network. You'll gain ground when the real network is taking more than 10 minutes to generate a block, but you'll lose ground when the network takes less than 10 minutes.
* Every few releases of Bitcoin, a recent block hash is hardcoded into the source code. Any blocks before that point can't be changed. An attacker starting at that point would have to reduce the difficulty, but this would require him to generate blocks at a much slower rate than once per 10 minutes. By the time he finally gets to a difficulty of 1, a new version of Bitcoin with an updated hardcoded block will probably have been released.
* "Block chain length" is calculated from the combined difficulty of all the blocks, not just the number of blocks in the chain. The one that represents the most CPU usage will win.

==See Also==

* [[Double-spending]]

[[Category:Technical]]

PHP developer intro

2013-04-08T05:13:28Z

Aceat64: /* Getinfo (Bitcoind's version of Hello World) */ This was really aggravating to re-discover, documenting in the hope that I can save future PHP developers time and sanity.

'''L'''inux '''A'''pache '''M'''ySQL '''P'''HP + Bitcoin tutorial.

For this introduction we assume that you have GNU/Linux server with Apache and PHP and that you wish to interact with the Bitcoin network from a web application. We assume some knowledge of Bitcoin and experience in PHP.

While this is written for PHP, the same principles apply for other languages. See the associated [[API reference (JSON-RPC)|API reference]] pages for info on other languages.

The easiest way to get started is to run Bitcoin in daemon mode with which PHP communicates via local HTTP requests. A library called [http://jsonrpcphp.org/ JSON-RPC] is used to call the various functions of bitcoind, which will respond back with a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Json JSON object].

== Setting up Bitcoin ==

You can download the Bitcoin daemon from the [[Main_Page|homepage]] and run one of the included binaries or compile your own from the included source code. See [[Running Bitcoin]] for details on configuring bitcoind.

Before running bitcoind you will need to create a configuration file in the Bitcoin data directory (~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf on Linux):
<source lang="bash">
rpcuser=user
rpcpassword={you MUST pick a unique password to be secure}
</source>
If you miss this step, bitcoind will remind you.

Now run bitcoind:
<source lang="bash">
$ ./bitcoind
# wait a few seconds for it to start up
$ ./bitcoind getinfo
# various information will be shown. If you get an error, try again until you see some useful output.
$ ./bitcoind help
# get help on commands, note no dash before help
</source>

Bitcoin will begin synchronizing with the network and downloading a complete copy of the block chain. As of August 2012, more than 2gb of data must be downloaded and verified during this process. It may take two or more hours to complete. You will know when it's done when the block count reaches the [http://blockexplorer.com/q/getblockcount current count].

== Getinfo (Bitcoind's version of Hello World) ==

Assuming Bitcoin has finished the initialisation process; download the file jsonRPCClient.php from [http://jsonrpcphp.org/ JSON-RPC PHP] and place it in a web-accessible location.

Second, create a PHP file with the following and visit it with your browser to test.

<source lang="php">
require_once 'jsonRPCClient.php';

$bitcoin = new jsonRPCClient('http://user:password@127.0.0.1:8332/');

echo "<pre>\n";
print_r($bitcoin->getinfo());
echo "</pre>";
</source>

'''Note:''' The jsonRPCClient library uses fopen() and will throw an exception saying "Unable to connect" if it receives a 404 or 500 error from bitcoind. This prevents you from being able to see error messages generated by bitcoind (as they are sent with status 404 or 500).

== Precision ==

Bitcoin amounts can range from 1 (0.00000001 BTC) to nearly 2,100,000,000,000,000 (21,000,000 BTC). To avoid rounding errors, you must make sure your PHP implementation supports the full range of Bitcoin values without losing precision. Most PHP implementations use IEEE 64-bit double-precision floating point numbers with 53 bits of precision, which is enough to correctly represent the full range of bitcoin values.

See [[Proper Money Handling (JSON-RPC)]] for more information.

If your PHP implementation does not support 64-bit numbers (again, this is very rare), you must use a version of bitcoind that sends values as strings (genjix maintains a fork at http://github.com/genjix/bitcoin) and use the [http://php.net/manual/en/ref.gmp.php GMP] and [http://php.net/manual/en/ref.bc.php BC Math] libraries for all calculations involving bitcoin amounts.

== Accounts ==

In Bitcoin, money is sent to addresses and many addresses can be held by one wallet. The balance shown by default in bitcoind is the sum of the bitcoins in all the addresses in the wallet.

Bitcoin goes another step. You can have [[Accounts explained|accounts]]. Each account holds multiple addresses and acts like a mini-bitcoind.

<source lang="bash">
$ ./bitcoind listaccounts
# show list of accounts and various info for each one
$ ./bitcoind getaccountaddress user889
# get an address to receive money to that is unique for the account user889
$ ./bitcoind getbalance user889
# get the sum of all the money in the addresses owned by the account user889
</source>

In your application, each user should have a unique username. You may then query bitcoind for a unique address using $bitcoin->getaccountaddress("user889"); [gets the first address for user889] or $bitcoin->getnewaddress("user889"); [creates a new address for user889].

The customer then deposits to this address.

You can check the funds for that customer by doing $bitcoin->getbalance("user889", 4);. The 4 indicates the minimum number of confirmations we will accept before assuming this payment is valid.

If you will be using accounts for multiple deposits and withdrawals long-term, you may want to consider tracking user balances in your own database. This simplifies transfers between your application's accounts and decouples your accounts from the Bitcoin wallet.

=== getnewaddress vs getaccountaddress ===

Using getnewaddress helps increase maintain anonymity of your users by making it hard for a malicious agent to track payments flowing through your application. Running getnewaddress too often, however, will cause your wallet to become filled with many empty addresses.

It is therefore recommended to in some way limit the number of unfunded addresses each user can request. Here is an example using sessions:
<source lang="php">
<?php
require_once('jsonRPCClient.php');
$bitcoin = new jsonRPCClient('http://root:root@127.0.0.1:8332/');
# now check for appropriate funds in user account
try {
$username = ...
if(isset($_SESSION['sendaddress']))
$sendaddress = $_SESSION['sendaddress'];
else {
$sendaddress = $bitcoin->getnewaddress($username);
$_SESSION['sendaddress'] = $sendaddress;
}
$balance = $bitcoin->getbalance($username);
}
catch (Exception $e) {
die("<p>Server error! Please contact the admin.</p>");
}
?>
</source>

This creates a new address at the beginning of every new session, and stores it in the session variable.

==See Also==

* [[API reference (JSON-RPC)]]
* [[Lazy_API]]
* [[Merchant Howto]]

[[es:Introducción para desarrolladores de PHP]]
[[de:Einführung_für_PHP-Entwickler]]

[[Category:Developer]]

Donation-accepting organizations and projects

2013-03-23T23:41:32Z

Aceat64: Added Dallas Makerspace. Disclosure: I am the President of the non-profit.

Here is a list of organizations that accept bitcoin donations.
Only notable donation-accepting sites should be added here.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Organization
! Purpose
! Donation Page
|-
| [http://theicarusproject.net/about-us/donate-to-the-icarus-project The Icarus Project]
|The Icarus Project envisions a new culture and language that resonates with our actual experiences of 'mental illness' rather than trying to fit our lives into a conventional framework.
| [http://theicarusproject.net/about-us/donate-to-the-icarus-project]
|-
| [https://www.facebook.com/pages/Animals-in-Distress-Sanctuary/18914014768 Animals in Distress Sanctuary]
|Animals in Distress Sanctuary
| [https://propster.me/tipjar/0cigdnk]
|-
| [http://piratelinux.org/ Pirate Linux]
|A .deb installer and an Ubuntu based OS that installs, I2p Tor, bitcoin wallet and many other privacy and file sharing apps
| [http://piratelinux.org/?page_id=271]
|-
|'''[http://www.archive.org/ Archive.org]'''
|Digital archive of public domain media, original open/free media and historical website backups
|[http://www.archive.org/donate]
|-
| [http://thefnf.org/ The Free Network Foundation]
|To create free internetworks controlled and operated by communities. Plus help them operate with encryption by using 'Freedom Boxes' ect.
| [http://commons.thefnf.org/index.php/Needs]
|-
| [http://antiwar.com/ Antiwar.com]
|Devoted to the cause of non-interventionism and anti-imperialism.
|[http://antiwar.com/blog/2012/11/27/an-alternative-way-to-help-antiwar-com/]
|-
|[http://www.stjohnsgoshen.com Church of Saint John the Evangelist]
|A Church in Goshen, NY
|[http://www.stjohnsgoshen.com/bitcoin]
|-
|[http://www.osiris-sps.org Osiris-sps.org]
|Software for decentralized portal, managed and shared via P2P between members.
|[http://www.osiris-sps.org/donations/]
|-
|[http://www.bitcoinfunding.com BitcoinFunding.com]
|[Raise money with bitcoins] Kickstarter style website to raise funds for projects.
|[http://bitcoinfunding.com/]
|-
|[https://ahmia.fi/ Ahmia.fi]
|AHMIA is working with Tor related projects including running Tor Nodes and the only public Tor Hidden Service search.
|[https://ahmia.fi/]
|-
|[http://www.AncientBeast.com AncientBeast.com]
|[Free Open Source] Turn Based Strategy Game Played Online Against Other People. Master your beasts!
|[http://http://ancientbeast.com/bitcoin]
|-
|[http://www.anonyops.com/index.php Anonyops.com]
|News about Anonymous actions and operations
|[http://anonyops.com/bitcoindonate.php]
|-
|[http://www.anonnews.org/ Anonnews.org]
|Open news platform for Anonymous
|[http://anonnews.org/bitcoin.html]
|-
|[http://awesome.naquadah.org/ awesome]
|Window manager for X11
|[http://awesome.naquadah.org/community/]
|-
|[https://iplayernotifier.appspot.com/ BBC iPlayer Notifier]
|Email and Google Talk notification of new content available on BBC iPlayer
|[https://iplayernotifier.appspot.com/]
|-
|[http://www.beatingdebt.org BeatingDebt.org]
|Teaching debt prevention by placing educational ads, supporting debt prevention groups, and providing online resources
|[http://www.beatingdebt.org/donate.php#BitCoinDonation]
|-
|[http://www.backbox.org/ Backbox]
|Ubuntu-based GNU/Linux distribution for perform penetration tests and security assessments for ethical hacking
|[http://www.backbox.org/services]
|-
|[http://www.kk-velikelasce.si/ Basketball club KK Velike Lašče]
|Basketball club KK Velike Lašče from Slovenia playing in the lower national league
|[http://www.kk-velikelasce.si/pokrovitelji/]
|-
|[http://www.bitcharity.org/ BitCharity]
|Hub for donating to charities using Bitcoin (currently inactive)
|[http://www.bitcharity.org]
|-
|[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=52543.0 Bitcoin 100]
|Bitcoin 100: A Kickstarter for Charities (1BTC1oo)
|[https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=52543.0]
|-
|[https://bitcoinfoundation.org Bitcoin Foundation]
|Bitcoin Foundation standardizes, protects and promotes the use of Bitcoin cryptographic money for the benefit of users worldwide.
|[https://bitcoinfoundation.org/donate]
|-
|[http://www.bitcoinspot.nl/ Bitcoinspot]
|Dutch website and forum about Bitcoins, how to acquire and how to use them.
|[http://www.bitcoinspot.nl/nieuws-algemeen/bitcoin-browser-integratie.html]
|-
|[http://www.bluetile.org Bluetile]
|Tiling window manager for GNOME
|[http://www.bluetile.org/#development]
|-
|[http://brmlab.cz/ Brmlab, hackerspace]
|The first hackerspace in the Czech Republic
|[http://brmlab.cz/project/bitcoin]
|-
|[http://www.bund-berlin.de/ BUND Berlin e.V.]
|environmental NGO, Berlin branch of BUND / Friends of the Earth, Germany
|[http://www.bund-berlin.de/bund_berlinde/spenden/bitcoin_spenden/bitcoin_english.html]
|-
|[http://c4ss.org/ Center for a Stateless Society]
|Builds public awareness of, and support for, market anarchism
|[http://c4ss.org/support-the-center]
|-
|[http://www.cheat-sheets.org/ Cheat-Sheets.org]
|Cheat/round-up/reference cards/guides/sheets for programming languages and software
|[http://www.cheat-sheets.org/]
|-
|[http://www.chambaproject.in/ Chamba Project]
|An effort to create a Swathanthra (Free/Libre/Open/Mukt) Animation Movie by pooling in contributions from people around the world and funding artists directly.
|[http://www.chambaproject.in/contribute/]
|-
|[https://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Bitcoin.shtml Chebucto Community Net]
|Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada-based registered charitable society providing non-profit access to the tools of communication. Operating since 1994.
|[https://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Bitcoin.shtml]
|-
|[http://www.bitcoinsreview.com Consumer - Merchant Trust Project]
|An initiative to increase trust between Consumer and Bitcoin Merchants. Proceedspay for hosting, ads, etc.
|[http://www.bitcoinsreview.com/donate/]
|-
|[http://convergence.io Convergence]
|Agile, distributed, and secure strategy for replacing certificate authorities.
|[http://convergence.io/involved.html]
|-
|[http://ccbib.org Creative Commons Bibliothek]
|Creative Commons and Public Domain library. Includes book source code for easy reprinting with custom layout. Local groups produce paper versions for lending.
|[http://ccbib.org/donate/]
|-
|[http://www.cryto.net/ Cryto Coding Collective]
|Host for IRC and web for free/libre software and cultural projects
|[http://www.cryto.net/donate/]
|-
|[http://dallasmakerspace.org/ Dallas Makerspace]
|The first Makerspace/Hackerspace in North Texas.
|[http://dallasmakerspace.org/blog/contribute/]
|-
|[http://www.DecryptedMatrix.com/ Decrypted Matrix ]
|Blog on science, society, nature, politics etc.
|[http://www.DecryptedMatrix.com]
|-
|[http://www.degenernet.com/ Degenernet Radio]
|Online radio station dedicated independent music from all genres
|[http://www.degenernet.com/donate.php]
|-
|[http://dia-installer.de/ dia-installer.de]
|Dia, popular open source diagramming software for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux
|[http://dia-installer.de/support/donations.html]
|-
|[http://diasporaproject.org/ DIASPORA* Project]
|A distributed privacy aware "social network" which is run non-profit
|[https://propster.me/tipjar/0cfj4eg]
|-
|[http://www.digitalprecursor.org/ Digital Precursor]
|Website and Forum dedicated to scientific learning (particularly energetics)
|[http://www.digitalprecursor.org/content.php/93-Anonymous-Donations-Now-Available]
|-
|[http://www.dosbox.com/ DOSBox]
|An x86 emulator with DOS
|[http://www.dosbox.com/crew.php]
|-
|[http://www.downsizedc.org/link?uri=/&src=btc-wiki DownsizeDC.org]
|USA federal government downsizing movement
|[https://secure.downsizedc.org/contribute/]
|-
|[http://www.duplicati.com/ Duplicati]
|Free, open source backup client that securely stores encrypted, incremental, compressed backups on cloud storage services and remote file servers. It works with Amazon S3, Windows Live SkyDrive, Google Drive (Google Docs), Rackspace Cloud Files or WebDAV, SSH, FTP (and many more).
|[http://www.duplicati.com/]
|-
|[http://www.dyne.org Dyne.org]
|Since the year 2000 producing free and open source software for media activism: makers of the 100% Free Dyne:bolic GNU/Linux distribution and more software to record, edit and stream audio and video materials on-line, encrypt private communications and recycle existing hardware.
|[http://www.dyne.org]
|-
|[http://spices.org.my/ Early Intervention Program at SPICES]
|Non-profit organization providing services to children with learning disabilities since 1997
|[http://spices.org.my/be-involved/donations/]
|-
|[http://encyclopediadramatica.ch/Main_Page Encyclopedia Dramatica]
|4chan's Wikipedia
|[http://encyclopediadramatica.ch/donate.php]
|-
|[https://www.erowid.org/ Erowid]
|Portal on psychoactive plants and chemicals, meditation, lucid etc.
|[https://www.erowid.org/donations/donations_bitcoin.php]
|-
|[http://eudemocracia.org/english.html Eudemocracia] NGO
|Dedicated to the creation of a modern form of government that combines direct democracy and internet.
|[http://wiki.eudemocracia.org/en/donaciones]
|-
|[http://www.expanton.com Expanton]
|Occupy Wall Street Support
|[http://www.expanton.com/]
|-
|[http://www.ezyorg.com/ Ezyorg.com]
|Organizing & Planning Tool
|[http://ezyorg.com/]
|-
|[http://www.Brikcius.com/ Festival Brikcius]
|Support "Festival Brikcius" - the chamber music concert series at the Stone Bell House in Prague.
|[http://www.Brikcius.com/Contact.uk.html]
|-
|[http://www.foo.be/forban/ Forban]
|Filesharing protocol for local area networks
|[http://www.foo.be/forban/]
|-
|[http://freedomboxfoundation.org FreedomBox Foundation]
|Non-profit turning small plug computers into personal servers that guard your privacy, anonymity and security.
|[https://freedomboxfoundation.org/donate]
|-
| [http://FreedomsPhoenix.com/ FreedomsPhoenix]
|Reigniting the flames of freedom, Phoenix based daily radio show, news aggregator and Digital eZine.
| [https://www.freedomsphoenix.com/Secure/Contributions.htm?EdNo=001]
|-
|[https://freenetproject.org/ Freenet Project]
|The Free Network
|[https://freenetproject.org/donate.html]
|-
|[http://www.fsf.org Free Software Foundation]
|Worldwide advocate for software freedom and host organization for the GNU Project.
|[https://my.fsf.org/donate/other]
|-
|[http://www.freetalklive.com/ Free Talk Live]
|Help spread the message of liberty by donating to a liberty leaning nationally syndicated radio show!
|[http://www.freetalklive.com/bitcoin]
|-
|[http://freedomainradio.com/ Freedomain Radio]
|Online philosophical conversation about freedom, religion, the state, and the family
|[http://board.freedomainradio.com/forums/t/30241.aspx]
|-
|[http://www.freehal.org/ FreeHAL]
|a self-learning artificial intelligence available as free software
|[http://www.freehal.net/funds/?p=do&l=en]
|-
|[http://www.FreezingMoon.org FreezingMoon.org]
|Free Open Source Game Development Organization
|[http://http://FreezingMoon.org/bitcoin]
|-
|[http://freifunk-rheinland.net Freifunk Rheinland e.V.]
| Organization fighting legislation against unrestricted WiFi access in Germany
|[http://freifunk-rheinland.org/operation-storerhaftung.html]
|-
|[http://www.gentlelan.de/ GentleLAN]
|Since many years free private LANs in Bremen / Germany
|[http://www.gentlelan.de/?page_id=193]
|-
|[http://www.girlsgonebitcoin.info GirlsGoneBitcoin]
|Girls gone wild with bitcoin accepting donations!
|[http://www.girlsgonebitcoin.info/]
|-
|[http://http://www.groupbstrepinternational.org/ Group B Strep International]
|Promoting GBS Awareness Worldwide
|[http://www.groupbstrepinternational.org/donate.html]
|-
|[http://gzzt.org/ GZZT.org]
|Popular Useful Links Reference Site
|[http://gzzt.org]
|-
|[http://www.reddit.com/r/hackbloc HackBloc on Reddit]
|Hacktivism, Crypto-anarchy, Darknets.
|[http://www.reddit.com/r/hackbloc]
|-
|[http://hacktolive.org hacktolive]
|Development of Linux-based distro "Super OS" and other open-source software
|[http://hacktolive.org]
|-
|[http://www.heavensentgaming.com Heaven Sent Gaming]
|Heaven Sent Gaming is a new media entertainment group founded by Mario Lucero and Isabel Ruiz, in 2006, as a game development team.
|[http://heavensentgaming.com/support-and-donations/]
|-
|[http://www.helplinux.ru Help Linux]
|Russian language Linux support
|[http://helplinux.ourproject.org/wiki/about:start]
|-
|[http://thejuicemedia.com Juice Rap News]
|Juice Rap News - the news show for the Internet nation, delivering a bulletin to restore your faith in the fourth estate, make you nod your head to the beat even as you shake it in disbelief.
|[http://thejuicemedia.com/donate/]
|-
|[http://www.jurn.org/ JURN]
|Search over 4,000 'open access' academic ejournals in the arts & humanities. Find and access full-text academic articles, for free, from anywhere.
|[http://www.jurn.org/]
|-
|[http://immi.is/ International Modern Media Initiative]
|Strongest freedom of information laws in the world, being created in Iceland
|[https://immi.is/index.php/donate]
|-
|[http://i2p2.de/ I2P Anonymous Network]
|Anonymising network similar to tor
|[http://www.i2p2.de/donate.html]
|-
|[http://www.intercom.gs/ Intercom - Emergency Communications Division]
|We Build Censorship Resistant Phone and Communications Networks
|[http://www.intercom.gs/support.html]
|-
|[http://www.partito-pirata.it/ Italian Pirate Party]
|Italian Pirate Party - Associazione Partito Pirata Italia
|[http://www.partito-pirata.it/magazzino/payBTC.html]
|-
|'''[https://www.lewrockwell.com/ Lew Rockwell.com]'''
|anti-state anti-war pro-market
|[https://www.lewrockwell.com/donate/]
|-
|[http://lifeboat.com Lifeboat Foundation]
|Organization for scientific advancements and against harm from technological progress
|[https://lifeboat.com/ex/summer.growth]
|-
|[http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Lojban Logical Language Group]
|The Logical Language Group, Inc. is a non-profit organization meant to serve the needs of the '''Lojban''' community.
|[http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Donations]
|-
|[http://lorea.org/ Lorea]
|A distributed and federated organization working on pushing open source for social networking, social economy and autonomy of the people.
|[https://n-1.cc/pg/pages/view/14888/]
|-
|[http://biohackers.la/ Los Angeles Biohackers]
|Grass-roots biotechnology lab in downtown Los Angeles
|[http://www.socal-diybio.org/Main_Page#Donate]
|-
|[http://la.indymedia.org/ Los Angeles Indymedia]
|User-generated left-wing news.
|[http://la.indymedia.org/]
|-
|[http://love2d.org/ LÖVE]
|An open source 2D game engine that uses the Lua programming language.
|[http://love2d.org/]
|-
|[http://joyridelabs.de/game Nikki and the Robots]
|Cute cross-platform open source platformer game by Joyride Labs
|[http://joyridelabs.de/blog]
|-
|[https://github.com/FellowTraveler/Open-Transactions/ Open Transactions]
|Easy-to-use, Financial Crypto and Digital Cash Library.
|[https://github.com/FellowTraveler/Moneychanger]
|-
|[http://opengameart.org/ OpenGameArt.org]
|Produces and hosts freely licensed art for use in open source games
|[http://opengameart.org/content/donate-bitcoins]
|-
|[http://www.openwall.com Openwall Project]
|Development of information security related free software, information security research, publications, and community activities aimed at making existing free software safer to use.
|[http://www.openwall.com/donations/]
|-
|[https://www.operationanonymous.org/ Operation Anonymous]
|Anonymous Political Group
|[http://www.operationanonymous.org/]
|-
|[http://www.organicdesign.co.nz OrganicDesign]
|A group developing methods and tools to support open-source bottom-up peer-to-peer governance for the people
|[http://www.organicdesign.co.nz]
|-
|[http://www.paniq.cc paniq.cc]
|Music from the other side of the universe
|[http://www.paniq.cc]
|-
|[http://www.liberallibertario.org Partido Liberal Libertario]
|Libertarian Party of Argentina
|[http://www.liberallibertario.org/aportes]
|-
|[http://http://www.p2pfoundation.net P2P Foundation]
|Researching, documenting and promoting peer to peer practices
|[http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/why-the-p2p-foundation-is-paying-its-salaries-in-bitcoin/2012/03/28]
|-
|[http://patch-tag.com/ Patch-Tag.com]
|Darcs and gitit wiki hosting for open source projects
|[http://patch-tag.com/h/pricing]
|-
|[http://peacegeeks.org/ PeaceGeeks]
|Global non-profit, volunteer organization that builds the technological, communications and management capacities of grassroots organizations working on the promotion of peace, accountability and human rights.
|[http://peacegeeks.org/donate]
|-
|[http://pioneerone.tv/ Pioneer One]
|TV series funded purely through donations
|[https://twitter.com/pioneeronetv/status/36119594439544832]
|-
|[http://pirax.de/ PiraX]
|Hacker collective and web-tool pioneers.
|[http://pirax.de/donate/]
|-
|[http://plankhead.com/ Plankhead]
|Free/open source media and arts organization
|[http://plankhead.com/donate]
|-
|[http://plaztika.com/?lang=en Plaztika]
|Virtual art space. Non-profit/runs on donations. New artists are welcome to join.
|[http://plaztika.com/Who-are-we]
|-
|[https://privacybox.de/index.en.html PrivacyBox]
|System for anonymous and non-trackable contact forms
|[https://privacybox.de/donations.en.html]
|-
|[http://bitcoinintro.com/project-hidden-treasure/ Project Hidden Treasure]
|Promotes Bitcoin to new users by 'hiding' them in Geocaches. Also explains Bitcoin use and security.
|[http://bitcoinintro.com/project-hidden-treasure/]
|-
|[http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/ Prometheus Fusion Perfection]
|Open source nuclear fusion research
|[http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2011/02/04/bitcoin-fundraiser/]
|-
|[http://protestbarrick.net/ Protest Barrick]
|A global campaign against the world's largest gold miner
|[http://protestbarrick.net/article.php?id=764]
|-
|[http://queeky.com/ Queeky]
|an online drawing community with special drawing tools and creative users from all around the world
|[http://www.queeky.com/content/support-queeky-and-donate]
|-
|[http://www.reactos.org/ ReactOS]
|Free open source Windows-compatible operating system
|[http://www.reactos.org/en/foundation_donate.html]
|-
|[http://www.recycles.org/ Recycles.Org]
|Nonprofit Recycling and ReUse Network - Nationwide (USA) technology exchange clearinghouse for nonprofits
|[http://www.recycles.org/computer/donation/support/]
|-
|[https://ripplepay.com/ Ripple]
|Payment system based on trust networks
|[https://ripplepay.com/donate/]
|-
| [https://riseup.net/ Riseup]
| Anti-capitalist collective
|[https://help.riseup.net/en/donate#bitcoin]
|-
|[http://rusinfo.cc/ RusInfo]
|Russian info agency
|[http://rusinfo.cc/help]
|-
|[http://seasteading.org The Seasteading Institute]
|To further the establishment and growth of permanent, autonomous ocean communities, enabling innovation with new political and social systems.
|[http://twitter.com/#!/patrissimo/status/76392851558244353]
|-
|[http://showrss.karmorra.info/ showRSS]
|A service that provides feeds to automatically download TV show torrents for DVR/Tivo like applications
|[http://showrss.karmorra.info/?cs=help&m=donate]
|-
|[http://singinst.org Singularity Institute]
|Artificial Intelligence
|[http://singinst.org/donate]
|-
|[http://somefunnypranks.com/ SomeFunnyPranks.com]
|Audio recordings of phone pranks under Creative Commons
|[http://somefunnypranks.com/]
|-
|[http://sosmazunte.weeno.net/ ¡SOS Mazunte!]
|Support campaign after the Carlotta hurricane that hit the coast of Oaxaca (Mexico), particularly the community of Mazunte, on June 15th.
|[http://sosmazunte.weeno.net/]
|-
|[http://www.demokracjabezposrednia.pl Stowarzyszenie Więcej Demokracji]
|Association for direct democracy in Poland
|[http://www.demokracjabezposrednia.pl/donate]
|-
|[http://wiki.sugarlabs.org Sugar Labs]
|Free/open sourcee education/learning software
|[http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Donate]
|-
|[http://gorod-solnca.org/ Sun City]
|Ukrainian centre for children in difficult circumstances
|[http://sms.gorod-solnca.org/]
|-
|[http://www.symphonyofscience.com/ Symphony of Science]
|A musical project headed by John Boswell, to deliver scientific knowledge in musical form.
|[http://www.symphonyofscience.com/]
|-
|[http://tahoe-lafs.org/ Tahoe-LAFS]
|A distributed filesystem with funky redundancy properties
|[http://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/wiki/BitCoinPage]
|-
|[http://tangorin.com Tangorin Japanese Dictionary]
|Free online Japanese dictionary in development since October 2007 by a former Japanology student.
|[http://tangorin.com/bitcoin]
|-
|[http://tmac.technitium.com/ Technitium]
|Freeware MAC Address Changer
|[http://blog.technitium.com/2011/08/accepting-donations-again.html]
|-
|[http://the-alternative.co.uk/support-us/ The-alternative.co.uk]
|Alternative news and articles
|[http://the-alternative.co.uk/support-us/]
|-
|[http://theexperiments.com The Experiments]
|A rock / punk band who's music is free to download and licensed under the Creative Commons
|[http://theexperiments.com]
|-
|[http://theicarusproject.net The Icarus Project]
|A mutual aid/peer support organization dedicated to radical mental health
|[http://theicarusproject.net/about-us/donate-to-the-icarus-project]
|-
| [http://ThePythonGameBook.com ThePythonGameBook]
| Free CC/GPL licensed wikibook to learn open source game programming in Python
| [http://thepythongamebook.com/en:help?&#donating_money]
|-
|[http://Tn3t.com/ TN3T LLC TOR Project]
|TN3T LLC operates 2 TOR exit nodes.
| [http://tn3t.com/donate.txt]
|-
|[http://torchat.googlecode.com/ TorChat]
|A serverless encrypted anonymous instant messenger running on top of the Tor network
|[http://torchat.googlecode.com/]
|-
|[https://www.torservers.net/ Torservers.net]
|Runs [http://www.torproject.org/ Tor] relays and bridges
|[https://www.torservers.net/donate.html#anonymous]
|-
|[http://www.unitednationsoffilm.com/ United Nations of Film]
|Truth Investigation and Whistleblower Site fighting for the Right to Privacy, Freedom, Equality and Prosperity for all Humanity.
|[http://unitednationsoffilm.com/?page_id=2]
|-
|[https://vaizard.org/ Vaizard institute]
| Backing people who want to make the world a better place by making their ideas real.
|[https://vaizard.org/en/about/contacts/]
|-
|[http://wikileaks.org Wikileaks]
|Whistleblower website
|[http://wikileaks.org/support.html]
|-
|[http://wlcentral.org/ WL Central]
|News, analysis and actions related to Wikileaks
|[http://wlcentral.org/q-a]
|-
|[http://www.wakingupmovie.com Waking Up Movie Project]
|Humanist collaborative film project
|[http://www.wakingupmovie.com/2011/12/bitcoin-donations/]
|-
|[http://www.wikispeed.com WIKISPEED]
|first car-maker in the world to accept Bitcoin
|[http://www.wikispeed.com/wikispeed-team-blog/wikispeed-first-car-maker-in-the-world-to-accept-bitcoin-press-release]
|-
|[https://wikispooks.com/wiki/Main_Page Wikispooks]
|An encyclopedia of deep political structures and events
|[https://wikispooks.com/wiki/WikiSpooks:Donate]
|-
|[http://yorba.org Yorba]
|Software group developing free desktop applications for GNOME
|[http://yorba.org/donate]
|-
|[http://420chan.org/ 420chan]
|Imageboard community
|[http://420chan.org/donate/]
|-
|[http://zerostate.net Zero State]
|Grassroots technoprogressive community implementing practical solutions to advance the human condition.
|[http://zerostate.net/membership.html Category 2 membership] (Category 1 is free, category 3 is achievement based.)
|-
|[http://f-droid.org/ F–Droid]
|Android App market (like google play market) for open source apps
|[http://f-droid.org/]
|-
|[http://wordswithmeaning.org/ WordswithMeaning!]
|An "alternative" affairs online editorial focusing on non-conservative views and aiming criticism towards copyright and the modern media.
|[https://wordswithmeaning.org/page/support-wordmean]
|-
|[http://www.fairewinds.com Fairewinds Energy Education]
| Educates the public about nuclear power and other energy issues.
|[http://www.fairewinds.com/donations]
|-
|[http://www.VideoNeat.com Videoneat]
| Watch free documentaries and lectures online
|[http://www.videoneat.com/documentaries/#donatepopup]
|-
|[http://www.dcdclinic.org Douglas County Dental Clinic]
|Non-profit community dental clinic serving the residents of Douglas County, KS.
|[http://www.dcdclinic.org]
|-
|[http://www.piratenpartei.at/ Piratenpartei Österreich]
|Pirate Party of Austria
|[http://wiki.piratenpartei.at/wiki/Kategorie:Spenden]
|-
|[http://www.koinoniaaxion.gr/ KoinoniaAxion (Κοινωνία Αξιών)]
|Political Party in Greece
|[http://www.koinoniaaxion.gr/index.php/2013-01-05-11-13-03/bitcoin]
|}

[[de:Spenden]]